Armalcolite (original) (raw)
A valid IMA mineral species
About ArmalcoliteHide
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Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in 1970 by A. T. Andersen, T. E. Bunch, Eugene N. Cameron, S. E. Haggery, F. R. Boyd, O. B. James, K. Keil, Marun Prinz, Paul Ramdohr, and A. El Goresy. This name is in honor of the first three astronauts who traveled to Earth's Moon. The name is an acronym derived from the last names of Neil Alden ARMstrong (b. 1930, d. 2012), Edwin Eugene ALdrin (b. 1930) and Michael COLlins (b. 1930), the Apollo 11 astronauts who collected the type samples.
Unique IdentifiersHide
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Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:341:0
b4349252-d46f-4b44-a7ef-ea886651fb02
IMA Classification of ArmalcoliteHide
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Type description reference:
Classification of ArmalcoliteHide
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4.CB.15
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
7.7.1.2
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
7 : AB2X5
7.9.21
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti
Mineral SymbolsHide
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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Arm | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Arm | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Physical Properties of ArmalcoliteHide
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Density:
4.94 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.64 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of ArmalcoliteHide
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Anisotropism:
Strong, pale grey to dark bluish gray
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
|---|---|---|
| 450 nm | 14.1% | 15.2% |
| 470 nm | 14.0% | 15.0% |
| 500 nm | 13.8% | 14.7% |
| 520 nm | 13.7% | 14.5% |
| 546 nm | 13.4% | 14.4% |
| 586 nm | 13.3% | 14.3% |
| 620 nm | 13.2% | 14.2% |
| 640 nm | 13.0% | 14.1% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 15.2%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Grey to tan
Chemistry of ArmalcoliteHide
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Mindat Formula:
(Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5
Crystallography of ArmalcoliteHide
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Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.743 Å, b = 10.023 Å, c = 3.738 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.972 : 1 : 0.373
Unit Cell V:
365.03 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Comment:
Space Group: Bbmm
Crystal StructureHide
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X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide
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Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.468 Å | (100) |
| 1.958 Å | (80) |
| 2.763 Å | (25) |
| 2.454 Å | (25) |
| 2.235 Å | (15) |
| 2.199 Å | (15) |
| 2.414 Å | (10) |
Comments:
Recorded on type material
Geological EnvironmentHide
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Geological Setting:
in salic volcanics; in ultramafic rocks, lamproites and kimberlites; in terrestrial impact craters; in inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites; rarely in granite pegmatites
Type Occurrence of ArmalcoliteHide
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General Appearance of Type Material:
subhedral to anhedral grains to 300 µm across
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Lunar Science Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
Geological Setting of Type Material:
in Ti-rich basalt and microbreccias of lunar samples, formed at low pressures and high temperatures
Reference:
Anderson, A.T., Bunch, T.E, Cameron, E.N, Haggerty, S.E., Boyd, F.R., Finger, L.W., James, O.B., Keil, K., Prinz, M., Ramdohr, P., El Goresy, A. (1970) Armalcolite, a new mineral from the Apollo 11 samples. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 34: Supplement 1: 55-63.
Other Language Names for ArmalcoliteHide
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Relationship of Armalcolite to other SpeciesHide
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Other Members of this group:
Common AssociatesHide
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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide
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| 4.CB. | Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2 | Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.CB. | Magnesiohögbomite-6N12S | Mg5Al11TiO23(OH) | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m |
| 4.CB. | Zhenruite | (MoO3)2 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/m |
| 4.CB. | Pengite | (Pb8Sb3+3)Σ11Sb5+9O35 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m |
| 4.CB. | Virgilluethite | MoO3 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b |
| 4.CB. | Oboniobite | Mg4Nb2O9 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : _P_3_c_1 |
| 4.CB.05 | Brizziite | NaSb5+O3 | Trig. 3 : _R_3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Corundum | Al2O3 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_c |
| 4.CB.05 | Ecandrewsite | ZnTiO3 | Trig. 3 : _R_3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Eskolaite | Cr2O3 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_c |
| 4.CB.05 | Geikielite | MgTiO3 | Trig. 3 : _R_3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Hematite | Fe2O3 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_c |
