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Ein Writ in Acceleration, gemeinhin als Writ of Acceleration bekannt, zu deutsch Schreiben der Beschleunigung, war eine Unterart eines Writ of Summons, welcher es dem sicheren Titelerben (Heir Apparent) eines Inhabers mehrerer Peerstitel ermöglichte, unter einem nachgeordneten Titel seines Vaters Mitglied im englischen, später britischen House of Lords oder irischen House of Lords zu werden. Dieses Verfahren ermöglichte es das Durchschnittsalter des House of Lords zu senken und die Anzahl der fähigen Mitglieder, welche sich anfangs nur aus mehreren Dutzend Familien, später einigen hundert Familien, speiste, zu erhöhen ohne die effektive Größe der Peerage zu erhöhen und damit die Exklusivität der Adelstitel zu verwässern. Das Verfahren der Writs of Acceleration wurde von König Eduard IV. 1482 eingeführt. Das Verfahren wurde nur selten, insgesamt 98 Mal in den über 400 Jahren angewendet. Das bislang letzte Writ of Acceleration wurde 1992 für den Politiker der Conservative Party und engen Mitarbeiter des Premierministers John Major, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Viscount Cranborne, den ältesten Sohn und Heir Apparent des Marquess of Salisbury ausgestellt. Er wurde mit dem väterlichen nachgeordneten Titel eines Baron Cecil, of Essendon in the County of Rutland, und nicht mit dem Höflichkeitstitel des Viscount Cranborne berufen. Das Verfahren wurde mit dem House of Lords Act 1999 abgeschafft, da das Recht der erblichen Peers auf einen Sitz im House of Lords entfiel. (de) A writ in acceleration, commonly called a writ of acceleration, is a type of writ of summons that enabled the eldest son and heir apparent of a peer with more than one peerage to attend the British or Irish House of Lords, using one of his father's subsidiary titles, during his father's lifetime. This procedure could be used to bring younger men into the Lords and increase the number of capable members in a house that drew on a very small pool of talent (a few dozen families in its early centuries, a few hundred in its later centuries). The procedure of writs of acceleration was introduced by King Edward IV in the mid 15th century. It was a fairly rare occurrence, and in over 400 years only 98 writs of acceleration were issued. The last such writ of acceleration was issued in 1992 to the Conservative politician and close political associate of John Major, Viscount Cranborne, the eldest son and heir apparent of the 6th Marquess of Salisbury. He was summoned as Baron Cecil, and not as Viscount Cranborne, the title he used by courtesy. The procedure of writs of acceleration has not been used in practice since the House of Lords Act 1999 removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords. (en) 繰上勅書 (くりあげちょくしょ、繰上召集令状ともいう、Writ of acceleration) とは、複数の爵位を保有する貴族の長男で法定推定相続人である者が、父親の（英語: subsidiary title）を利用して、イギリスまたはアイルランドの貴族院に出席することができるようにする議会召集令状（英語: writ of summons）の一つである。この手法は権威のある爵位の数を増やさず、また高貴な爵位の持つ様々な独占権を弱めないで、非常に少数の選択肢 (始めの数世紀は数十の家系、その後の数世紀は数百の家系) から選ばれていた議員の平均年齢を下げ、有能なメンバーを増やすことを可能にした。 繰上勅書という制度は15世紀半ば、エドワード4世により導入された。これは極めて珍しい手法であり、400年以上の間で実施されたのはわずか98回である。最後の繰上勅書は、イギリス保守党の政治家でジョン・メージャーの盟友であるクランボーン子爵ロバート・ガスコイン＝セシル (第6代ソールズベリー侯爵ロバート・ガスコイン＝セシルの長男で相続人) に対し1992年に発行された。彼は父親のであるエッセンドンのセシル男爵位により召集されたのであり、儀礼称号として使っていたクランボーン子爵として召集されたわけではなかった。 繰上勅書の制度は1999年貴族院法で、世襲貴族が自動的に貴族院議員となることができる権利とともに廃止された。 (ja) Con il termine writ of acceleration (citazione di accelerazione) si intende un tipo di elevazione propria della Camera dei Lord inglese che consente al figlio maggiore ed erede legittimo di un Pari con più titoli di parìa di entrare a fare parte della Camera dei Lord britannica o irlandese utilizzando uno dei titoli sussidiari del padre. Questa procedura può essere utilizzata per abbassare l'età media dei membri della Camera e nel contempo incrementare il numero di membri abili a governare senza aumentare per questo il numero dei membri della Camera dei Lord e riducendo l'esclusività dei titoli nobiliari. La procedura del writ of acceleration venne introdotta da re Edoardo IV a metà del XV secolo. La procedura è a ogni modo un caso molto raro e in quattrocento anni di presenza ne sono stati realizzati solo novantotto. L'ultimo di questi venne decretato nel 1992 per il politico conservatore Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, visconte Cranborne, figlio maggiore e legittimo erede di Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, VI marchese di Salisbury. Egli ottenne la baronìa minore del padre e il titolo quindi di Barone Cecil di Essendon e non il suo titolo di cortesia di Visconte Cranborne. La procedura degli writ of acceleration venne abolita da una legge varata dalla Camera dei lord stessa nel 1999 assieme al diritto automatico per i pari ereditari di sedere nella Camera dei lord. (it) |
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Ein Writ in Acceleration, gemeinhin als Writ of Acceleration bekannt, zu deutsch Schreiben der Beschleunigung, war eine Unterart eines Writ of Summons, welcher es dem sicheren Titelerben (Heir Apparent) eines Inhabers mehrerer Peerstitel ermöglichte, unter einem nachgeordneten Titel seines Vaters Mitglied im englischen, später britischen House of Lords oder irischen House of Lords zu werden. Dieses Verfahren ermöglichte es das Durchschnittsalter des House of Lords zu senken und die Anzahl der fähigen Mitglieder, welche sich anfangs nur aus mehreren Dutzend Familien, später einigen hundert Familien, speiste, zu erhöhen ohne die effektive Größe der Peerage zu erhöhen und damit die Exklusivität der Adelstitel zu verwässern. (de) A writ in acceleration, commonly called a writ of acceleration, is a type of writ of summons that enabled the eldest son and heir apparent of a peer with more than one peerage to attend the British or Irish House of Lords, using one of his father's subsidiary titles, during his father's lifetime. This procedure could be used to bring younger men into the Lords and increase the number of capable members in a house that drew on a very small pool of talent (a few dozen families in its early centuries, a few hundred in its later centuries). (en) Con il termine writ of acceleration (citazione di accelerazione) si intende un tipo di elevazione propria della Camera dei Lord inglese che consente al figlio maggiore ed erede legittimo di un Pari con più titoli di parìa di entrare a fare parte della Camera dei Lord britannica o irlandese utilizzando uno dei titoli sussidiari del padre. Questa procedura può essere utilizzata per abbassare l'età media dei membri della Camera e nel contempo incrementare il numero di membri abili a governare senza aumentare per questo il numero dei membri della Camera dei Lord e riducendo l'esclusività dei titoli nobiliari. (it) 繰上勅書 (くりあげちょくしょ、繰上召集令状ともいう、Writ of acceleration) とは、複数の爵位を保有する貴族の長男で法定推定相続人である者が、父親の（英語: subsidiary title）を利用して、イギリスまたはアイルランドの貴族院に出席することができるようにする議会召集令状（英語: writ of summons）の一つである。この手法は権威のある爵位の数を増やさず、また高貴な爵位の持つ様々な独占権を弱めないで、非常に少数の選択肢 (始めの数世紀は数十の家系、その後の数世紀は数百の家系) から選ばれていた議員の平均年齢を下げ、有能なメンバーを増やすことを可能にした。 繰上勅書という制度は15世紀半ば、エドワード4世により導入された。これは極めて珍しい手法であり、400年以上の間で実施されたのはわずか98回である。最後の繰上勅書は、イギリス保守党の政治家でジョン・メージャーの盟友であるクランボーン子爵ロバート・ガスコイン＝セシル (第6代ソールズベリー侯爵ロバート・ガスコイン＝セシルの長男で相続人) に対し1992年に発行された。彼は父親のであるエッセンドンのセシル男爵位により召集されたのであり、儀礼称号として使っていたクランボーン子爵として召集されたわけではなかった。 (ja) |
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Writ of Acceleration (de) Writ of acceleration (it) 繰上勅書 (ja) Writ of acceleration (en) |
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| is foaf:primaryTopic of |
wikipedia-en:Writ_of_acceleration |
