Effect of iron supply on Southern Ocean CO2 uptake and implications for glacial atmospheric CO2 (original) (raw)
Martin, J. H. Glacial-interglacial CO2 change; the iron hypothesis. Paleoceanography5, 1–13 (1990). ArticleADS Google Scholar
Kumar, N. et al. Increased biological productivity and export production in the glacial Southern Ocean. Nature378, 675– 680 (1995). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Petit, J. R. et al. Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature399, 429–436 (1999). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Boyd, P. W. et al. A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization. Nature407, 695–701 (2000). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Watson, A. J., Liss, P. S. & Duce, R. A. Design of a small scale iron enrichment experiment. Limnol. Oceanogr.36, 1960– 1965 (1991). ArticleADS Google Scholar
Martin, J. H. et al. Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature371, 123– 129 (1994). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Coale, K. H. et al. A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature383, 495–501 ( 1996). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Cooper, D. J., Watson, A. J. & Ling, R. D. Variation of P CO 2 along a North Atlantic shipping route (UK to the Caribbean): A year of automated observations. Mar. Chem.60, 147–164 (1998). Google Scholar
Abraham, E. R. et al. Importance of stirring in the development of an iron-fertilized phytoplankton bloom. Nature407, 727– 730 (2000). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Takeda, S. Influence of iron availability on nutrient consumption ratio of diatoms in oceanic waters. Nature393, 774– 777 (1998). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Hutchins, D. A. & Bruland, K. W. Iron-limited diatom growth and Si:N uptake ratios in a coastal upwelling regime. Nature393, 561–564 ( 1998). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Duce, R. A. & Tindale, N. W. Atmospheric transport of iron and its deposition in the ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr.36, 1715–1726 (1991). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Lefèvre, N. & Watson, A. J. Modelling the geochemical cycle of iron in the oceans and its impact on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles13 , 727–736 (1999). ArticleADS Google Scholar
Sohrin, Y. et al. The distribution of Fe in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Res.47, 55– 84 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Broecker, W. S. & Peng, T.-H. The role of CaCO 3 compensation in the glacial to interglacial atmospheric CO2 change. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles1, 15– 29 (1987). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Stevens, D. P. & Ivchenko, V. O. The zonal momentum balance in an eddy-resolving general-circulation model of the Southern Ocean. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.123, 929– 951 (1997). ArticleADS Google Scholar
Mahowald, N. et al. Dust sources and deposition during the last glacial maximum and current climate: a comparison of model results with paleodata from ice cores and marine sediments. J. Geophys. Res.104, 15895–15916 (1999). ArticleADS Google Scholar
Jickells, T. D. & Spokes, L. J. in The Biogeochemistry of Iron in Seawater (eds Turner, D. R. & Hunter, K. A.) (Wiley, New York, in the press).
Sunda, W. G. & Huntsman, S. A. Iron uptake and growth limitation in oceanic and coastal phytoplankton. Mar. Chem.50 , 189–206 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Levitus, S., Burgett, R. & Boyer, T. World Ocean Atlas 1994Vol. 3, Nutrients (NOAA Atlas NESDIS, US Dept of Commerce, Washington DC, 1994). Google Scholar
Sarmiento, J. L. & Toggweiler, J. R. A new model for the role of the oceans in determining atmospheric P CO 2 . Nature308, 621– 624 (1984). Google Scholar
Smith, H. J., Fischer, H., Wahlen, M., Mastroianni, D. & Deck, B. Dual modes of the carbon cycle since the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature400, 248– 250 (1999). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Broecker, W. S. & Henderson, G. M. The sequence of events surrounding Termination II and their implications for the cause of glacial-interglacial CO2 changes. Paleoceanography13, 352–364 ( 1998). ArticleADS Google Scholar
Francois, R. et al. Contribution of Southern Ocean surface-water stratification to low atmospheric CO2 concentrations during the last glacial period. Nature389, 929–935 (1997). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Sigman, D. M., Altabet, M. A., Francois, R., McCorkle, D. C. & Gaillard, J. F. The isotopic composition of diatom-bound nitrogen in Southern Ocean sediments. Paleoceanography14, 118–134 ( 1999). ArticleADS Google Scholar
Mortlock, R. A. et al. Evidence for lower productivity in the Antarctic Ocean during the last glaciation. Nature351, 220– 222 (1991). ArticleADS Google Scholar
Rickaby, R. E. M. & Elderfield, H. Planktonic foraminiferal Cd/Ca: Paleonutrients or paleotemperature? Paleoceanography14, 293–303 ( 1999). ArticleADS Google Scholar
Stephens, B. B. & Keeling, R. F. The influence of Antarctic sea ice on glacial–interglacial CO2 variations. Nature404, 171–174 (2000). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Toggweiler, J. R. Variation of atmospheric CO2 by ventilation of the ocean's deepest water. Paleoceanography14, 571– 588 (1999). ArticleADS Google Scholar
Peng, T. H. & Broecker, W. S. Dynamic limitations on the Antarctic iron fertilization strategy. Nature349, 227–229 (1991). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Keir, R. S. On the late Pleistocene ocean geochemistry and circulation. Paleoceanography3, 413–445 ( 1988). ArticleADS Google Scholar
Archer, D. Modeling the calcite lysocline. J. Geophys. Res.96 , 17037–17050 (1991). ArticleADS Google Scholar