Thirty new loci for age at menarche identified by a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (original) (raw)

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Acknowledgements

Academy of Finland (Finnish Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics 129680, 120315, 129287, 129494); Affymetrix (N02-HL-6-4278); Agency of Science, Technology and Research of Singapore (A*STAR); Althingi (the Icelandic Parliament); American Heart Association (0855082E); Amgen; Augustinus Foundation; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (241944, 339462, 389927, 389875, 389891, 389892, 389938, 442915, 442981, 496739, 552485, 552498, 619667); Australian Research Council (A7960034, A79801419, A79906588, DP0212016, DP0343921, DP0770096); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center Geriatrics Research; Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant ID 166067); Cancer Research United Kingdom; the Cariplo Foundation; Center for Disease Control and Prevention (USA), Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB); the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government; Clinical Nutrition Research Unit of Maryland (P30 DK072488); Danish National Research Foundation; Danish Pharmacists' Fund; the Egmont Foundation; Erasmus Medical Center; Erasmus University; Estonian Government (SF0180142s08); the European Commision (212111 BBMRI, 205419 ECOGENE, 201413 ENGAGE, HEALTH-F2-2008-201865 - GEFOS, HEALTH-F2-2008-35627, HEALTH-F4-2007-201413, HEALTH-F4-2007-201550 HYPERGENES, 245536 OPENGENE, TREAT-OA, GenomEUtwin Project QLG2-CT-2002-01254, EU/QLRT-2001-01254; ERC-230374); European Union framework program 6 EUROSPAN project (LSHG-CT-2006-018947, LSHM-CT-2003-503041); European Regional Development Fund; Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne, Switzerland; Fondazione Compagnia di San Paolo Health Ministry, Framingham Heart Study (N01-HC-25195); GENEVA Coordinating Center (U01HG004446); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; German National Genome Research Network (NGFN-2 and NGFNPlus: 01GS0823); Giorgi-Cavaglieri Foundation; GlaxoSmithKline; Health Fund of the Danish Health Insurance Societies; Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health; Hjartavernd (the Icelandic Heart Association); Italian Ministry of Health (ICS110.1/RF97.71, RF-FSR-2007-647201); Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (JDRF); Leenaards Foundation; March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation; the Medical Research Council (G0000934, G0500539, G0701863); National Cancer Institute (CA40356, CA98233, P01CA087969, P01CA055075, CA047988, CA63464, CA54281, CA136792, CA089392, CA104021); Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC Health, LMUinnovativ); National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (572613 and 003209); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 043851, HL087679, HL69757, N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55021, N01-HC-55022, R01HL087641, R01HL59367, R01HL086694, RC2 HL102419); National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); National Institute of Aging (263 MD 9164, 263 MD 821336, N.1-AG-1-1, N.1-AG-1-2111, N01-AG-5-0002, AG-16592, Genetics of Reproductive Life Period and Health Outcomes - R21AG032598); National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and National Institute on Aging ((NIAMS/NIA) R01 AR/AG 41398); National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-061437); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK, R01DK058845, U01 DK062418); National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); National Institutes of Health (AA07535, AA10248, AA13320, AA13321, AA13326, AA14041, HHSN268200782096C, M01 RR-00750, MH66206, N01-AG-12100, N01-AG-1-2109, P01-AG-18397, R01-088119, R01-DA013423, RFAHG006033, U01DE018993, U01DE018903, U01HG004422, U01HG004446, U01HL72515, U01 HL84756, U01HG004399, U01HG004402, U01HG004415, U01HG004423, U01HG004436, U01HG004438, U01HG004402, U01HG004446, U01HG004726, U01HG004728, U01HG004729, U01HG004735, U01HG004738, U01HG04424, U10AA008401, U54RR025204-01, UL1RR025005, UL1 RR025774, Z01CP010200, HHSN268200625226C); the National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (904-61-193, 575-25-006, 480-04-004, 56-464-14192, NWO 480-05-003, 175.010.2005.011, 911-03-012, 014-93-015); Netherlands Genomic Initiative (NGI, 050-060-810), National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program; and Laboratory of Neurogenetics; US National Institutes of Health Genes, Environment and Health Initiative; Republic of Croatia Ministry of Science, Education and Sports (108-1080315-0302); Robert Dawson Evans Endowment; the Royal Society, Royal Swedish Academy of Science; State of Bavaria, Germany; Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF); Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation; Swedish Ministry of Higher Education and Research; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Society of Medicine; Swiss National Science Foundation (Ref: 33CSCO-122661, 3100AO-116323/1); the University of Bristol, University of Maryland General Clinical Research Center (M01 RR 16500); the Wellcome Trust (068545/Z/02, 076467/Z/05/Z, 077016/Z/05/Z, 89061/Z/09/Z, strategic award 079895); Western Australian DNA Bank; Western Australian Genetic Epidemiology Resource (see Supplementary Note for extended acknowledgments).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Leena Peltonen and Ken K Ong: Deceased.
  2. Cathy E Elks, John R B Perry and Patrick Sulem: These authors contributed equally to this work.
  3. Joanne M Murabito, Ken K Ong and Anna Murray: These senior authors jointly supervised this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
