Pseudobrookite (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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About PseudobrookiteHide

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Colour:

Brownish black, reddish brown, or black

Lustre:

Adamantine, Greasy, Metallic

Specific Gravity:

4.33 - 4.39

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Name:

From the Greek ψευδής, false, and brookite since its resemblance to brookite is misleading.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3302:8

IMA Classification of PseudobrookiteHide

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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA status notes:

Redefined by the IMA

Approval history:

Redefined 1988 s.p.: Bowles (1988).

Type description reference:

Classification of PseudobrookiteHide

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4.CB.15

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations

7.7.1.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
7 : AB2X5

7.9.16

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol Source Reference
Pbrk IMA–CNMNC Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Psb Whitney & Evans (2010) Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371

Physical Properties of PseudobrookiteHide

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Adamantine, Greasy, Metallic

Transparency:

Transparent, Opaque

Comment:

Greasy on fractures, may be tarnished iridescent

Colour:

Brownish black, reddish brown, or black

Streak:

Reddish brown to ocher-yellow

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
On {010} distinct

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal

Density:

4.33 - 4.39 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.39 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of PseudobrookiteHide

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RI values:

_n_α = 2.350 - 2.380 _n_β = 2.360 - 2.390 _n_γ = 2.380 - 2.420

2V:

Measured: 50° , Calculated: 80°

δ = 0.030 - 0.040

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Optical Extinction:

Y = a; Z = c; X ∧ a = 26°.

Reflectivity:

Wavelength R1 R2
400nm 22.8% 24.0%
420nm 21.9% 23.1%
440nm 21.2% 22.3%
460nm 20.5% 21.4%
480nm 19.8% 20.7%
500nm 19.4% 20.4%
520nm 19.0% 19.9%
540nm 18.5% 19.3%
560nm 18.1% 18.8%
580nm 17.8% 18.5%
600nm 17.5% 18.1%
620nm 17.3% 17.9%
640nm 17.1% 17.7%
660nm 17.0% 17.6%
680nm 16.8% 17.4%
700nm 16.7% 17.3%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 24.0%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red

Chemistry of PseudobrookiteHide

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Crystallography of PseudobrookiteHide

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Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) - Dipyramidal

Cell Parameters:

a = 9.7965(25) Å, b = 9.9805(25) Å, c = 3.7301(1) Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.982 : 1 : 0.374

Unit Cell V:

364.71 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Crystals usually tabular {100} and elongated [001]; long prismatic at times or needle-like [001]. {100} and {hk0} striated [001].

Twinning:

Reported on various {hk0} planes (doubtful).

Comment:

Space Group: Bbmm

Crystallographic forms of PseudobrookiteHide

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Crystal Atlas:

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ID Species Reference Link Year Locality Pressure (GPa) Temp (K)
0002073 Pseudobrookite Yang H, Hazen R M (1999) Comparative high-pressure crystal chemistry of karrooite, MgTi2O5, with different ordering states American Mineralogist 84 130-137 1999 0 293
0002074 Pseudobrookite Yang H, Hazen R M (1999) Comparative high-pressure crystal chemistry of karrooite, MgTi2O5, with different ordering states American Mineralogist 84 130-137 1999 1.03 293
0002075 Pseudobrookite Yang H, Hazen R M (1999) Comparative high-pressure crystal chemistry of karrooite, MgTi2O5, with different ordering states American Mineralogist 84 130-137 1999 2.16 293
0002076 Pseudobrookite Yang H, Hazen R M (1999) Comparative high-pressure crystal chemistry of karrooite, MgTi2O5, with different ordering states American Mineralogist 84 130-137 1999 3.22 293
0002077 Pseudobrookite Yang H, Hazen R M (1999) Comparative high-pressure crystal chemistry of karrooite, MgTi2O5, with different ordering states American Mineralogist 84 130-137 1999 4.34 293
0002078 Pseudobrookite Yang H, Hazen R M (1999) Comparative high-pressure crystal chemistry of karrooite, MgTi2O5, with different ordering states American Mineralogist 84 130-137 1999 6.2 293
0002079 Pseudobrookite Yang H, Hazen R M (1999) Comparative high-pressure crystal chemistry of karrooite, MgTi2O5, with different ordering states American Mineralogist 84 130-137 1999 7.51 293
0002080 Pseudobrookite Yang H, Hazen R M (1999) Comparative high-pressure crystal chemistry of karrooite, MgTi2O5, with different ordering states American Mineralogist 84 130-137 1999 0 293
0002081 Pseudobrookite Yang H, Hazen R M (1999) Comparative high-pressure crystal chemistry of karrooite, MgTi2O5, with different ordering states American Mineralogist 84 130-137 1999 1.03 293
0002082 Pseudobrookite Yang H, Hazen R M (1999) Comparative high-pressure crystal chemistry of karrooite, MgTi2O5, with different ordering states American Mineralogist 84 130-137 1999 2.16 293
0002083 Pseudobrookite Yang H, Hazen R M (1999) Comparative high-pressure crystal chemistry of karrooite, MgTi2O5, with different ordering states American Mineralogist 84 130-137 1999 3.22 293
0002084 Pseudobrookite Yang H, Hazen R M (1999) Comparative high-pressure crystal chemistry of karrooite, MgTi2O5, with different ordering states American Mineralogist 84 130-137 1999 4.34 293
0002085 Pseudobrookite Yang H, Hazen R M (1999) Comparative high-pressure crystal chemistry of karrooite, MgTi2O5, with different ordering states American Mineralogist 84 130-137 1999 6.2 293
0002086 Pseudobrookite Yang H, Hazen R M (1999) Comparative high-pressure crystal chemistry of karrooite, MgTi2O5, with different ordering states American Mineralogist 84 130-137 1999 7.51 293
0018179 Pseudobrookite Pauling L (1930) The crystal structure of pseudobrookite _cod_database_code 1011342 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 73 97-113 1930 0 293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

