VIC-20 (original) (raw)
El VIC-20 (acrònim per a Video Interface Chip; Alemanya: VC-20; Japó: VIC-1001) va ser un microordinador de 8 bits llançat el 1981 per la Commodore Business Machines. Va ser anunciat el 1980, més o menys tres anys després del PET, primer ordinador personal de Commodore. El VIC-20 va ser el primer microordinador a vendre un milió d'unitats.
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| dbo:abstract | El VIC-20 (acrònim per a Video Interface Chip; Alemanya: VC-20; Japó: VIC-1001) va ser un microordinador de 8 bits llançat el 1981 per la Commodore Business Machines. Va ser anunciat el 1980, més o menys tres anys després del PET, primer ordinador personal de Commodore. El VIC-20 va ser el primer microordinador a vendre un milió d'unitats. (ca) Ο Commodore VIC-20 ήταν από τους πρώτους οικιακούς υπολογιστές 8-bit, που παρουσιάστηκαν από την Commodore στις αρχές της δεκαετίας του ´80. Η παρουσίαση του έγινε τρία χρόνια μετά την αρχική κυκλοφορία του προηγούμενου μοντέλου με το όνομα PET και οι πωλήσεις του έφτασαν τα 1.000.000 κομμάτια. Το όνομα VIC το πήρε από το ενσωματωμένο κύκλωμα γραφικών και ήχου VIC-I (6560) που διέθετε. Η έμφαση στα γραφικά και στον ήχο ήταν και το βασικό του πλεονέκτημα σε σχέση με τον προκάτοχό του. Ενδεικτικά οι ανταγωνιστές του την εποχή εκείνη ήταν στις ΗΠΑ, ο , ο Apple II, ο , ο Atari 400 και στην Ευρώπη ο Sinclair ZX81. Η αρχική τιμή πώλησης του το 1981 στις ΗΠΑ ήταν 299 δολάρια. Στη Γερμανία κυκλοφόρησε ως VC-20 και στην Ιαπωνία ως VIC-1001. Τον διαδέχτηκε ο Commodore 64. (el) Der erste Heimcomputer des US-amerikanischen Unternehmens Commodore International hatte im September 1980 in Japan als Commodore VIC 1001 seine Premiere. Ab März 1981 war er auch in den USA – dort aber unter der Bezeichnung Commodore VIC 20 – erhältlich, im Oktober kamen weitere Absatzmärkte hinzu. Auf Betreiben von Commodores deutscher Niederlassung waren die für den westdeutschen Markt bestimmten Geräte zuvor in Commodore VC 20 umbenannt worden. Der Computer basiert auf dem Mikroprozessor MOS 6502. Erstmals in der Heimcomputergeschichte stellte ein Hersteller zur Vermarktung seines Heimcomputers einen Werbeetat in Millionenhöhe bereit und engagierte eigens eine bekannte Werbeagentur. Unzählige großformatige Zeitungsanzeigen und Fernsehspots mit prominenten Markenbotschaftern, wie etwa William Shatner, priesen dabei den Computer unter dem Slogan „The Friendly Computer“ als sehr benutzerfreundlich und daher insbesondere als für Einsteiger geeignet an. Trotz des Ende 1982 von Texas Instruments in der Heimcomputerbranche begonnenen Preiskriegs konnte sich Commodore mit seinem technisch unterlegenen Gerät behaupten. Darüber hinaus gelang es Commodore nach eigenen Aussagen als erstem Hersteller, die Grenze von 1 Million abgesetzten Heimcomputern gleichen Typs zu überschreiten. Nach Ankündigung des offiziellen Nachfolgemodells Commodore 16 Anfang 1984 stellte Commodore die Produktion im Juni des Jahres 1984 ein. Insgesamt wurden bis Mitte 1985 etwa 2,5 Millionen Exemplare des Computers weltweit verkauft. Der auch „Brotkasten“ und „kleiner Bruder des C64“ genannte Rechner erfreute sich großer Beliebtheit, ermöglichte er doch aufgrund seines als ausgezeichnet empfundenen Preis-Leistungs-Verhältnisses vielen Interessenten den Einstieg in die „farbige Computerwelt“. Die oft bemängelte leistungsschwache Hardware und die in Relation zum Computerpreis teuren Aufrüstungen wurden dabei von vielen Benutzern in Kauf genommen. Der Computer gilt als Wegbereiter für das noch größere Erfolgsmodell Commodore 64 und als bedeutsamer Teil der Heimcomputergeschichte. (de) El Commodore VIC-20 (Commodore VC20 en Alemania, VIC-1001 en Japón) fue un ordenador doméstico de 8 bits fabricado y diseñado por Commodore Business Machines con 5 KB de RAM y una CPU MOS 6502. Tenía una forma similar al Commodore 64 y el C16, que fueron