    Cathy E Elks, Jing Hua Zhao, Tuomas O Kilpeläinen, Shengxu Li, Nicholas J Wareham, Ruth J F Loos & Ken K Ong
  2. Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, UK
    John R B Perry, Michael N Weedon & Anna Murray
  3. deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
    Patrick Sulem, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Thorunn Rafnar, Kari Stefansson & Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
  4. Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Daniel I Chasman, Julie E Buring, Guillaume Paré & Paul M Ridker
  5. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Daniel I Chasman, Julie E Buring, Guillaume Paré & Paul M Ridker
  6. Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
    Nora Franceschini
  7. Department of Public Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, USA
    Chunyan He
  8. Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indiana, USA
    Chunyan He
  9. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
    Kathryn L Lunetta, Andrew D Johnson, Daniel Levy & Joanne M Murabito
  10. Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Kathryn L Lunetta & Wei Vivian Zhuang
  11. Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    Jenny A Visser, Lisette Stolk, Fernando Rivadeneira, Joyce B J van Meurs & André G Uitterlinden
  12. Queensland Statistical Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
    Enda M Byrne
  13. The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
    Enda M Byrne
  14. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
    Diana L Cousminer, Aarno Palotie, Leena Peltonen, Emmi Tikkanen & Elisabeth Widen
  15. Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
    Tõnu Esko, Helen Alavere, Mari Nelis, Mar-Liis Tammesoo & Andres Metspalu
  16. Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
    Tõnu Esko, Mari Nelis & Andres Metspalu
  17. Genotyping Core Facility, Estonian Biocenter, Tartu, Estonia
    Tõnu Esko, Mari Nelis & Andres Metspalu
  18. Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
    Bjarke Feenstra, Frank Geller, Mads Melbye & Heather A Boyd
  19. Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Eco J C de Geus, Gonneke Willemsen & Dorret I Boomsma
  20. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,
    Daniel L Koller, Tatiana Foroud & Michael J Econs
  21. Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
    Zoltán Kutalik & Sven Bergmann
  22. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
    Zoltán Kutalik & Sven Bergmann
  23. Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,
    Peng Lin, John P Rice & Laura J Bierut
  24. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
    Massimo Mangino, Nicole Soranzo, Guangju Zhai & Tim D Spector
  25. Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
    Mara Marongiu, Fabio Busonero, Liana Ferreli, Eleonora Porcu, Serena Sanna, Angelo Scuteri, Manuela Uda & Laura Crisponi
  26. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    Patrick F McArdle, Alan R Shuldiner & Elizabeth A Streeten
  27. Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
    Albert V Smith, Thor Aspelund, Gudny Eiriksdottir & Vilmundur Gudnason
  28. University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
    Albert V Smith, Thor Aspelund & Vilmundur Gudnason
  29. Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    Lisette Stolk, Albert Hofman, Fernando Rivadeneira, Joyce B J van Meurs, Cornelia M van Duijn & André G Uitterlinden
  30. Department of Epidemiology, Genetic-Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    Sophie H van Wingerden, Najaf Amin, Ben A Oostra & Cornelia M van Duijn
  31. Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
    Eva Albrecht, Angela Döring, Christian Gieger, Thomas Illig & H Erich Wichmann
  32. Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
    Tanguy Corre, Cinzia Sala & Daniela Toniolo
  33. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    Erik Ingelsson, Patrik K E Magnusson, Per Hall & Nancy L Pedersen
  34. MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
    Caroline Hayward, Pau Navarro & Alan F Wright
  35. Scripps Genomic Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
    Erin N Smith, Sarah S Murray & Nicholas J Schork
  36. The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
    Erin N Smith, Sarah S Murray & Nicholas J Schork
  37. The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
    Erin N Smith, Sarah S Murray & Nicholas J Schork
  38. Department of Reproductive Sciences and Development, Medical Genetics, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
    Shelia Ulivi, Pio d'Adamo & Paolo Gasparini
  39. Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
    Nicole M Warrington & Lyle J Palmer
  40. Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, Scotland
    Lina Zgaga, Harry Campbell, Igor Rudan & James F Wilson
  41. Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze, Florence, Italy
    Stefania Bandinelli
  42. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
    Inês Barroso, Hannah Blackburn, Panos Deloukas, Aarno Palotie, Leena Peltonen & Nicole Soranzo
  43. Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
    Gerald S Berenson, Wei Chen & Sathanur R Srinivasan
  44. Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
    Eric Boerwinkle
  45. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Julie E Buring, Susan E Hankinson, Frank B Hu, Peter Kraft, David J Hunter & Paul M Ridker
  46. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    Stephen J Chanock & David J Hunter