| 4.CB.05 | Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : _R_3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Karelianite | V3+2O3 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_c |
| 4.CB.05 | Melanostibite | Mn2+2Fe3+Sb5+O6 | Trig. 3 : _R_3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : _R_3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Akimotoite | (Mg,Fe2+)SiO3 | Trig. 3 : _R_3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Auroantimonate | AuSbO3 | |
| 4.CB.05 | UM1998-11-O-AuHSb | Au+2Sb3+O2(OH) | |
| 4.CB.05 | Tistarite | Ti3+2O3 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_c |
| 4.CB.05 | Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide) | FeCrO3 | Trig. 3 : _R_3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Hemleyite | (Fe2+0.48Mg0.37Ca0.04Na0.04Mn2+0.03Al0.03Cr3+0.01)sum=1.00Si1.00O3 | Trig. 3 : _R_3 |
| 4.CB.10 | Avicennite | Tl2O3 | Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : I _a_3 |
| 4.CB.10 | Bixbyite-(Mn) | Mn3+2O3 | Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : I _a_3 |
| 4.CB.10 | Bixbyite-(Fe) | (Fe,Mn)2O3 | Iso. |
| 4.CB.15 | Sassite | Ti3+2Ti4+O5 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : C m c m |
| 4.CB.15 | Pseudobrookite | Fe2TiO5 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) |
| 4.CB.15 | Ferropseudobrookite | Fe2+Ti2O5 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : C m c m |
| 4.CB.15 | Griffinite | Al2TiO5 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : C m c m |
| 4.CB.15 | Pseudobrookite Group | ||
| 4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N2S | [(Zn,Al,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+,Ti)8O15(OH)]2 | Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c |
| 4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N6S | [(Zn,Mg)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti)16O31(OH)]2 | Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]6 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S | [(Mg,Fe2+,Zn)4(Al,Ti,Fe3+)10O19(OH)]2 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : P_31_m |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3[Al7(Ti,Fe3+)]O15(OH)]2 | Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c |
| 4.CB.20 | Ferrohögbomite-6N12S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N4S | (Mg8.43Fe2+1.57)sum=10Al22Ti4+2O46(OH)2 | Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S | (Mg6Al2)(Al18Fe3+2)O38(OH)2 | Trig. 3_m_ : _P_3_m_1 |
| 4.CB.20 | Zincovelesite-6N6S | Zn3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti)8O15(OH) | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : _P_3_m_1 |
| 4.CB.25 | Pseudorutile | Fe2Ti3O9 | Hex. 622 : _P_6322 |
| 4.CB.25 | Kleberite | FeTi6O11(OH)5 | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b |
| 4.CB.30 | Berdesinskiite | V3+2TiO5 | Mon. |
| 4.CB.30 | Oxyvanite | V3+2V4+O5 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 4.CB.30 | Kaitianite | Ti3+2Ti4+O5 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 4.CB.35 | Olkhonskite | (Cr,V)2Ti3O9 | Mon. |
| 4.CB.35 | Schreyerite | V3+2Ti4+3O9 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 4.CB.35 | Machiite | Al2Ti3O9 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 4.CB.35 | Vestaite | (Ti4+Fe2+)Ti4+3O9 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 4.CB.40 | Kamiokite | Fe2Mo3O8 | Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c |
| 4.CB.40 | Nolanite | V3+8Fe3+2O14(OH)2 | Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c |
| 4.CB.40 | Rinmanite | Zn2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2 | Hex. 6 : _P_63 |
| 4.CB.40 | Iseite | Mn2Mo3O8 | Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c |
| 4.CB.40 | Majindeite | Mg2Mo3O8 | Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c |
| 4.CB.40 | Zincorinmanite-(Zn) | Zn2Sb2(Fe3+4Zn2)O14(OH)2 | Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c |
| 4.CB.45 | Claudetite | As2O3 | Mon. 2/m |
| 4.CB.45 | Stibioclaudetite | AsSbO3 | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/m |
| 4.CB.50 | Arsenolite | As2O3 | Iso. m_3_m _(_4/_m_32/m ) : F d_3_m |
| 4.CB.50 | Senarmontite | Sb2O3 | Iso. m_3_m _(_4/_m_32/m ) : F d_3_m |
| 4.CB.55 | Valentinite | Sb2O3 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P c c n |
| 4.CB.60 | Bismite | Bi2O3 | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b |
| 4.CB.65 | Sphaerobismoite | Bi2O3 | Tet. |
| 4.CB.70 | Sillénite | Bi12SiO20 | Iso. 23 : _I_23 |
| 4.CB.75 | Kyzylkumite | V3+Ti2O5(OH) | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b |
| 4.CB.80 | Tietaiyangite | Fe3+4Fe2+TiO9 | Hex. |
| 4.CB.85 | Liuite | FeTiO3 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n m a |
| 4.CB.90 | Luogufengite | Fe2O3 | Orth. m _m_2 : P n _a_21 |
| 4.CB.95 | Wangdaodeite | FeTiO3 | Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_c |
Other InformationHide
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Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Armalcolite in petrologyHide
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An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for ArmalcoliteHide
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References for ArmalcoliteHide
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Reference List:
Localities for ArmalcoliteHide
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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 
symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Locality ListHide
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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.