Epitaxial Relationships of PseudobrookiteHide

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Epitaxy Comments:

Pseudobrookite on hematite with pseudobrookite {121}[210] parallel to hematite {0001}[1100].
Pseudobrookite on magnetite with pseudobrookite {100}[001] parallel to magnetite {111}[110].
Oriented inclusions of rutile in pseudobrookite.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing Intensity
3.486 Å (100)
2.752 Å (77)
4.901 Å (42)
2.458 Å (23)
1.8657 Å (23)
2.407 Å (22)
1.9733 Å (22)

Comments:

Synthetic, ICDD 41-1432.

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Geological Setting:

Magmatic, post-volcanic or young volcanic rocks. Typically formed by pneumatolytic processes in titanium-rich andesite, rhyolite, basalt, etc., and by reactions with xenoliths within these; in lithophysae. Rarely in plutonic rocks.

Type Occurrence of PseudobrookiteHide

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Place of Conservation of Type Material:

No defined type material.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Other Language Names for PseudobrookiteHide

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Varieties of PseudobrookiteHide

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Relationship of Pseudobrookite to other SpeciesHide

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Other Members of Pseudobrookite Group:

Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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4.CB. Magnesiohögbomite-6N12S Mg5Al11TiO23(OH) Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m
4.CB. Oboniobite Mg4Nb2O9 Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : _P_3_c_1
4.CB. Ferrohögbomite-2N2S [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2 Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
4.CB. Zhenruite (MoO3)2 · H2O Mon. 2/m : _P_21/m
4.CB. Fuyuanite Mg7Nb6O18(OH)8 Trig. 3 : _P_3
4.CB. Virgilluethite MoO3 · H2O Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
4.CB. Pengite (Pb8Sb3+3)Σ11Sb5+9O35 Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m
4.CB.05 Brizziite NaSb5+O3 Trig. 3 : _R_3
4.CB.05 Tistarite Ti3+2O3 Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_c
4.CB.05 Hematite Fe2O3 Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_c
4.CB.05 Ecandrewsite ZnTiO3 Trig. 3 : _R_3
4.CB.05 Melanostibite Mn2+2Fe3+Sb5+O6 Trig. 3 : _R_3
4.CB.05 UM1998-11-O-AuHSb Au+2Sb3+O2(OH)
4.CB.05 Karelianite V3+2O3 Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_c
4.CB.05 Corundum Al2O3 Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_c
4.CB.05 Eskolaite Cr2O3 Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_c
4.CB.05 Geikielite MgTiO3 Trig. 3 : _R_3
4.CB.05 Akimotoite MgSiO3 Trig. 3 : _R_3
4.CB.05 Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide) FeCrO3 Trig. 3 : _R_3
4.CB.05 Auroantimonate AuSbO3
4.CB.05 Hemleyite (Fe2+0.48Mg0.37Ca0.04Na0.04Mn2+0.03Al0.03Cr3+0.01)sum=1.00Si1.00O3 Trig. 3 : _R_3
4.CB.05 Ilmenite Fe2+TiO3 Trig. 3 : _R_3
4.CB.05 Pyrophanite Mn2+TiO3 Trig. 3 : _R_3
4.CB.10 Bixbyite-(Fe) (Fe,Mn)2O3 Iso.
4.CB.10 Bixbyite-(Mn) Mn3+2O3 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : I _a_3
4.CB.10 Avicennite Tl2O3 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : I _a_3
4.CB.15 Armalcolite (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m )
4.CB.15 Ferropseudobrookite Fe2+Ti2O5 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : C m c m
4.CB.15 Griffinite Al2TiO5 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : C m c m
4.CB.15 Pseudobrookite Group
4.CB.15 Sassite Ti3+2Ti4+O5 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : C m c m
4.CB.20 Zincovelesite-6N6S Zn3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti)8O15(OH) Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : _P_3_m_1
