Genome-wide association and large-scale follow up identifies 16 new loci influencing lung function (original) (raw)

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Acknowledgements

We thank the many colleagues who contributed to collection and phenotypic characterization of the clinical sampling, genotyping and analysis of the data. We especially thank those who kindly agreed to participate in the studies.

Major funding for this work is from the following sources (alphabetical): Academy of Finland (project grants 104781, 120315, 129269, 1114194, Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics (213506 and 129680) and SALVE); Althingi (Icelandic Parliament); Arthritis Research Campaign; Asthma UK; AstraZeneca; AXA Research Fund; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (BB/F019394/1, G20234); British Heart Foundation (PG/97012, PG/06/154/22043, FS05/125); British Lung Foundation; Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant ID MOP-82893); Cancer Research United Kingdom; Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health Directorate (CZD/16/6); Croatian Institute for Public Health; UK Department of Health; Dutch Kidney Foundation; Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University, Rotterdam; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Estonia (SF0180142s08); EU funding (GABRIEL GRANT Number: 018996, ECRHS II Coordination Number: QLK4-CT-1999-01237); European Commission (DG XII, EURO-BLCS, FP-5 QLG1-CT-2000-01643, FP-6 LSHB-CT-2006-018996 (GABRIEL), FP-6 LSHG-CT-2006-018947 (EUROSPAN), FP-6 GenomEUtwin project QLG2-CT-2002-01254, FP7/2007-2013: HEALTH-F2-2008-201865, GEFOS, HEALTH-F2-2008-35627, TREAT-OA, HEALTH-F4-2007-201413 (ENGAGE)); Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research; Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute (FAMRI); German Asthma and COPD Network (COSYCONET: BMBF grant 01GI0883); German Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technology (01 AK 803 A-H, 01 IG 07015 G); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (03ZIK012, 01ZZ9603, 01ZZ0103 and 01ZZ0403): German National Genome Research Network (NGFN-2 and NGFN-plus); German Ministry of Cultural Affairs; GlaxoSmithKline; Gyllenberg Foundations; Healthway, Western Australia; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Healthcare and Bioscience iNet (funded by the East Midlands Development Agency, partially financed by the European Regional Development Fund, delivered by Medilink East Midlands); Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE); Hjartavernd (Icelandic Heart Association); Innsbruck Medical University; Institute for Anthropological Research in Zagreb; International Osteoporosis Foundation; Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Jalmari and Rauha Ahokas Foundation; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (JDRF); Lifelong Health and Wellbeing Initiative (G0700704/84698); Medical Research Council UK (G1000861, G0501942, G0902313, G0000934, G0800582, G0500539, G0600705, PrevMetSyn/SALVE, G9901462); Medical Research Fund of the Tampere University Hospital; Ministry of Science, Education and Sport of the Republic of Croatia (108-1080315-0302); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit; Medisearch–The Leicester Medical Research Foundation; Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC Health) as part of LMUinnovativ; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (Grant ID 403981 and ID 003209); National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) (U01-HG-004729, U01-HG-004402); National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centres (Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with the University of Cambridge); Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) (050-060-810); Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (ZonMw); Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research NOW (1750102007006, 175.010.2005.011, 911-03-012); Northern Netherlands Collaboration of Provinces (SNN); Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Novo Nordisk; Ontario Institute of Cancer Research and Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute (CCSRI 020214); Republic of Croatia Ministry of Science, Education and Sports research grants (108-1080315-0302); Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE) (014-93-015: RIDE2); Research Into Ageing (251); Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany and the Federal State of Mecklenburg–West Pomerania; Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg–West Pomerania; Structure Enhancing Fund (FES) of the Dutch government; Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation grant 20050561; Swedish Research Council for Worklife and Social research (FAS), grants 2001-0263, 2003-0139; Swiss National Science Foundation (grants no. 4026-28099,3347CO-108796, 3247BO-104283, 3247BO-104288, 3247BO-104284, 32-65896.01,32-59302.99, 32-52720.97, 32-4253.94); The Asthma, Allergy and Inflammation Research Trust; The Great Wine Estates of the Margaret River region of Western Australia; The Netherlands' Ministry of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Education, Culture and Science and Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports; The Royal Society; The University of Split and Zagreb Medical Schools; Tromsø University; U01 DK062418; UBS Wealth Foundation Grant BA29s8Q7-DZZ; UK Department of Health Policy Research Programme; University Hospital Oulu, Biocenter, University of Oulu, Finland (75617); University Medical Center Groningen; University of Bristol; University of Leicester HEFCE CIF award; University of Nottingham; US National Institutes of Health (NIH) (1P50 CA70907, RO1 CA121197, U19 CA148127, CA55769, CA127219, R01HL071051, R01HL071205, R01HL071250, R01HL071251, R01HL071252, R01HL071258, R01HL071259, UL1RR025005, contracts HHSN268200625226C, HHSN268200782096C, R01-HL084099); US NIH National Cancer Institute (RO1CA111703); US NIH National Center for Research Resources (grants M01-RR00425 and 5M01 RR00997); US NIH National Eye Institute (NEI); US NIH National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (contracts N01-HC-85079 through N01-HC-85086, N01-HC-35129, N01 HC-15103, N01 HC-55222, N01-HC-75150, N01-HC-45133, N01-HC-95095, N01-HC-48047, N01-HC-48048, N01-HC-48049, N01-HC-48050, N01-HC-45134, N01-HC-05187, N01-HC-45205, N01-HC-45204, N01 HC-25195, N01-HC-95159 through N01-HC-95169, RR-024156, N02-HL-6-4278, R01 HL-071022, R01 HL-077612, R01 HL-074104, RC1 HL100543, HHSN268201100005C, HHSN268201100006C, HHSN268201100007C, HHSN268201100008C, HHSN268201100009C, HHSN268201100010C, HHSN268201100011C and HHSN268201100012C, grants HL080295, HL087652, HL105756, R01-HL-084099, R01HL087641, R01HL59367, R01HL086694, HL088133, HL075336 5R01HL087679-02 through the STAMPEED program (1RL1MH083268-01), 1K23HL094531-01); US NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); US NIH National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); US NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) (DK063491); US NIH National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) (ZO1 ES49019, ES015794); US NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (5R01MH63706:02); US NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDD); US NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA) (R01 AG032098, RC1 AG035835, N01AG12100, N01AG62101, N01AG62103, N01AG62106, 1R01AG032098-01A1, AG-023269, AG-15928, AG-20098, AG-027058); Wellcome Trust (077016/Z/05/Z, GR069224, 068545/Z/02, 076113/B/04/Z, 079895).