  47. Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Marilyn C Cornelis, Frank B Hu, Peter Kraft, Rob M van Dam & David J Hunter
  48. Department of Biostatistics, Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
    David Couper
  49. Department of Medicine, Sections of General Internal Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Endocrinology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Andrea D Coviello & Joanne M Murabito
  50. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    Ulf de Faire
  51. Department of Social Medicine, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    George Davey Smith
  52. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
    Douglas F Easton, Paul Pharoah & Jonathon Tyrer
  53. Department of Oncology, Strangeways Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
    Douglas F Easton, Paul Pharoah & Jonathon Tyrer
  54. Molecular Programming and Research Informatics (MPRI), Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
    Valur Emilsson
  55. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
    Johan Eriksson, Leena Peltonen, Anneli Pouta, Veikko Salomaa & Emmi Tikkanen
  56. Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
    Johan Eriksson
  57. Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland
    Johan Eriksson
  58. Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
    Johan Eriksson
  59. Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    Luigi Ferrucci
  60. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
    Aaron R Folsom & Ellen W Demerath
  61. Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    Melissa Garcia, Lenore J Launer & Tamara B Harris
  62. Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Susan E Hankinson, Frank B Hu, Peter Kraft & David J Hunter
  63. Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
    Andrew C Heath
  64. Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    Dena G Hernandez
  65. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    Albert Hofman, Fernando Rivadeneira & André G Uitterlinden
  66. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
    Marjo-Riitta Järvelin & Ulla Sovio
  67. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Center for Population Studies, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    Andrew D Johnson & Daniel Levy
  68. Hebrew Senior Life Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    David Karasik & Douglas P Kiel
  69. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
    Kay-Tee Khaw
  70. Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
    Ivana Kolcic & Ozren Polasek
  71. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus, MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,
    Joop S E Laven
  72. Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
    Jianjun Liu
  73. Division of Cardiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Daniel Levy
  74. Genetic Epidemiology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
    Nicholas G Martin
  75. Department of Social Medicine, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    Wendy L McArdle, Kate Northstone & Susan M Ring
  76. Genetics Division, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
    Vincent Mooser & Dawn M Waterworth
  77. Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
    Jeffrey C Murray
  78. Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    Michael A Nalls
  79. Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    Andrew R Ness
  80. Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    Ben A Oostra
  81. Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
    Munro Peacock & Michael J Econs
  82. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
    Aarno Palotie, Leena Peltonen & Ayellet V Segrè
  83. Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
    Guillaume Paré
  84. Amgen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
    Alex N Parker, Kim Tsui & Lauren Young
  85. School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
    Craig E Pennell
  86. Gen-Info Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
    Ozren Polasek
  87. Cardiovascular Disease, Merck Research Laboratory, Rahway, New Jersey, USA
    Andrew S Plump
  88. Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia
    Igor Rudan
  89. Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    David Schlessinger
  90. Unità Operativa Geriatria-Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (INRCA), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
    Angelo Scuteri
  91. Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Ayellet V Segrè
  92. Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    Alan R Shuldiner
  93. Division of Community Health Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
    David P Strachan
  94. Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland
    Laufey Tryggvadottir
  95. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
    Rob M van Dam
  96. Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
    Rob M van Dam
  97. Department of Internal Medicine, BH-10 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
    Peter Vollenweider & Gerard Waeber
  98. Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
    H Erich Wichmann
  99. Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
    H Erich Wichmann
  100. Molecular Epidemiology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
    Grant W Montgomery
  101. Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Paul M Ridker
  102. Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
    Kari Stefansson & Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
  103. Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
    Ken K Ong