4.CB.20 Magnesiohögbomite-2N4S (Mg8.43Fe2+1.57)sum=10Al22Ti4+2O46(OH)2 Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
4.CB.20 Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S (Mg6Al2)(Al18Fe3+2)O38(OH)2 Trig. 3_m_ : _P_3_m_1
4.CB.20 Zincohögbomite-2N6S [(Zn,Mg)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti)16O31(OH)]2 Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
4.CB.20 Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S [(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]6 Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m
4.CB.20 Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S [(Mg,Fe2+,Zn)4(Al,Ti,Fe3+)10O19(OH)]2 Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : P_31_m
4.CB.20 Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S [(Mg,Fe2+)3[Al7(Ti,Fe3+)]O15(OH)]2 Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
4.CB.20 Ferrohögbomite-6N12S [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6 Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m
4.CB.20 Zincohögbomite-2N2S [(Zn,Al,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+,Ti)8O15(OH)]2 Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
4.CB.25 Kleberite FeTi6O11(OH)5 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
4.CB.25 Pseudorutile Fe2Ti3O9 Hex. 622 : _P_6322
4.CB.30 Oxyvanite V3+2V4+O5 Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b
4.CB.30 Berdesinskiite V3+2TiO5 Mon.
4.CB.30 Kaitianite Ti3+2Ti4+O5 Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b
4.CB.35 Machiite Al2Ti3O9 Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b
4.CB.35 Vestaite (Ti4+Fe2+)Ti4+3O9 Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b
4.CB.35 Olkhonskite (Cr,V)2Ti3O9 Mon.
4.CB.35 Schreyerite V3+2Ti4+3O9 Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b
4.CB.40 Zincorinmanite-(Zn) Zn2Sb2(Fe3+4Zn2)O14(OH)2 Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
4.CB.40 Majindeite Mg2Mo3O8 Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
4.CB.40 Kamiokite Fe2Mo3O8 Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
4.CB.40 Nolanite V3+8Fe3+2O14(OH)2 Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
4.CB.40 Iseite Mn2Mo3O8 Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
4.CB.40 Rinmanite Zn2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2 Hex. 6 : _P_63
4.CB.45 Stibioclaudetite AsSbO3 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/m
4.CB.45 Claudetite As2O3 Mon. 2/m
4.CB.50 Senarmontite Sb2O3 Iso. m_3_m _(_4/_m_32/m ) : F d_3_m
4.CB.50 Arsenolite As2O3 Iso. m_3_m _(_4/_m_32/m ) : F d_3_m
4.CB.55 Valentinite Sb2O3 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P c c n
4.CB.60 Bismite Bi2O3 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
4.CB.65 Sphaerobismoite Bi2O3 Tet.
4.CB.70 Sillénite Bi12SiO20 Iso. 23 : _I_23
4.CB.75 Kyzylkumite V3+Ti2O5(OH) Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
4.CB.80 Tietaiyangite Fe3+4Fe2+TiO9 Hex.
4.CB.85 Liuite FeTiO3 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n m a
4.CB.90 Luogufengite Fe2O3 Orth. m _m_2 : P n _a_21
4.CB.95 Wangdaodeite FeTiO3 Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_c

Other InformationHide

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Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

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References for PseudobrookiteHide

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Reference List:

Åsbrink, Gudrun, Magnéli, Arne, Porok, J., Levstek, I., Eržen, V., Blinc, R., Paušak, S., Ehrenberg, L., Dumanović, J. (1967) X-Ray Studies on Some Mixed Oxide Systems of the Pseudobrookite Structure. Acta Chemica Scandinavica, 21. 1977 doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-1977