Author information

Author notes

María Soler Artigas, Daan W Loth, Louise V Wain, Sina A Gharib, Ma'en Obeidat, Wenbo Tang, Bruno H Ch Stricker, Paul Elliott, George T O'Connor, David P Strachan, Stephanie J London, Ian P Hall, Vilmundur Gudnason and Martin D Tobin: These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
María Soler Artigas, Louise V Wain & Martin D Tobin
Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
María Soler Artigas, Louise V Wain & Martin D Tobin
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Daan W Loth, Mark Eijgelsheim, Albert Hofman, Fernando Rivadeneira, André G Uitterlinden & Bruno H Ch Stricker
Inspectorate of Healthcare, The Hague, The Netherlands
Daan W Loth & Bruno H Ch Stricker
Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Sina A Gharib
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Sina A Gharib, Kristin D Marciante & Bruce M Psaty
Division of Therapeutics and Molecular Medicine, Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital of Nottingham, Nottingham, London, UK
Ma'en Obeidat, Khalid A Al Balushi, John D Blakey, Amanda Henry, Ian Sayers & Ian P Hall
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University Ithaca, New York, USA
Wenbo Tang & Patricia A Cassano
Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
Guangju Zhai, Christopher J Hammond, Pirro G Hysi, Massimo Mangino & Tim D Spector
Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
Guangju Zhai
Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Jing Hua Zhao, Ruth J F Loos & Nicholas J Wareham
Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
Albert Vernon Smith, Thor Aspelund, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Gauti Kjartan Gislason & Vilmundur Gudnason
University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Albert Vernon Smith, Thor Aspelund & Vilmundur Gudnason
MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
Jennifer E Huffman, Veronique Vitart, Alan F Wright & Caroline Hayward
Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Eva Albrecht & Christian Gieger
School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland, UK.,
Catherine M Jackson
MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
David M Evans, George Davey Smith & Debbie A Lawlor
Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Gemma Cadby & Lyle J Palmer
Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Gemma Cadby, Lyle J Palmer & Nicole M Warrington
Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
Myriam Fornage & Xiangjun Gu
Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
Myriam Fornage & Alanna C Morrison
Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Ani Manichaikul & Stephen S Rich
Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Ani Manichaikul
Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Lorna M Lopez, Ian J Deary, Sarah E Harris & John M Starr
Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Lorna M Lopez & Ian J Deary
Clinical Pharmacology and the Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
Toby Johnson
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
Melinda C Aldrich
Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
Melinda C Aldrich
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,
Inês Barroso & So-Youn Shin
University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Labs, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Inês Barroso
Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Harry Campbell, Igor Rudan, Sarah H Wild, Lina Zgaga & James F Wilson
Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
David J Couper
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Nora Franceschini, Laura R Loehr & Kari E North
Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Melissa Garcia, Tamara B Harris & Lenore J Launer
Croatian Centre for Global Health, The University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia
Ivica Grkovic, Stipan Jankovic & Igor Rudan
Department of Health and Human Services, Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
Dana B Hancock, Bonnie R Joubert & Stephanie J London
Behavioral Health Epidemiology Program, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
Dana B Hancock
Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,
Adaikalavan Ramasamy & Deborah L Jarvis
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
Adaikalavan Ramasamy, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin & Paul Elliott
Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
Adaikalavan Ramasamy
Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Susan R Heckbert, Kristin D Marciante & Bruce M Psaty
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Susan R Heckbert & Bruce M Psaty
Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA
Susan R Heckbert & Bruce M Psaty
National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Markku Heliövaara & Jaakko Kaprio
Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Georg Homuth
Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine/West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
Alan L James
The School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Alan L James & Arthur W Musk
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
Alan L James, Jennie Hui, Michael L Hunter & Arthur W Musk
Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
Stefan Karrasch
Unit for Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Norman Klopp
Department of Internal Medicine B, University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Beate Koch
Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
Stephen B Kritchevsky
Epidemiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
Yongmei Liu
Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
Kurt Lohman
Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Thomas Lumley
School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Wei Q Ang, Nicole M Warrington & Craig E Pennell
Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
R Graham Barr
Department of Surgery and Pathology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