comercializados posteriormente. El VIC-20 fue lanzado en junio de 1980, cerca de 3 años después del primer computador personal de Commodore, el PET. (es) VIC-20(VC-20 di Jerman, dan VC-1001 di Jepang) adalah komputer rumahan 8-bit yang diperdagangkan oleh Commodore Business Machine(CBM). VIC-20 diluncurkan pada tahun 1980, yaitu sekiranya 3 tahun setelah peluncuran komputer pertama Commodore, Commodore PET. VIC-20 adalah komputer pertama dari golongan mikrokomputer yang berhasil mencapai angka penjualan hingga 1 juta unit. VIC-20 awalnya ditujukan untuk menjadi solusi ekonomis daripada Commodore PET. VIC-20 dipersenjatai oleh RAM Statis berjumlah 5 KB dan menggunakan CPU yang sama dengan CPU yang digunakan di Commodore PET yaitu MOS Technology 6502. Chip video VIC-20, yaitu MOS Technology VIC, adalah chip video warna multi-guna yang didesain oleh Al Charpentier pada tahun 1977 untuk digunakan pada terminal display murahan dan konsol game. (in) Le VIC-20 est un ordinateur personnel 8 bits qui était construit par Commodore International avec 5 ko de RAM (dont 3,5 ko pour les applications BASIC) et une unité centrale basée sur un processeur MOS 6502. Il ressemblait à ses successeurs le C64 et le C16. Le VIC-20 apparut en juin 1980, 2 ans et 9 mois après la sortie du premier ordinateur personnel de Commodore, le PET. (fr) The VIC-20 (known as the VC-20 in Germany and the VIC-1001 in Japan) is an 8-bit home computer that was sold by Commodore Business Machines. The VIC-20 was announced in 1980, roughly three years after Commodore's first personal computer, the PET. The VIC-20 was the first computer of any description to sell one million units. It was described as "one of the first anti-spectatorial, non-esoteric computers by design...no longer relegated to hobbyist/enthusiasts or those with money, the computer Commodore developed was the computer of the future." The VIC-20 was called VC-20 in Germany because the pronunciation of VIC with a German accent sounds like the German expletives "fick" or "wichsen". The term VC was marketed as though it were an abbreviation of VolksComputer ("people's computer," similar to Volkswagen and Volksempfänger). (en) Il Commodore VIC-20 o Commodore VIC 20 (in Giappone: Commodore VIC-1001; in Germania: Commodore VC 20) è un home computer della Commodore Business Machines Inc., prodotto e commercializzato dall'ottobre 1980 al gennaio 1985. Fu proposto come home computer per la famiglia e per il gioco ed ebbe un grande successo di vendite, migliorato solo dal successivo Commodore 64. (it) VIC-1001（ビック-1001）はコモドールジャパンが1980年12月に日本で発売した8ビットの家庭用パーソナルコンピュータである。海外での製品名はVIC-20。 コモドールの最初のパーソナルコンピューターであるPET 2001から3年後、1980年6月にVIC-20としてリリースされた。5KバイトRAMとモステクノロジー6502マイクロプロセッサーを搭載し、後のコモドール64などと似た形状である。 (ja) De Commodore VIC-20 was de voorloper van de Commodore 64 en als zodanig een van de eerste homecomputers. De VIC-20 kwam in 1981 op de markt, en was de eerste computer waarvan er een miljoen exemplaren zijn verkocht. Het acroniem VIC staat voor Video Interface Chip. (nl) Commodore VIC-20 (w Niemczech VC20, w Japonii VIC-1001) – komputer domowy produkowany przez firmę Commodore, posiadający 5 kB pamięci RAM i procesor MOS 6502. Jest pierwszym komputerem domowym, którego liczba sprzedanych sztuk wyniosła ponad milion egzemplarzy (w sumie sprzedano ponad 2,5 miliona jednostek). (pl) VIC-20 var Commodores första riktiga hemdator. VIC-20 började säljas i Sverige 1981. I Japan såldes den under namnet VIC-1001. Namnet VIC (Video Interface Computer) kom av grafikchipet i datorn, Video Interface Chip. Detta chip innehöll även datorns ljudkrets. 