Teller, Raymond G., Antonio, Mark R., Grau, Alphonso E., Gueguin, Michel, Kostiner, Edward (1990) Structural analysis of metastable pseudobrookite ferrous titanium oxides with neutron diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 88. 334-350 doi:10.1016/0022-4596(90)90229-q

Teller, Raymond G., Antonio, Mark R., Grau, Alphonso E., Gueguin, Michel, Kostiner, Edward (1990) The chemistry of the thermal decomposition of pseudobrookite ferrous titanium oxides. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 88. 351-367 doi:10.1016/0022-4596(90)90230-u

Localities for PseudobrookiteHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Algeria
In Guezzam Province In Guezzam District Laouni ⓘ Laouni West intrusion J.P. Lorand and J.Y. Cottin
Australia
Victoria City of Greater Geelong Anakie ⓘ Mount Anakie W. D. Birch et al (in press)
ⓘ Eastern Hill Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection
ⓘ Middle Hill Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection
Moyne Shire Mortlake ⓘ Mount Shadwell Quarry U. Kolitsch (SXRD) +1 other reference
Austria
Burgenland Oberpullendorf District Markt Sankt Martin Pauliberg ⓘ Basalt quarry Schebesta (1983) +2 other references
Styria Leibnitz District Wildon Weitendorf ⓘ Basalt quarry Exel (1993)
Südoststeiermark District Bad Gleichenberg Wilhelmsdorf ⓘ Stradner Kogel Postl et al. (1996)
Klöch ⓘ Basalt quarry Postl et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Tyrol Lienz District Prägraten am Großvenediger Dorferbach valley ⓘ Dorf glacier ? Exel (1993)
Brazil
Paraná Foz do Iguaçu ⓘ Iguazu Falls Geological Survey Professional Paper 327 (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1959)
Bulgaria
Pazardzhik Province Panagyurishte Municipality Panagyurishte ⓘ Medet Mine Singer et al. (2008)
Chile
Atacama Huasco Province Freirina Sierra La Totora district ⓘ Agua del Medio quarry "Estudios geológico del sector de ... +2 other references
China
Shandong Linyi ⓘ Yimeng Mountains (Yimeng Shan) Lei Zhao (1991)
Czech Republic
Liberec Region ⓘ North Bohemian Uranium District Scharm +7 other references
Vysočina Region Třebíč District Kojetice ⓘ Kojetice metamanganolite occurrence Novák et al. (2007)
Denmark
ⓘ North Jutland Region Pedersen et al. (1975) +1 other reference
Finland
North Ostrobothnia Pudasjärvi ⓘ Rometölväs reef Karinen
France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Cantal Saint-Flour Albepierre-Bredons ⓘ Cunes quarry Fermis (2023)
Haute-Loire Le Puy-en-Velay Espaly-Saint-Marcel ⓘ Mont Denise Barrier D et al. (2004)
Le Brignon ⓘ Bizac volcano P & E Médard collection
Puy-de-Dôme Issoire Mazaye ⓘ Les Châtelaunoux quarry (Petit Chambois quarry) Philippe Rémy collection
Mont-Dore ⓘ Ravin des Chèvres (Rivaux Grands) A. Lacroix (1905) +1 other reference
Murol ⓘ Groire Queneau (n.d.)
ⓘ Tennis court outcrop Hède
Riom Saint-Ours-les-Roches ⓘ Puy de Lemptégy Vernay (1996)
ⓘ Puy de Ténuzet quarry Mboungou-Kongo (2002)
French Polynesia Society Islands Windward Islands Tahiti Island Papeete ⓘ Faataua River (Fautaua) COUREAU
French Southern and Antarctic Lands ⓘ Kerguelen Islands Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. et al. (1995)
Occitanie Aveyron Rodez Sévérac-d'Aveyron ⓘ Lapanouse-de-Sévérac slag locality Ł. Kruszewski EPMA/PXRD/Rietveld data +1 other reference