John Beilby
PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
John Beilby & Jennie Hui
Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia, Split, Croatia.,
Mladen Boban, Vesna Boraska, Ivana Kolcic, Ozren Polas̆ek & Tatijana Zemunik
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Jonas Brisman, Santosh Dahgam, Anna-Carin Olin & Fredrik Nyberg
Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Community Health Sciences and Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
John R Britton & Tricia McKeever
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
Guy G Brusselle
MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Cyrus Cooper, Karen A Jameson & Avan Aihie Sayer
Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health (TPH) Institute, Basel, Switzerland
Ivan Curjuric, Medea Imboden & Nicole Probst-Hensch
University of Basel, Switzerland
Ivan Curjuric, Medea Imboden & Nicole Probst-Hensch
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Shah Ebrahim
South Asia Centre for Chronic Disease, New Delhi, India
Shah Ebrahim
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Clyde Francks
MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, London, UK
Darya Gaysina, Rebecca Hardy, Andrew Wong & Diana Kuh
School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Raquel Granell, John Henderson, Susan M Ring & Wendy L McArdle
Hankinson Consulting, Inc, Athens, Georgia, USA
John L Hankinson
Medical Genetics Section, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Sarah E Harris
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
Aroon D Hingorani
Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands
Albert Hofman, Fernando Rivadeneira, André G Uitterlinden & Bruno H Ch Stricker
Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Patrick G Holt & Peter D Sly
School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
Jennie Hui
School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
Jennie Hui, Michael L Hunter & Arthur W Musk
Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Shona M Kerr & David J Porteous
Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
Florian Kronenberg
Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Jason Z Liu & Jonathan Marchini
Medical Research Institute, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
Andrew D Morris
Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Dirkje S Postma
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Fernando Rivadeneira, André G Uitterlinden & Bruno H Ch Stricker
Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Thierry Rochat
Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Akshay Sood
Geriatric Medicine Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
John M Starr
Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Judith M Vonk & H Marike Boezen
Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
S Goya Wannamethee & Richard W Morris
Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St. George's University of London, London, UK
Peter H Whincup, Alicja R Rudnicka & David P Strachan
Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Cisca Wijmenga
Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
O Dale Williams
College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
Bernd Meibohm
Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Ernst Omenaas
Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Obesity Research Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Kirsi H Pietiläinen
Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Kirsi H Pietiläinen & Jaakko Kaprio
Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Samuli Ripatti, Ida Surakka & Jaakko Kaprio
Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Grenoble, France
Isabelle Pin
Inserm U823, Centre de Recherche Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
Isabelle Pin
Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
Isabelle Pin
Gen-Info Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia
Ozren Polas̆ek & Igor Rudan
Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
Anneli Pouta & Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
Department of Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Centre, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
Taina Rantanen
Department Of Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Genomics Unit, The National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Samuli Ripatti & Ida Surakka
Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
Jerome I Rotter
Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Holger Schulz, H-Erich Wichmann & Joachim Heinrich
Institute for Community Medicine, Study of Health In Pomerania (SHIP)/Clinical Epidemiological Research, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Henry Völzke
Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
H-Erich Wichmann
Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
H-Erich Wichmann
Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Jemma B Wilk
Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
Matthias Wjst
Institute for Medical Statistics and Epidemiology (IMSE), Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
Matthias Wjst
Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Lina Zgaga
AstraZeneca Research and Development, Mölndal, Sweden
Fredrik Nyberg
Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
John W Holloway
Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
John W Holloway
Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
Mika Kähönen
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
Arthur W Musk
MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Deborah L Jarvis, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin & Paul Elliott
Department of Internal Medicine B, University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Sven Gläser
Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Bruno H Ch Stricker
Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
George T O'Connor
The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
George T O'Connor