20 står inte för antalet kilobyte RAM-minne vilket annars var vanligt under hemdatortiden, utan VIC-20 har 5 kB RAM-minne varav 3,5 kB är tillgängligt för program i BASIC-språket (exakt 3583 bytes). Processorn är i princip likadan som i efterföljaren Commodore 64. Se VIC-20 minneskarta. Bill Seiler var en av personerna som medverkande till utvecklandet av VIC-20. Michael Tomczyk medverkade till att man under utvecklingen prioriterade ett lågt pris och användarvänlighet. Modellen blev en storsäljare, och var den första datorn att säljas i en miljon exemplar, och det bara efter ett års produktion - att jämföras med Apple II som först efter över 5 år kom upp i en miljon sålda exemplar. VIC-20 konkurrerade främst med Sinclairs ZX81 samt Apple II tills efterföljaren Commodore 64 dök upp 1982 och dominerade marknaden. I en annons i Aftonbladet julen 1983 säljs VIC-20 för 1995 kronor från Handic Electronic AB. Till det priset ingick inte bandspelare som användes för lagring av datorprogram. (sv) O VIC-20 (Alemanha: VC-20; Japão: VIC-1001) é um computador doméstico de 8 bits. Ele foi construído pela Commodore Business Machines, com 5 KB de RAM e uma UCP MOS Technology 6502. O design exterior da máquina foi posteriormente aproveitado no Commodore 64 e C16. O VIC-20 foi lançado no Japão em 1980 e nos Estados Unidos e Europa em 1981, cerca de três anos após o lançamento do primeiro computador pessoal da Commodore, o PET. (pt) Commodore VIC-20 (в Германии: VC-20; в Японии: VIC-1001) — 8-битный домашний компьютер, выпускавшийся компанией Commodore Business Machines. VIC-20 был анонсирован в июне 1980, примерно через три года после выпуска Commodore PET. Это первый в мире компьютер, продажи которого превысили миллион экземпляров. Всего было реализовано более 2,5 миллионов компьютеров этой модели. В ходе конкурентной борьбы цена упала с 299,95до299,95 до 299,95до55 (ниже себестоимости), но это с лихвой окупалось за счёт продаж программного обеспечения и аксессуаров. (ru) Commodore VIC-20 (у Німеччині: VC-20; в Японії: VIC-1001) — 8-розрядний домашній комп'ютер, який випускала компанія Commodore Business Machines. VIC-20 анонсовано в червні 1980 року, приблизно за три роки після випуску Commodore PET. Це перший у світі комп'ютер, продаж якого перевищив 1 млн примірників. Усього було реалізовано понад 2,5 млн комп'ютерів цієї моделі. У ході конкурентної боротьби ціна впала від 299,95до299,95 до 299,95до55 (нижче від собівартості), але це з лишком окупилося завдяки продажу програмного забезпечення та аксесуарів. (uk) |
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| dbo:type | dbr:Home_computer |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://cbm.6502.org/etexts-vc-name.en.html http://www.zimmers.net/cbmpics/cbm/vic/memorymap.txt%7Cdate=19 https://archive.org/details/Mastering_the_VIC-20%7Cquote=Mastering https://archive.org/details/the-home-computer-wars%7Cquote=The https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1983-01/1983_01_BYTE_08-01_Looking_Ahead%23page/n231/mode/2up https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1983-02/1983_02_BYTE_08-02_Standards%23page/n119/mode/2up https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1983-03/1983_03_BYTE_08-03_Mass_Storage%23page/n35/mode/2up https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1983-04/1983_04_BYTE_08-04_New_Chips%23page/n261/mode/2up https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1983-05/1983_05_BYTE_08-05_The_Electronic_Office%23page/n331/mode/2up https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=17BFAAAACAAJ&q=On+The+Edge:+The+Spectacular+Rise+and+Fall+of+Commodore%7Caccess-date=2009-04-20%7Cyear=2005%7Cisbn=0-9738649-0-7 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=_c1QAAAAMAAJ&q=VIC+20+Programmer%27s+reference+guide%7Caccess-date=2009-04-20%7Cyear=1982%7Cpublisher=Commodore https://web.archive.org/web/20090202120102/http:/old-computers.com/MUSEUM/computer.asp%3Fc=252 https://www.academia.edu/34293396 |
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| dbp:display | Commodore 1701 (en) |
| dbp:graphics | VIC 176 x 184 3-bpp (en) |
| dbp:input | Tape, floppy disk, cartridge (en) |