Hérault Béziers ⓘ Saint-Thibéry photo and collection Bernard Bouissac
Réunion Saint-Joseph ⓘ Remparts river Ko Jansen collection
Germany
Baden-Württemberg Karlsruhe Region Rhein-Neckar-Kreis Eberbach ⓘ Katzenbuckel Stähle et al. (2003)
ⓘ Michelsberg Quarry Stahle et al. (2002)
Bavaria Upper Palatinate Neustadt an der Waldnaab District Waidhaus ⓘ Hagendorf Dill (2009)
Hesse Kassel Region Schwalm-Eder Frielendorf Großropperhausen ⓘ Sterkelsberg Quarry Collection of Walter Göttler
Werra-Meißner Eschwege ⓘ Blaue Kuppe Belendorff (2005)
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Märkischer Kreis Iserlohn Letmathe Helmke quarry nature reserve ⓘ Genna zinc smelter slag locality Bender et al. (1994)
Cologne Aachen Stolberg ⓘ Binsfeldhammer lead smelter slag locality Blaß et al. (1995)
ⓘ Birkengang zinc smelter slag locality
ⓘ Münsterbusch zinc smelter slag locality International Association of Collectors of Slag Minerals (3)
Euskirchen Kall ⓘ Copper smelter slag locality Blaß et al. (1995)
Rhineland-Palatinate Ahrweiler Bad Breisig Brohl-Lützing ⓘ Leilenkopf Brauns
Brohltal Burgbrohl ⓘ Herchenberg quarry Hentschel (1983)
Wassenach ⓘ Kunkskopf quarry Hentschel (1975) +1 other reference
Bernkastel-Wittlich Wittlich-Land Bettenfeld ⓘ Mosenberg Weiß (1990)
Mayen-Koblenz Maifeld Ochtendung ⓘ Eiterköpfe quarry Weiß (1990)
ⓘ Karmelenberg quarry Weiß (1990)
ⓘ Langenberg quarry Personally collected by Günter Frenz
ⓘ Wannenköpfe Quarry Rondorf et al. (1988) +1 other reference
Mendig Bell ⓘ Rothenberg Quarry Hentschel (1975)
Mendig ⓘ In den Dellen quarries Blaß et al. (2003)
ⓘ Thelenberg
Wingertsberg ⓘ Pumice quarries
ⓘ Scoria quarry collection C.&H. Schäfer
Pellenz Kruft ⓘ Korretsberg Brauns
ⓘ Krufter Ofen
ⓘ Tönchesberg Leu (2017)
Nickenich ⓘ Nickenicher Sattel Hentschel (1975)
ⓘ Nickenicher Weinberg Hentschel (1983)
Vordereifel ⓘ Bellerberg volcano www.mindat.org (n.d.)
Ettringen ⓘ Caspar quarry Hentschel (1983)
Sankt Johann Hochsimmer volcano ⓘ Hochsimmer quarries Weiß (1990)
Vulkaneifel Daun Daun ⓘ Firmerich Hentschel (1987)
Oberstadtfeld ⓘ Kahlenberg Hentschel (1987)
Strohn ⓘ Wartgesberg Weiß (1990)
Üdersdorf ⓘ Emmelberg Schäfer
ⓘ Löhley Guth (2000)
Utzerath ⓘ Hummerich Weiß (1990)
Gerolstein Gerolstein Roth ⓘ Rother Kopf Blaß et al. (2012)
Hillesheim ⓘ Graulay quarry Hentschel (1993)
Niederbettingen ⓘ Wolfsbeul Hentschel (1987)
Hohenfels-Essingen ⓘ Feuerberg Collection of Bernd Ternes.
Oberbettingen ⓘ Lühwald Hentschel (1987)
Rockeskyll Rockeskyll volcanic complex ⓘ Mäuseberg quarry Hentschel (1987)
Walsdorf ⓘ Goßberg Hentschel (1987)
Kelberg Drees ⓘ Niveligsberg Schüller (1990)
Thuringia Greiz District Kauern ⓘ Lichtenberg Absetzer dump Witzke et al. (1998)
Schmalkalden-Meiningen District Dolmar-Salzbrücke Kühndorf ⓘ Großer Dolmar Schüller (1953)
Greece
Western Macedonia Grevena Grevena ⓘ Aetoraches Mine
Kozani Kozani ⓘ Rodiani ...
Hungary
Nógrád County Mátrakeresztes ⓘ Szalajkás Hill
Indian Ocean
ⓘ Dirck Hartog Ridge Maciąg et al. (2019)
Israel
Southern District Tamar Regional Council Hatrurim Basin ⓘ Aravaite type locality Britvin et al. (2021) +1 other reference
Har Parsa (Mt. Parsa) ⓘ Kahlenbergite occurrence Krüger et al. (2021)
Italy
Aosta Valley Bard ⓘ Plan d'Albard Wagner et al. (1985)
