Omid Askari-Khorasgani | Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch (original) (raw)

Papers by Omid Askari-Khorasgani

Revista Chapingo. Serie: Horticultura, Apr 1, 2016

S cion-rootstock selection plays an important role in determining orchard performance. Pyrus comm... more S cion-rootstock selection plays an important role in determining orchard performance. Pyrus communis and Cydonia oblonga are the most widely cultivated rootstocks for European pear cultivars. The lack of rootstocks adapted to different edaphoclimatic conditions and scion cultivars is widely acknowledged in pear culture. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the growth characteristics and performance of the 'Shahmiveh' pear grafted onto six rootstocks including Quince A, B, C, BA29, 'Konjoni', and generative seedling. The experiment was conducted during two consecutive years, 2013-2014, at the Agricultural Research Center of Kabutarabad, Isfahan, Iran. The experimental design was based on a randomized complete block design including three replications of six trees each. The assessed variables were trunk diameter, current season shoot length, tree height, leaf dimensions, the number of flowers and abscised flowers, and also the number and percentage of fruit set. Cumulative data from a 7-to 8-year-old pear orchard showed that rootstock selection markedly influenced trunk diameters, current season shoot growth, leaf length, and fruit set of the endemic 'Shahmiveh' pear. The largest trunk diameters were obtained from the 'Konjuni' rootstock, whereas the highest current season shoot length was observed on the generative seedling. PQBA29 exhibited the largest leaf length, number of fruits per current season shoot, and percentage of fruit set, whereas Q. A rootstock had the second highest cropping efficiency. This experiment demonstrates the significantly higher performance and compatibility of PQBA29 as a rootstock for endemic 'Shahmiveh' pear in the arid condition of Iran. Resumen L a selección de vástago-portainjerto juega un papel importante en la determinación del rendimiento de la huerta. Pyrus communis y Cydonia oblonga son los portainjertos más empleados para cultivares de pera europeos. La carencia de portainjertos adaptados a diferentes condiciones edafoclimáticas y de cultivares de vástagos es ampliamente conocida en el cultivo de pera. Por ello, el presente estudio se diseñó para investigar las características de crecimiento y rendimiento de peras 'Shahmiveh' injertadas en seis portainjertos, incluyendo Quince (A, B, C y BA29), 'Konjoni' y plántula generativa. El experimento se realizó durante dos años consecutivos, 2013 y 2014, en Isfahán, Irán. El diseño experimental se basó en un diseño de bloques completamente al azar incluyendo tres repeticiones de seis árboles cada una. Las variables evaluadas fueron diámetro de tronco, longitud de brote de temporada actual, altura de árbol, dimensiones de hoja, número de flores en árbol y número de flores caídas, número y porcentaje de amarre de frutos. Los datos acumulativos de una huerta de perales de 7 a 8 años de edad mostraron que la selección del portainjerto influyó marcadamente en el diámetro de los troncos, el crecimiento de brotes de la temporada presente, la longitud foliar y el amarre de fruto de la pera endémica 'Shahmiveh'. Los diámetros de tronco más grandes fueron obtenidos del portainjerto 'Konjuni', mientras que la longitud más alta de brote de la temporada actual fue observada en la plántula generativa. El PQBA29 presentó la longitud de hoja, el número de frutos por brote de temporada actual, y el porcentaje de amarre de fruto, más altos; seguido por Q. A. Este experimento demostró el rendimiento y la compatibilidad significativamente más altos del PQBA29 como portainjerto para la pera endémica 'Shahmiveh', en las condiciones áridas de Irán.