| dbp:lifespan | 1.57788E8 |
| dbp:logo | Commodore VIC 20 logo.svg (en) |
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| dbp:memory | 3.500000 (xsd:double) 5 (xsd:integer) 20 (xsd:integer) (en) + (en) |
| dbp:name | VIC-20 (en) |
| dbp:os | (en) Commodore BASIC 2.0 (en) Commodore KERNAL (en) |
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| dbp:releasedate | 1980 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:sound | 3 (xsd:integer) |
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| rdfs:comment | El VIC-20 (acrònim per a Video Interface Chip; Alemanya: VC-20; Japó: VIC-1001) va ser un microordinador de 8 bits llançat el 1981 per la Commodore Business Machines. Va ser anunciat el 1980, més o menys tres anys després del PET, primer ordinador personal de Commodore. El VIC-20 va ser el primer microordinador a vendre un milió d'unitats. (ca) Ο Commodore VIC-20 ήταν από τους πρώτους οικιακούς υπολογιστές 8-bit, που παρουσιάστηκαν από την Commodore στις αρχές της δεκαετίας του ´80. Η παρουσίαση του έγινε τρία χρόνια μετά την αρχική κυκλοφορία του προηγούμενου μοντέλου με το όνομα PET και οι πωλήσεις του έφτασαν τα 1.000.000 κομμάτια. Το όνομα VIC το πήρε από το ενσωματωμένο κύκλωμα γραφικών και ήχου VIC-I (6560) που διέθετε. Η έμφαση στα γραφικά και στον ήχο ήταν και το βασικό του πλεονέκτημα σε σχέση με τον προκάτοχό του. Ενδεικτικά οι ανταγωνιστές του την εποχή εκείνη ήταν στις ΗΠΑ, ο , ο Apple II, ο , ο Atari 400 και στην Ευρώπη ο Sinclair ZX81. Η αρχική τιμή πώλησης του το 1981 στις ΗΠΑ ήταν 299 δολάρια. Στη Γερμανία κυκλοφόρησε ως VC-20 και στην Ιαπωνία ως VIC-1001. Τον διαδέχτηκε ο Commodore 64. (el) El Commodore VIC-20 (Commodore VC20 en Alemania, VIC-1001 en Japón) fue un ordenador doméstico de 8 bits fabricado y diseñado por Commodore Business Machines con 5 KB de RAM y una CPU MOS 6502. Tenía una forma similar al Commodore 64 y el C16, que fueron comercializados posteriormente. El VIC-20 fue lanzado en junio de 1980, cerca de 3 años después del primer computador personal de Commodore, el PET. (es) Le VIC-20 est un ordinateur personnel 8 bits qui était construit par Commodore International avec 5 ko de RAM (dont 3,5 ko pour les applications BASIC) et une unité centrale basée sur un processeur MOS 6502. Il ressemblait à ses successeurs le C64 et le C16. Le VIC-20 apparut en juin 1980, 2 ans et 9 mois après la sortie du premier ordinateur personnel de Commodore, le PET. (fr) Il Commodore VIC-20 o Commodore VIC 20 (in Giappone: Commodore VIC-1001; in Germania: Commodore VC 20) è un home computer della Commodore Business Machines Inc., prodotto e commercializzato dall'ottobre 1980 al gennaio 1985. Fu proposto come home computer per la famiglia e per il gioco ed ebbe un grande successo di vendite, migliorato solo dal successivo Commodore 64. (it) VIC-1001（ビック-1001）はコモドールジャパンが1980年12月に日本で発売した8ビットの家庭用パーソナルコンピュータである。海外での製品名はVIC-20。 コモドールの最初のパーソナルコンピューターであるPET 2001から3年後、1980年6月にVIC-20としてリリースされた。5KバイトRAMとモステクノロジー6502マイクロプロセッサーを搭載し、後のコモドール64などと似た形状である。 (ja) De Commodore VIC-20 was de voorloper van de Commodore 64 en als zodanig een van de eerste homecomputers. De VIC-20 kwam in 1981 op de markt, en was de eerste computer waarvan er een miljoen exemplaren zijn verkocht. Het acroniem VIC staat voor Video Interface Chip. (nl) Commodore VIC-20 (w Niemczech VC20, w Japonii VIC-1001) – komputer domowy produkowany przez firmę Commodore, posiadający 5 kB pamięci RAM i procesor MOS 6502. Jest pierwszym komputerem domowym, którego liczba sprzedanych sztuk wyniosła ponad milion egzemplarzy (w sumie sprzedano ponad 2,5 miliona jednostek). (pl) O VIC-20 (Alemanha: VC-20; Japão: VIC-1001) é um computador doméstico de 8 bits. Ele foi construído pela Commodore Business Machines, com 5 KB de RAM e uma UCP MOS Technology 6502. O design exterior da máquina foi posteriormente aproveitado no Commodore 64 e C16. O VIC-20 foi lançado no Japão