Campania Benevento Cusano Mutri ⓘ Regia Piana bauxite deposit Mondillo N. et al. (2011)
Metropolitan City of Naples Ercolano ⓘ Le Novelle Quarry Russo et al. (2011)
ⓘ Mount Vesuvius Russo et al. (2004)
ⓘ Ottaviano Matteo Chinellato collection
Sant'Anastasia ⓘ Lagno Amendolare Imma Punzo find and collection
Somma Vesuviana ⓘ Trapolino Quarry (Cava Nuova) Russo et al. (2004)
Lazio Viterbo Province Cellere ⓘ Monte di Cellere ? Burli et al. (2010)
ⓘ Montefiascone Bortolozzi (n.d.)
ⓘ Vetralla
ⓘ Fosso Ricomero Parodi et al. (1989)
ⓘ Pian di San Martino Signoretti et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Sardinia Oristano Province Marrubiu ⓘ Funtanafigu Quarry Conti-Vecchi et al. (1991)
ⓘ Zuarbara quarry Bortolozi G. (1986)
Sassari Province ⓘ Castelsardo Bortolozzi (n.d.)
Sicily Agrigento Province Pelagie Islands (Pelagian Islands) Lampedusa (Lampedusa Island) ⓘ Baia dei conigli Bortolozzi (n.d.)
Metropolitan City of Catania Biancavilla ⓘ Mt Calvario Gianfagna et al. (2001) +2 other references
Veneto Padova Province Vo' ⓘ Zovon Bortolozzi (n.d.)
Vicenza Province Altissimo ⓘ S.Caterina pass Boscardin M. et al. (2011)
Trissino ⓘ Faldo Mountain Daleffe et al. (2000)
ⓘ Contrada Righettini M. Boscardin (2002)
Japan
Fukushima Prefecture Sukagawa City Mt Uzumine (Utsumine) ⓘ Uzumine mine (Udumine mine; Uzumine pegmatite) Nakajima & Kurosawa (2006)
Mauritius
Black River District ⓘ Le Morne Brabant Georges Favreau collection
Mexico
Durango Coneto de Comonfort Municipality América-Sapioris District (Potrillos) Sierra de San Francisco Potrillos ⓘ Orozco Mine Panczner (1987)
Durango Municipality Victoria de Durango ⓘ Cerro de Mercado Mine "Rock-magnetism and ore microscopy of ...
Guanajuato San Felipe Municipality San Felipe ⓘ Santa Bárbara Mine Panczner (1987)
Mongolia
Dornogovi Province Erdene District ⓘ Khamaryn– Khural–Khiid combustion metamorphic complex Peretyazhko et al. (2024)
New Zealand
Bay of Plenty Region Rotorua District Mount Ngongotaha ⓘ Hendersons Quarry Martin Stolworthy Collection
Northland Region Kaipara District Aranga ⓘ Aranga Quarry (Stone's Quarry; Hood Road Quarry) Essence of Microscope
Tasman Region Collingwood ⓘ Parapara Inlet Quarry Challis et al. (1995) +1 other reference
Waikato Region Taupo District Atiamuri ⓘ Ongaroto Road Collection of RJ Martin correlated to ...
Lake Taupo ⓘ Whakaipo Bay Collection of RJ Martin
Poihipi Road ⓘ Roadcut Section Collection of RJ Martin correlated to ...
Nigeria
Bauchi Ningi Kalato ⓘ Tibchi complex Sakoma et al. (2002)
Norway
Telemark Bamble Havredal Midtre Havredal ⓘ Wagnerite Prospect Brøgger (1888) +1 other reference
Oman
Al Wusta Governorate Sayh al Uhaymir ⓘ Sayh al Uhaymir 290 meteorite Zhang et al. (2015)
Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Kłodzko County Gmina Nowa Ruda Przygórze Bolesław Mine ⓘ Przygórze heap ? Kruszewski et al. (Lower Silesian Coal Basin)
Portugal
Azores São Miguel ⓘ Água de Pau Volcano Sturla et al. (2020)
Ribeira Grande ⓘ Ruins of Lombadas syenite xenolith occurrence Sturla et al. (2020)
Faro Loulé ⓘ Salir Alves (n.d.)
Madeira Madeira Island Funchal São Martinho ⓘ Pico da Cruz Alves (n.d.)
Romania
Argeş County Stoenești Badeni Leaota Mtn ⓘ Undisclosed mining waste dump Udubasa et al. (2011)
Covasna County ⓘ Bixad Szakáll et al. (2010)
Hunedoara County Simeria ⓘ Uroi Hill (Arany Hill) (TL) Koch +3 other references