Shallot is an economically important nutritive vegetable and medicinal plant belongs to Allium as... more Shallot is an economically important nutritive vegetable and medicinal plant belongs to Allium as the sole genus with over 900 species in the Allieae tribe, one of four tribes of subfamily Allioiideae subfamily of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. Allioiideae was formerly known as Alliaceae in a separate family.1‒5 Shallots are originated from Western Asia and worldwide with a weak geographically distribution are cultivated and in most cases widely grow in limited regions of few countries, largely in Asian countries. Shallots require specific edaphoclimatic conditions, i.e., in very cold to moderate cold regions at high elevations usually more than 1000 m above sea level, and precise agricultural management to overcome bulb and seed dormancy, and induce seed talk development and reproduce bulbs and true seeds.6‒11 Planted under suitable environmental condition and agricultural management, highquality true shallot seeds (TSS) have a high potential as alternative planting material. The advantages of using TSS include, unbulky and less expensive planting materials, easier transportation, long-term storage capacity, production of healthy bulbs free of pathogens and larger bulbs, a shorter period between planting to harvesting time (depending on plant species and genotypes and environmental conditions in field or greenhouse the growth cycles can be shorter or longer), and higher yield.12‒15 The most common fungal diseases infecting vegetatively (asexual) propagated shallot bulbs are Fusarium sp., Colletotrichumsp, and Alternaria sp.13 The common virus diseases include Shallot latent virus (SLV), member of genus Carlavirus, Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV), and Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), members of genus Potyvirus, and shallot mite-borne filamentous virus (ShMbFV; syn. Shallot virus X, ShVX), member of genus Allexivirus.16‒20 However, the lack of information on the breeding and selection of shallot populations capable of producing high seed yield and quality traits, and high viability are the main reasons of using bulbs as the planting materials.14 Besides the unavailability of high-quality seeds adapted to specific environmental conditions, high prices of planting materials of any kind at planting date, long distance transportation, and lack of knowledge of breeding shallots for TSS production, as well as low percentage of bolting and seed production rate are the main reasons that persuade farmers to storage seed bulbs for 3 to 5 months as the planting materials. Long-term bulb storage increases the incidence of various diseases, including viruses, fungi, and bacterial pathogens as well as nematodes and reduces farmers’ revenues.11,21 In this regard, to overcome these problems this review article aimed to evaluate the current information for producing high-quality TSS.

CRC Press eBooks, Aug 6, 2019

Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2017

Understanding how plants respond to salinity, which severely restricts plant growth, productivity... more Understanding how plants respond to salinity, which severely restricts plant growth, productivity, and survival, is highly important in agriculture. Using three genotypes of Matricaria recutita L. (Shiraz, Ahvaz, and Isfahan) with different sensitivity to NaCl, the effect of long-term (about 110 days) NaCl treatments (2.5, 6, 9, and 12 dS * m-1) on crop growth, oil quality and quantity, and nutrient variations were investigated to underpin its agricultural management in the future. The adaptation strategy and plant responses were influenced by salinity level, genotype, and genotype × salinity interactions. With higher productivity compared to the Isfahan genotype, the Shiraz and Ahvaz genotypes had efficient Na + exclusion at root surface as an avoidance strategy; however, under higher NaCl concentration, their higher performance were mainly attributed to the Na + sequestration in root vacuoles and higher Ca 2+ /Na + , Mg 2+ /Na + , and root/shoot ratios as tolerance strategies. The higher oil yield and chamazulene percentage in the Isfahan genotype were not affected by salinity level and were only genotype dependent. Under 12 dS*m-1 NaCl, roots of the Shiraz and Ahvaz genotypes accumulated markedly higher Ca 2+ (2.5% and 1.5% respectively) and Mg 2+ (1.6% and 1.3% respectively), required for membrane stability and chlorophyll synthesis, respectively, more than the Isfahan genotype (0.2% Ca and 0.1% Mg 2+) and considerably more than the control plants to keep low concentrations of ion toxicity of Na 2+ and Clin shoots. Overall, greater salt tolerance found in the Shiraz and Ahvaz genotypes could be due to a variety of mechanisms, including higher efficiency of nutrient uptake (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Zn 2+), utilization (N, P, Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+), compartmentation (Na in roots), and maintenance of higher root/shoot ratios. Taking flower and oil yield as well as chamazulene percentage into consideration, the findings recommended cultivation of the Ahvaz genotype in the absence of salt stress (by 1.18 g*plant-1 , 6.25 kg*ha-1 , and 12.54% respectively), the Isfahan genotype under 6 dS*m-1 NaCl (by 0.73 g*plant-1 , 4.84 kg*ha-1 , and 11.66% respectively), and the Shiraz genotype under high salinity of 9 and 12 dS*m-1 NaCl (by 0.68 g*plant-1 , 5.20 kg*ha-1 , and 13.46% respectively under 12 dS*m-1 NaCl).