em 1980 e nos Estados Unidos e Europa em 1981, cerca de três anos após o lançamento do primeiro computador pessoal da Commodore, o PET. (pt) Commodore VIC-20 (в Германии: VC-20; в Японии: VIC-1001) — 8-битный домашний компьютер, выпускавшийся компанией Commodore Business Machines. VIC-20 был анонсирован в июне 1980, примерно через три года после выпуска Commodore PET. Это первый в мире компьютер, продажи которого превысили миллион экземпляров. Всего было реализовано более 2,5 миллионов компьютеров этой модели. В ходе конкурентной борьбы цена упала с 299,95до299,95 до 299,95до55 (ниже себестоимости), но это с лихвой окупалось за счёт продаж программного обеспечения и аксессуаров. (ru) Commodore VIC-20 (у Німеччині: VC-20; в Японії: VIC-1001) — 8-розрядний домашній комп'ютер, який випускала компанія Commodore Business Machines. VIC-20 анонсовано в червні 1980 року, приблизно за три роки після випуску Commodore PET. Це перший у світі комп'ютер, продаж якого перевищив 1 млн примірників. Усього було реалізовано понад 2,5 млн комп'ютерів цієї моделі. У ході конкурентної боротьби ціна впала від 299,95до299,95 до 299,95до55 (нижче від собівартості), але це з лишком окупилося завдяки продажу програмного забезпечення та аксесуарів. (uk) Der erste Heimcomputer des US-amerikanischen Unternehmens Commodore International hatte im September 1980 in Japan als Commodore VIC 1001 seine Premiere. Ab März 1981 war er auch in den USA – dort aber unter der Bezeichnung Commodore VIC 20 – erhältlich, im Oktober kamen weitere Absatzmärkte hinzu. Auf Betreiben von Commodores deutscher Niederlassung waren die für den westdeutschen Markt bestimmten Geräte zuvor in Commodore VC 20 umbenannt worden. Der Computer basiert auf dem Mikroprozessor MOS 6502. (de) VIC-20(VC-20 di Jerman, dan VC-1001 di Jepang) adalah komputer rumahan 8-bit yang diperdagangkan oleh Commodore Business Machine(CBM). VIC-20 diluncurkan pada tahun 1980, yaitu sekiranya 3 tahun setelah peluncuran komputer pertama Commodore, Commodore PET. VIC-20 adalah komputer pertama dari golongan mikrokomputer yang berhasil mencapai angka penjualan hingga 1 juta unit. (in) The VIC-20 (known as the VC-20 in Germany and the VIC-1001 in Japan) is an 8-bit home computer that was sold by Commodore Business Machines. The VIC-20 was announced in 1980, roughly three years after Commodore's first personal computer, the PET. The VIC-20 was the first computer of any description to sell one million units. It was described as "one of the first anti-spectatorial, non-esoteric computers by design...no longer relegated to hobbyist/enthusiasts or those with money, the computer Commodore developed was the computer of the future." (en) VIC-20 var Commodores första riktiga hemdator. VIC-20 började säljas i Sverige 1981. I Japan såldes den under namnet VIC-1001. Namnet VIC (Video Interface Computer) kom av grafikchipet i datorn, Video Interface Chip. Detta chip innehöll även datorns ljudkrets. 20 står inte för antalet kilobyte RAM-minne vilket annars var vanligt under hemdatortiden, utan VIC-20 har 5 kB RAM-minne varav 3,5 kB är tillgängligt för program i BASIC-språket (exakt 3583 bytes). Processorn är i princip likadan som i efterföljaren Commodore 64. Se VIC-20 minneskarta. Bill Seiler var en av personerna som medverkande till utvecklandet av VIC-20. Michael Tomczyk medverkade till att man under utvecklingen prioriterade ett lågt pris och användarvänlighet. Modellen blev en storsäljare, och var den första datorn att sälj (sv) |
| rdfs:label | VIC-20 (en) Commodore VIC-20 (ca) Commodore VIC 1001, VIC 20, VC 20 (de) Commodore VIC-20 (el) Commodore VIC-20 (es) Commodore VIC-20 (in) Commodore VIC-20 (fr) Commodore VIC-20 (it) VIC-1001 (ja) Commodore VIC-20 (nl) Commodore VIC-20 (pl) Commodore VIC-20 (pt) Commodore VIC-20 (ru) Commodore VIC-20 (sv) Commodore VIC-20 (uk) |
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