Russia
Buryatia Baunt District ⓘ Veseloe Doroshkevich et al. (2007)
Chelyabinsk Oblast ⓘ Chelyabinsk coal basin Cesnokov et al. (1998)
Kabardino-Balkaria Chereksky District ⓘ Kulham complex Kaigorodova (2017)
Kamchatka Krai Milkovsky District Tolbachik Volcanic field Great Fissure eruption (Main Fracture) Northern Breakthrough (North Breach) Second scoria cone ⓘ Arsenatnaya fumarole doi.org (n.d.) +2 other references
ⓘ Yadovitaya fumarole Pekov et al. (2012)
Murmansk Oblast Kovdorsky District ⓘ Kovdor Massif
Zabaykalsky Krai Kalarsky District ⓘ Katugin Ta-­Nb deposit Victor V. Sharygin analytycal data (2012)
Serbia
Central Serbia Pčinja District Preševo ⓘ Cer occurrence Kostić +3 other references
Slovakia
Prešov Region Vranov nad Topľou District Vechec ⓘ Vechec quarry Ďuďa
South Africa
Limpopo Mopani District Municipality Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality ⓘ Phalaborwa Cairncross et al. (1995)
Spain
Aragon Huesca Estopiñán del Castillo ⓘ Soriana Quarry B. Azambre et al. +1 other reference
Sopeira ⓘ Aulet B. Azambre et al. +1 other reference
Canary Islands Las Palmas Province Gran Canaria Las Palmas de Gran Canaria ⓘ Cantera de La Esfinge Personally collected in January 2013 +1 other reference
Lanzarote Tinajo ⓘ Tinguatòn Sauro et al. (2021) +2 other references
Cantabria Santa María de Cayón ⓘ Totero B. Azambre et al. +1 other reference
Castile-La Mancha Albacete Hellín Cancarix lamproite intrusion ⓘ Sierra de las Cabras Salvioli-Mariani et al. (1996)
Catalonia Lleida Alta Ribagorça El Pont de Suert ⓘ Unnamed diabase outcrop Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022)
Murcia Cartagena La Aljorra ⓘ La Aljorra Quarries Sevillan et al. (2009)
Jumilla ⓘ La Celia lamproite outcrops Nobel +11 other references
ⓘ Nuestra Señora del Carmen Mines Lewis (1883)
Taiwan
Taoyuan City Daxi district ⓘ Tsaolingshan volcano Chen et al. (2003) +1 other reference
Tanzania
Dodoma Region Kongwa District Kongwa ⓘ Mautia Hill McKie (1963)
UK
Northern Ireland Co. Antrim Cushendall ⓘ Tievebulliagh Agrell et al. (1958) +1 other reference
Scotland Argyll and Bute Isle of Mull Loch Scridain area ⓘ Pennycross sapphire occurrence (Sgeir an Fhèidh to Crois an Ollaimb) ? J.Ralph 2007
ⓘ Sithean Sluaigh Smith (1965) +1 other reference
Ukraine
Crimea Alushta ⓘ Ayu-Dag Mountain Spiridonov et al. (2019)
USA
Arizona ⓘ Greenlee County
Big Lue Mountains (Big Laue Mountain) ⓘ State highway 78 roadcuts Anthony et al. (1995)
Mohave County Cerbat Mountains Wallapai Mining District ⓘ Kingman Feldspar Mine (Kingman Feldspar Quarry) Dr. Robert Housley
Pima County Ajo Mining District Little Ajo Mountains ⓘ Phelps Dodge Corporation Well No. 1 Anthony et al. (1995)
Batamote Mountains ⓘ Batamote Crater Data provided by Janet Clifford
Pinal County Hayden ⓘ Ash Creek rhyolite White (1992)
Saddle Mountain Mining District Winkelman area Saddle Mountain area ⓘ Ash Creek White (1992) +1 other reference
Arkansas Hot Spring County ⓘ Magnet Cove George C. Branner (1927)
California Kern County Boron ⓘ Kramer Borate deposit Morgan et al. (1969) +3 other references
Los Angeles County Agoura Hills ⓘ Lobo Canyon R. Housley
San Bernardino County Trojan ⓘ Dish Hill Crater (Dish Hill; Siberia Hill; Siberia Hill Crater) MarekC