Advances in Plants and Agriculture Research, Mar 6, 2018

Safety assessment of genetically modified crops for yield increase and resistance to both biotic ... more Safety assessment of genetically modified crops for yield increase and resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses and their impact on human and environment Item Type Article Authors Askari-Khorasgani, Omid; Pessarakli, Mohammad Citation Askari-Khorasgani, P., & Pessarakli, M. (2018). Safety assessment of genetically modified crops for yield increase and resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses and their impact on human and environment. Adv Plants Agric Res, 8(2), 109-112.

Journal of Plant Nutrition, Nov 3, 2017

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of salinity (2, 6, 9, and 12 dS m−1 sod... more ABSTRACT This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of salinity (2, 6, 9, and 12 dS m−1 sodium chloride (NaCl)) on three Iranian German chamomile genotypes (Shiraz, Ahvaz, and Isfahan). The Shiraz and Ahvaz genotypes, respectively, had the highest productivity and tolerance level, while the Isfahan was the less salt-tolerant genotype. In contrast to quantitative traits, the Isfahan genotype exhibited superior qualitative traits in terms of essential oil and chamazulene percentage. The differential responses to productivity and salt-resistance were attributed to the genetic variation, higher root to shoot ratios, and compartmentalization of sodium in roots of the Shiraz and Ahvaz genotypes, leading to better nutrient uptake and balance. While the nutrient composition was relatively in the same range for all genotypes, the higher accumulation of phosphorus in root and anthodia of the Shiraz genotype was evident. In addition, anthodia of the Ahvaz and root of the Shiraz genotype stored more nitrogen nutrient element.

Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2016

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) play a key role in regulating physiological and morphological deve... more Plant growth regulators (PGRs) play a key role in regulating physiological and morphological development of plant species. Application of these PGRs can improve pre-and post-harvest quality and quantity of ornamental flowers and lessen the harmful effects of injury incurred at harvesting time. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate spraying solution for improving pre-and postharvest quality indices of Rosa hybrida L. cv. 'Yellow Finesse'. So, the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) at 0, 50, 100, or 150 mg*l-1 alone or in combination with benzyl adenine (BA) at 0, 10, or 20 mg*l-1 was investigated. Plants were sprayed at a 15-day interval for two months and then harvested at a mature bud stage. The results showed that flower head diameter and leaf chlorophyll content were improved by applying 100 mg*l-1 MeJA + 20 mg*l-1 BA. The application of 100 mg*l-1 MeJA + 10 mg*l-1 BA or 10 mg*l-1 BA resulted in improving its petal carotenoid content. The plants treated with 150 mg*l-1 MeJA had the longest shelf life. The findings demonstrated that while 100 mg*l-1 MeJA + 20 mg*l-1 BA and 100 mg*l-1 MeJA + 10 mg*l-1 BA were the best preharvest spraying solutions due to the highest carotenoid content and largest flower head diameter. Particularly, 150 mg*l-1 MeJA was the best spraying solution for extending cut flower shelf life and had the potential to function as a postharvest treatment.