Authors

  1. Cathy E Elks
  2. John R B Perry
  3. Patrick Sulem
  4. Daniel I Chasman
  5. Nora Franceschini
  6. Chunyan He
  7. Kathryn L Lunetta
  8. Jenny A Visser
  9. Enda M Byrne
  10. Diana L Cousminer
  11. Daniel F Gudbjartsson
  12. Tõnu Esko
  13. Bjarke Feenstra
  14. Jouke-Jan Hottenga
  15. Daniel L Koller
  16. Zoltán Kutalik
  17. Peng Lin
  18. Massimo Mangino
  19. Mara Marongiu
  20. Patrick F McArdle
  21. Albert V Smith
  22. Lisette Stolk
  23. Sophie H van Wingerden
  24. Jing Hua Zhao
  25. Eva Albrecht
  26. Tanguy Corre
  27. Erik Ingelsson
  28. Caroline Hayward
  29. Patrik K E Magnusson
  30. Erin N Smith
  31. Shelia Ulivi
  32. Nicole M Warrington
  33. Lina Zgaga
  34. Helen Alavere
  35. Najaf Amin
  36. Thor Aspelund
  37. Stefania Bandinelli
  38. Inês Barroso
  39. Gerald S Berenson
  40. Sven Bergmann
  41. Hannah Blackburn
  42. Eric Boerwinkle
  43. Julie E Buring
  44. Fabio Busonero
  45. Harry Campbell
  46. Stephen J Chanock
  47. Wei Chen
  48. Marilyn C Cornelis
  49. David Couper
  50. Andrea D Coviello
  51. Pio d'Adamo
  52. Ulf de Faire
  53. Eco J C de Geus
  54. Panos Deloukas
  55. Angela Döring
  56. George Davey Smith
  57. Douglas F Easton
  58. Gudny Eiriksdottir
  59. Valur Emilsson
  60. Johan Eriksson
  61. Luigi Ferrucci
  62. Aaron R Folsom
  63. Tatiana Foroud
  64. Melissa Garcia
  65. Paolo Gasparini
  66. Frank Geller
  67. Christian Gieger
  68. Vilmundur Gudnason
  69. Per Hall
  70. Susan E Hankinson
  71. Liana Ferreli
  72. Andrew C Heath
  73. Dena G Hernandez
  74. Albert Hofman
  75. Frank B Hu
  76. Thomas Illig
  77. Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
  78. Andrew D Johnson
  79. David Karasik
  80. Kay-Tee Khaw
  81. Douglas P Kiel
  82. Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
  83. Ivana Kolcic
  84. Peter Kraft
  85. Lenore J Launer
  86. Joop S E Laven
  87. Shengxu Li
  88. Jianjun Liu
  89. Daniel Levy
  90. Nicholas G Martin
  91. Wendy L McArdle
  92. Mads Melbye
  93. Vincent Mooser
  94. Jeffrey C Murray
  95. Sarah S Murray
  96. Michael A Nalls
  97. Pau Navarro
  98. Mari Nelis
  99. Andrew R Ness
  100. Kate Northstone
  101. Ben A Oostra
  102. Munro Peacock
  103. Lyle J Palmer
  104. Aarno Palotie
  105. Guillaume Paré
  106. Alex N Parker
  107. Nancy L Pedersen
  108. Leena Peltonen
  109. Craig E Pennell
  110. Paul Pharoah
  111. Ozren Polasek
  112. Andrew S Plump
  113. Anneli Pouta
  114. Eleonora Porcu
  115. Thorunn Rafnar
  116. John P Rice
  117. Susan M Ring
  118. Fernando Rivadeneira
  119. Igor Rudan
  120. Cinzia Sala
  121. Veikko Salomaa
  122. Serena Sanna
  123. David Schlessinger
  124. Nicholas J Schork
  125. Angelo Scuteri
  126. Ayellet V Segrè
  127. Alan R Shuldiner
  128. Nicole Soranzo
  129. Ulla Sovio
  130. Sathanur R Srinivasan
  131. David P Strachan
  132. Mar-Liis Tammesoo
  133. Emmi Tikkanen
  134. Daniela Toniolo
  135. Kim Tsui
  136. Laufey Tryggvadottir
  137. Jonathon Tyrer
  138. Manuela Uda
  139. Rob M van Dam
  140. Joyce B J van Meurs
  141. Peter Vollenweider
  142. Gerard Waeber
  143. Nicholas J Wareham
  144. Dawn M Waterworth
  145. Michael N Weedon
  146. H Erich Wichmann
  147. Gonneke Willemsen
  148. James F Wilson
  149. Alan F Wright
  150. Lauren Young
  151. Guangju Zhai
  152. Wei Vivian Zhuang
  153. Laura J Bierut
  154. Dorret I Boomsma
  155. Heather A Boyd
  156. Laura Crisponi
  157. Ellen W Demerath
  158. Cornelia M van Duijn
  159. Michael J Econs
  160. Tamara B Harris
  161. David J Hunter
  162. Ruth J F Loos
  163. Andres Metspalu
  164. Grant W Montgomery
  165. Paul M Ridker
  166. Tim D Spector
  167. Elizabeth A Streeten
  168. Kari Stefansson
  169. Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
  170. André G Uitterlinden
  171. Elisabeth Widen
  172. Joanne M Murabito
  173. Ken K Ong
  174. Anna Murray