Ventura County Thousand Oaks ⓘ Rolling Oaks Drive DeVito (1992)
Colorado Chaffee County Nathrop ⓘ Ruby Mountain USGS Bull 1716C +1 other reference
Eagle County Gore Mountains ⓘ Piney Ridge Eckel et al. (1997)
Larimer County ⓘ Big Narrows area Eckel et al. (1997)
Park County ⓘ McGuire pegmatite (Lone Lode; Lonesome pegmatite) AmMin 84:754-763
Hawaii Kauai County ⓘ Kauai Island Johnston et al. (1984)
ⓘ Koloa Volcanic Series [var: Kennedyite] Johnston et al. (1985)
Montana Garfield County ⓘ Smoky Butte (Smoky Butte Lamproite) Velde (1975) +1 other reference
Nevada Lander County ⓘ Izenhood Mining District Fries +1 other reference
ⓘ Roosters Comb USGS Bulletin 931-1 +1 other reference
Pershing County Farrell Mining District ⓘ Unnamed Locality Walstrom (n.d.)
White Pine County ⓘ Robinson Mountain Tony Nikischer specimen
New Hampshire Grafton County ⓘ Lincoln Rice et al. (1971)
New Mexico Catron County ⓘ Old Horse Springs Northrop et al. (1996)
Taylor Creek Mining District Sawmill Creek ⓘ Unnamed prospects NMGS 37th Field Conference
ⓘ Squaw Creek Mine - (1989)
Grant County ⓘ Big Lue Mountains Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Coal Creek Ronald Gibbs
Sierra County ⓘ 74 Draw deposits Jerry Cone Collection
ⓘ Black Range Maxwell et al. (1986)
ⓘ Burro Ridge Henderson (1985)
Hillsboro Mining District Hillsboro ⓘ Warm Springs Canyon Steve Stuart collection- from giveaway ...
ⓘ Monticello Tin District Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Willow Springs Draw Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ New Mexico Highway 1 roadcut Gibbs (2013)
Paramount Canyon ⓘ Beryllium Virgin claim New Mexico rocks & minerals: the collecting guide (including maps) +2 other references
Sierra Cuchillo (Cuchillo Negro Mts) ⓘ Cuchillo Negro Mining District Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Taylor Creek Tin Mining District (Black Range Tin District) Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Willow Creek DeMark (1989) +1 other reference
Taos County No Agua Mining District ⓘ Brushy Mountain Ramon DeMark and Jessie Kline
ⓘ United Perlite Mine NMBMMR New Mexico Mineral symposium (2000)
Oregon Douglas County Diamond Lake ⓘ Lake Creek Quarry K. Starnes
ⓘ Lemolo Lake Henderson (1985)
ⓘ Lemolo Lake Quarry Don Howard and Kent England Micro Probe ...
Klamath County ⓘ Summit Rock Kleck. W. D. (1970)
Utah Beaver County ⓘ Mountain Spring Peak area Ream (1979)
ⓘ Ruby Violet claims Nassau et al. (1968)
Juab County ⓘ Thomas Range
ⓘ Cubic claim Foord et al. (1995)
ⓘ Eagles Nest Claim Collected by Joe Marty
Pismire Knolls ⓘ Lookout prospect Microprobe 7:9 pp 12-14
ⓘ Maynard's Mine Ream (1979) +1 other reference
ⓘ SK Star Claim #2
ⓘ Solar Wind claim Grüll (2014)
ⓘ Starvation Canyon Personally Collected by Dr. Scott ...
ⓘ Holfertite pit Rick Dalrymple Collection
ⓘ Red Beryl Pit Collected by and in the collection of ...
ⓘ Topaz Mountain Bullock (1981)
ⓘ The Cove (Topaz Valley) J. Holfert et al. (1996)
Millard County ⓘ Smelter Knolls Personally Collected by Dr. Scott ...
Piute County Marysvale Mining District ⓘ Unnamed Bixbyite occurrence Steve Rust collection
ⓘ Pine Canyon Mineralogical Magazine 1998 62 : 265-269
Wisconsin Marathon County Wausau Intrusive Complex Nine Mile pluton ⓘ Ladick Trucking & Excavating weathered granite quarry Buchholz et al. (2007)