Research on Crops, 2014

Kelussia odoratissima (Apiaceae) is an endangered medicinal plant indigenous to Iran. Seeds of th... more Kelussia odoratissima (Apiaceae) is an endangered medicinal plant indigenous to Iran. Seeds of this plant have a long-term dormancy. This study aimed at obtaining in vitro method to reduce microbial contamination, overcome seed dormancy and to disclose the type of classification system of seed dormancy. After using completely randomized design and Duncan's Multiple Range Test, the significance of between individual group's means was assessed. Results revealed that only one gram negative bacterium strain, Klebsiella sp., was isolated from the contaminated culture. Applying 500 mg/l copper sulphate for 6 min during seed sterilization, the contamination was eradicated. During cold stratification, to estimate the effect of exogenous application of cytikinin hormones, N6-furfurylaninopurine (Kin) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone or in combination with each other, pre-soaking treatment with tioureae as a nitrogen compound and seed osmopriming with polyethylene glycole (PEG 6000), alone or in combination with BAP, the highest final seed germination (92.5%) was obtained on medium containing 1 mg/l BAP combined with 1 mg/l Kin. The lowest mean germination time (45.81 days) was also obtained on medium containing 0.25 mg/l BAP. Since using tiourea was simple and economical, with 80% final seed germination (using 0.2% thiourea) this can be an excellent way to promote seed germination of this plant. Considering the efficacy of treatments and growing of zygotic embryo without cold temperature exposure, seed dormancy mechanism identified as non-deep physiological dormancy and particularly chemical dormancy classification.

Iranian Journal of Biotechnology, Mar 30, 2016

Background: Worldwidely cultivated, melon is commercially an important fruit crop, as it is in Ir... more Background: Worldwidely cultivated, melon is commercially an important fruit crop, as it is in Iran. Objectives: Establishment of an efficient in vitro plant regeneration system plays a pivotal role in the plant transformation, hence, the importance of regeneration protocol for Iranian melon (Cucumis melo L. var. Gorgab) has encouraged us to work on in vitro melon regeneration. Material and Methods: The effect of selective media, including various concentrations of the 6-benzyladenine (BA), cefotaxime, as well as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on regeneration of the cotyledonary petioles derived from a 6-day-old in vitro grown seedlings were assessed. Results: The highest frequency of regeneration rate was recorded at 1.5 mg.L-1 of the BA plus 250 mg.L-1 cefotaxime in addition to 1 mg.L-1 BA plus 1000 mg.L-1 cefotaxime. The highest percentage of the shoot formation (100%) was recorded at 1 mg.L-1 BA plus 1000 mg.L-1 cefotaxime, while, it was relatively lower (75%) on than the medium containing 1.5 mg.L-1 BA in combination with 250 mg.L-1 cefotaxime. The highest root induction was observed in the medium containing 500 mg.L-1 cefotaxime + 0.1 mg.L-1 IAA. A significant positive influence on roots and leaves formation, as well as their number, in addition to regeneration of shoots was observed as well. Conclusions: This is the first work reporting an appropriate regeneration procedure for the melon, an Iranian native crop.

CRC Press eBooks, May 25, 2021

Journal of Plant Nutrition, Mar 16, 2020

Abstract The successful sustainable production of high-quality and high-yielding tomatoes, partic... more Abstract The successful sustainable production of high-quality and high-yielding tomatoes, particularly, by deploying precision agriculture with less water, nutrient, and energy consumption in a controlled environment has important roles in supporting plant and ecosystem sustainability, human nutrition and diet, and economic development worldwide. Among such methods, aquaponics provides more advantages than conventional and hydroponic cultivations by reusing the wastewater and, thereby, improving energy, water and nutrient use efficiency, financial gain, as well as plant and ecosystem sustainability. However, it requires more biological and technical knowledge to maintain the system’s balance and optimal condition. The proper management of the greenhouse climate and the controlled environmental system, agricultural practices, inputs, and nutrients recycling are the foremost determinant factors of effectiveness, cost-efficiency, productivity, as well as plant and ecosystem sustainability. The knowledge of optimal growth and recycling conditions in aquaponics is still developing. Due to the differences of the materials and methods of the related studies and various types, combinations, and contents of growth media substrates and fertilizers, genetic diversities and differential responses, optimal growth conditions and interactive effects of the (micro)organisms, a deep understanding of the influence of the mentioned factors are required to reach the optimum results. Therefore, the most efficient tomato culture practices in aquaponics and most importantly in the vermi-ponic unit are discussed in this paper to provide insight into developing the most successful cost-effective sustainable systems for tomato production.

Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, Mar 4, 2015

Abstract Kelussia odoratissima (Apiaceae) is a medicinal plant indigenous to Iran. Previous studi... more Abstract Kelussia odoratissima (Apiaceae) is a medicinal plant indigenous to Iran. Previous studies revealed the antioxidant activity of metanolic extract and sedative property of this plant. Apart from pharmacological properties, which are attributed to its chemical compositions, mainly phthalides, shortage of this plant, limited to particular area of Iran, indicate the need of mass production and induction of its secondary metabolites. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the variations of plant chemical compositions between various parts of seedlings cultured in in-vitro system in comparison with plant samples cultured and grown from its local habitat. Plant samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). According to the results of in-vitro samples, 3-butyldine Phthalide at the range of 23.93 %, 27.2 % and 21.2 % and 3-n-Butyl Phthalide at the range of 70 %, 55.5 % and 64.9 % in tuberous roots, hypocotyls and cotyledon respectively were identified. Comparing the results of in-vitro samples with samples of plant from its local habitat, these results demonstrate that in-vitro culture of K. odoratissima has the strong potential of plant secondary metaboliteinduction.

Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 2017

Background: Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. (Apiaceae) is an edible, indigenous and ethnomedicinal ... more Background: Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. (Apiaceae) is an edible, indigenous and ethnomedicinal plant that only grows in Iran. Although antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of K. odoratissima have been reported, cytotoxic activity of this plant has not been previously investigated. Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxicity of K. odoratissima leaf extract against a panel of human cancer cell lines. A secondary aim was to perform a phytochemical analysis of the plant's leaf oil. Methods: To extract the plant oil, dried leaves were subjected to hydro-distillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus for up to 3 h. For the phytochemical analysis, essential oil was subjected to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Plant extraction was performed by macerating leaf powder of K. odoratissima (50 g) in 70% methanol (500 mL) at the room temperature (25-28°C) for 24 h. To perform cytotoxicity assays, methanolic extract of K. odoratissima was tested against a panel of cell lines including MDA-MB468 (human breast cancer cell line), K562 (human leukemia cell line), SKOV3 (human ovarian cancer cell line), Y79 (human eye cancer cell line), A549 (lung cancer cell line) and HEK 293 (normal human embryonic kidney cell line). Results: GC-MS analysis revealed that sesquiterpens are dominant volatile components of the plant, followed by phthalides comprising 3-butyldine phthalide and 3-n-butyl phthalide; the latter compound being the major component of the leaf oil (25.1%). The leaf extract showed a selective and dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MDA-MB468, K562, SKOV3, Y79 and A549 cancer cell lines with IC 50 values of 85, 70, 120, 82 and145 µg.ml-1 , respectively. Conclusions: The present results suggest a direct cytotoxic activity of K. odoratissima leaf extract against human cancer cell lines. This activity of K. odoratissima may find application in

Journal of Food Process Engineering, 2016

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan (2%), ascorbic acid (40 g/L), c... more The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan (2%), ascorbic acid (40 g/L), citric acid (40 g/L), lavender oil (70%), cinnamon oil (50%) and heat treatment to enhance the quality and shelf‐life of sliced dried button mushroom (Agaricus bisporous) stored at 4°C for 19 days. Based on a completely randomized design, the experiment included seven treatments and four replications. Mushroom weight loss, soluble solids content (SSC), firmness, browning index (BI), vitamin C, pH, overall acceptability, and shelf‐life were measured. Lavender oil treatment was found to result in comparatively the most favorable effects in terms of BI, overall acceptability, marketability, weight loss, longevity and firmness of mushrooms. The study recommends lavender oil treatment as an economical processing strategy for preserving the quality and extending the storage life of ready‐to‐use air‐dried sliced mushrooms.Practical ApplicationsUnfortunately, mushrooms are highly perishable and t...

Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2015

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences

ABSTRACT

Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, Fourth Edition, 2019

Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, 2021

The effects of various casing materials on yield and quantitative indices of Agaricuss ubrufescen... more The effects of various casing materials on yield and quantitative indices of Agaricuss ubrufescens and Agaricuss bisporus

Revista Chapingo. Serie: Horticultura, Apr 1, 2016

CRC Press eBooks, Aug 6, 2019

Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2017

Advances in Plants and Agriculture Research, Mar 6, 2018

Journal of Plant Nutrition, Nov 3, 2017

Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2016

Research on Crops, 2014

Iranian Journal of Biotechnology, Mar 30, 2016

CRC Press eBooks, May 25, 2021

Journal of Plant Nutrition, Mar 16, 2020

Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, Mar 4, 2015

Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 2017

Journal of Food Process Engineering, 2016

Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2015

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences

ABSTRACT

Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, Fourth Edition, 2019

Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, 2021

Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology 4th Edition Taylor & Francis, 2021

The unprecedented escalations in global human population growth rate and harmful effects of clima... more The unprecedented escalations in global human population growth rate and harmful effects of climate change are the major threats for food supply. The problem of food security highlights the need to employ a combination of modern agricultural and biotechnological approaches to maintain crop performance under normal and widespread stressful conditions. As one of the major constraints in agriculture system, water stress reduces plant productivity by disturbing plant biological activates under mild stress or causing death by completely halting biological activates via irreversible processes under severe stress conditions. Stress damages can be intensified under natural conditions since water shortage commonly occurs simultaneously with salinity and extreme temperatures, affecting multiple complex sensing-signaling networks, which makes the interpretation and prediction of plant responses difficult. The efficacy of different biotechnological methods for identifying genetic basis of desirable phenotypic traits, linking the genotyping to phenotyping data, as well as mapping, screening, and engineering methods are discussed in this chapter to assist breeders and geneticists for developing elite cultivars. Intensive OMICs researches are yet required at different day/night cycles and growth stages under constantly changing environmental conditions considering the interacting internal and external factors particularly in open field conditions to provide sufficient information for optimizing plant performance. This chapter presents the last findings of the most efficient genetic engineering techniques to maintain crop productivity without yield drag under water stress conditions (solely or combined with other stresses) and also to find the potential approaches for developing these techniques.

Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology 4th Edition Taylor & Francis, 2021

Drought is one the most adverse environmental stresses in agriculture and crop production. In fie... more Drought is one the most adverse environmental stresses in agriculture and crop production. In field, drought usually occurs simultaneously with a variety of different biotic and abiotic stress combinations. Plants have evolved a variety of unique adaptation mechanisms for each stress combination to survive. Plant responses to these stress conditions depend on a large number of factors, including plant genotype, circadian rhythms, severity, duration, repetition, and oscillation of stress, plant growth stage, plant water, nutrient, hormone, and redox status; all of which differentially activate a myriad of signaling and metabolic pathways. Subsequently, the stress-activated signaling pathways regulate plant adaptation mechanisms through regulating genes expression to enhance plant tolerance by modifying metabolic, morphological, and physiological alternations that would allow the plants to cope with or escape from stress condition. The objective of this review chapter is to discuss these mechanisms and their effectiveness in dry conditions to provide insight into applying the most effective and perhaps multidisciplinary approaches for designing the drought-tolerant crops with the optimized performance under water scarcity and optimal condition.

Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology 4th Edition Taylor & Francis, 2021