Consortia

The GIANT Consortium

Contributions

Writing group: D.I.B., H.A.B., D.I.C., D.L.C., L.C., E.W.D., M.J.E., C.E.E., T.E., B.F., N.F., F.G., D.F.G., C. He, T.B.H., D.J.H., D.L.K., K.K.L., M. Mangino, M. Marongiu, J.M.M., A. Metspalu, A. Murray, K.K.O., J.R.B.P., L.S., E.A.S., P.S., U.T., A.G.U., C.M.v.D., S.H.v.W., J.A.V., E.W., G.Z.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence toJoanne M Murabito, Ken K Ong or Anna Murray.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

P.S., D.F.G., K.S. and U.T. are employed by deCODE Genetics. V.E. and A. Plump are employed by Merck & Co. V.M. and D.M.W. are employed by GlaxoSmithKline. A. Parker, L.Y. and K.T. are employed by Amgen. I.B. and spouse own stock in Incyte Ltd and GlaxoSmithKline.

Additional information

A full list of members is provided in the Supplementary Note.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Text and Figures

Supplementary Figures 1–8, Supplementary Tables 1–11 and 13–17 and Supplementary Note. (PDF 3142 kb)

Supplementary Table 12

Age at menarche associations for 8,770 SNPs in 16 candidate genes and their surrounding regions (+/-300kb). (XLS 1749 kb)

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Elks, C., Perry, J., Sulem, P. et al. Thirty new loci for age at menarche identified by a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies.Nat Genet 42, 1077–1085 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.714

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