Drought stress as a major constraint in agriculture severely disturbs plant biological processes.... more Drought stress as a major constraint in agriculture severely disturbs plant biological processes. Understanding drought-induced signal generation, perception, transduction, and, thereby, adaptation responses at signaling and molecular levels is essential for designing drought-tolerant plants to survive under ever increasing environmental stresses and meet the increasing global demands for food and feed. However, since information regarding the molecular steps and the relations between drought stress sensing-signaling pathways have remained largely dispersed or unknown, this review article provides a broad view of the intricate relationships between these events and highlights the challenges for future research. Plant cell surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), including receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs), and also plant specific two-component receptor-like histidine kinase (HK) 1 perceive and transduce drought stress signals. DORN1 (DOESN’T RESPOND TO NUCLEOTIDES) perceives extracellular adenosine 5’-triphosphate (eATP) and together with other receptors phosphorylate NADPH-oxidase enzymes. The activities of NADPH oxidases regulate redox signaling, which consequently modulate Ca2+ and Ph signatures to induce abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis. Redox signals induce gene expression in ABA-dependent and -independent manners, which is mediated by a complex signaling network composed of receptors, phosphatases, kinases, and signaling crosstalk. The molecular steps underlying these signaling events are discussed to provide insights for developing drought-tolerant plants.

Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology 4th Edition Taylor & Francis, 2021

Drought is one of the most widespread global issues, undermining crop yield and quality and may l... more Drought is one of the most widespread global issues, undermining crop yield and quality and may lead to complete plant death under severe stress conditions. Osmotic adjustment allows plants to adapt and survive under osmotic stress conditions caused by drought or salinity. Accumulation of osmoregulators helps plants to continue normal biological activities by maintaining cellular water status, structure, function, and thus metabolism where environmental oscillations could halt their natural processes. Drought-tolerant species have evolved more effective strategies to survive under stress conditions. Elucidation of their gene expression, signaling pathways, osmotic adjustment, and metabolism-related phytochemicals have provided numerous opportunities to develop tolerant cultivars; however, many of these aspects are still to be unraveled. Hence, this review presents the latest findings of plants osmoregulatory adaption mechanisms to provide deep insights into breeding techniques for developing drought tolerant species.

Taylor & Francis, 2021

Osmotic stress caused by drought or salinity is one of the most adverse constraints in agricultur... more Osmotic stress caused by drought or salinity is one of the most adverse constraints in agriculture system, threatening human food security worldwide. Like other environmental stimuli, osmotic stress sensing-signaling pathways begin with perception (by interacting Ca2+-sensor proteins) and generation of Ca2+ signals, which are under the influence of the complex interacting signaling networks inclusive of redox components, hormones, and chemicals. The differential plant responses affected by plant genetic diversity, growth stages, defense mechanisms, phytometabolites, and constantly changing environmental stressors of different types, combinations, and conditions make the interpretation of results more difficult. The influence of breeding strategies and agricultural managements should be considered in all plant cells, tissues, and organs during the whole-plant life cycles even after being exposed to stress to assess stress responses, repair processes, and stress memory. The present chapter represents the basic information regarding the physiological roles of plant nutrients, ions, and phytometabolites involved in activating defense mechanisms against osmotic stress conditions. Thus, the information provided in this chapter is aimed to help in breeding strategies for finding plant species and cultivars tolerant to osmotic stresses for proper agricultural managements.

In book: Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, Edition: Fourth, Chapter: 19, Publisher: CRC Press, 2019

Water deficit is projected to be intensified by climate change and hydrological cycle imbalance, ... more Water deficit is projected to be intensified by climate change and hydrological cycle imbalance, drastically reducing crop yield and quality as the main human concern for food supply, security, and nutrition. On stress perception, a wide array of signalling pathways targets plant molecular responses by regulating gene expression and transcription factors to modify plant metabolic pathways consist of proteins, hormones, water status, nutrients, chemical compositions as well as physiological, anatomical and morphological characteristics that allow plants to cope with stress. Phytohormone homeostasis and their crosstalk have a crucial role in plant adaptation in all aspects of plant responses from perception, signal transduction, activity of ion-channels, protein modification, protein degradation, and gene expression to control water status, nutrient homeostasis, photosynthesis apparatus and thus plant growth, development, recovery, and survival. The effects of hormones greatly vary depending on their concentrations in specific tissues, cells, cellular compartments, and organs, plant genotype, hormonal interactions, nutrient status, plant phytochemistry, growth stages, environmental conditions, and stress combinations. To promote drought tolerance, multidisciplinary approaches are required to concomitantly emphasis on improving plant performance at the whole plant levels from signalling and gene expression to water, nutrient, hormone, and redox homeostasis, as well as metabolic, physiological, and morphological modifications to elevate crop tolerance to multiple stresses and to optimize photosynthetic efficiency under predicted stress and control conditions. Therefore, this review was undertaken to elucidate the role of hormones and their interactions in response to drought stress to provide up-to-date information required for designing drought tolerant crops.

In book: Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, Edition: Fourth, Chapter: 32, Publisher: CRC Press, 2019

As metaorganisms, plants are in close multi-symbiotic relationships with fungal and bacterial sym... more As metaorganisms, plants are in close multi-symbiotic relationships with fungal and bacterial symbionts. In all organisms, protein processing and homeostasis control all aspects of life. Activity of heat-shock proteins (HSPs), RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and molecular chaperones differentially regulate stress responses by protecting protein structures and functions, regulating gene expression and, thereby, cellular processes under both normal and stress conditions. Recent studies highlight the importance of the regulation of molecular chaperones in order to promote plant-symbiont growth, performance, and tolerance to multiple stresses, particularly salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures, which are the major constraints in agriculture. Compared to genetic manipulation, regulation of protein homeostasis and activation of stress responsive genes and symbiotic genes indirectly through symbiosis or biotech symbionts have received a great attention as a promising and more environment-friendly strategies in breeding programs. Among different stresses, extreme temperatures can cause devastating effects on symbiosis. Thus, this review discusses the molecular repertoire of HSPs, RBPs, and molecular chaperones as biotechnological tools in order to improve plant-symbiont growth, development, yield, symbiotic performance, and tolerance to different stresses with particular emphasis to extreme temperatures.

In book: Handbook of Plant and Crop StressEdition: FourthChapter: 49Publisher: CRC Press, 2019

Plants have evolved protective mechanisms in response to stress conditions in which the stress-as... more Plants have evolved protective mechanisms in response to stress conditions in which the stress-associated (activated or suppressed) signalling pathways induce biosynthesis of metabolites to maintain their molecular and cellular activities. At specific stress conditions, the interacting internal (such as plant species, genotype, metabolite composition) and external (such as agricultural managements and stress conditions, e.g., severity and combination of different stresses) cues elicit biosynthesis of phytochemicals with health-promoting effects in both plant and human. The knowledge on the relationships and fine-tuned balance between phytochemicals (such as redox, hormones, glycine betaine, melatonin, proline, polyamines, γ-aminobutyric acid, organic acids, sugars, amino acids, and phenolic compounds), their interactive functional activities and crosstalk effects under different environmental conditions can be used to optimize plants responses during their whole life cycle by choosing the most effective multidisciplinary approaches from agricultural practices to genetic and metabolic engineering. Hence, this chapter provides information to optimize plant yield, quality, and stress responses by modifying metabolic interaction networks corresponding to plant genotypes and environmental (normal and particularly stressful) conditions that induce beneficial effects in plants and humans.

In book: Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, Edition: Fourth, Chapter: 29, Publisher: CRC Press, 2019

Drought stress-induced sensing-signalling pathways trigger post-translational modifications of ch... more Drought stress-induced sensing-signalling pathways trigger post-translational modifications of chromatin, transcription factors and gene transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory networks in order to mitigate damaging effects of stress by activating plant defense mechanisms. Regulation of gene expression and metabolic engineering of plants play critical roles in maintaining plant performance under stress conditions. Among the metabolic pathways, understanding the roles of redox, protein (mainly functional proteins and regulatory proteins) carbohydrate, osmolyte, and phytohormone homeostasis are of considerable importance for optimizing plant responses to drought stress. In this regard, this review discusses some essential aspects of metabolic pathways. These include early protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, regulation of the genes that encode RNA binding proteins and aquaporins, the enzyme and carbohydrate metabolism that protect cells against oxidative damage and promote osmoprotection, energy status, and photosynthesis in drought-stressed cells in order to provide insights for developing drought tolerant crops.