Authors

María Soler Artigas
Daan W Loth
Louise V Wain
Sina A Gharib
Ma'en Obeidat
Wenbo Tang
Guangju Zhai
Jing Hua Zhao
Albert Vernon Smith
Jennifer E Huffman
Eva Albrecht
Catherine M Jackson
David M Evans
Gemma Cadby
Myriam Fornage
Ani Manichaikul
Lorna M Lopez
Toby Johnson
Melinda C Aldrich
Thor Aspelund
Inês Barroso
Harry Campbell
Patricia A Cassano
David J Couper
Gudny Eiriksdottir
Nora Franceschini
Melissa Garcia
Christian Gieger
Gauti Kjartan Gislason
Ivica Grkovic
Christopher J Hammond
Dana B Hancock
Tamara B Harris
Adaikalavan Ramasamy
Susan R Heckbert
Markku Heliövaara
Georg Homuth
Pirro G Hysi
Alan L James
Stipan Jankovic
Bonnie R Joubert
Stefan Karrasch
Norman Klopp
Beate Koch
Stephen B Kritchevsky
Lenore J Launer
Yongmei Liu
Laura R Loehr
Kurt Lohman
Ruth J F Loos
Thomas Lumley
Khalid A Al Balushi
Wei Q Ang
R Graham Barr
John Beilby
John D Blakey
Mladen Boban
Vesna Boraska
Jonas Brisman
John R Britton
Guy G Brusselle
Cyrus Cooper
Ivan Curjuric
Santosh Dahgam
Ian J Deary
Shah Ebrahim
Mark Eijgelsheim
Clyde Francks
Darya Gaysina
Raquel Granell
Xiangjun Gu
John L Hankinson
Rebecca Hardy
Sarah E Harris
John Henderson
Amanda Henry
Aroon D Hingorani
Albert Hofman
Patrick G Holt
Jennie Hui
Michael L Hunter
Medea Imboden
Karen A Jameson
Shona M Kerr
Ivana Kolcic
Florian Kronenberg
Jason Z Liu
Jonathan Marchini
Tricia McKeever
Andrew D Morris
Anna-Carin Olin
David J Porteous
Dirkje S Postma
Stephen S Rich
Susan M Ring
Fernando Rivadeneira
Thierry Rochat
Avan Aihie Sayer
Ian Sayers
Peter D Sly
George Davey Smith
Akshay Sood
John M Starr
André G Uitterlinden
Judith M Vonk
S Goya Wannamethee
Peter H Whincup
Cisca Wijmenga
O Dale Williams
Andrew Wong
Massimo Mangino
Kristin D Marciante
Wendy L McArdle
Bernd Meibohm
Alanna C Morrison
Kari E North
Ernst Omenaas
Lyle J Palmer
Kirsi H Pietiläinen
Isabelle Pin
Ozren Polas̆ek
Anneli Pouta
Bruce M Psaty
Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
Taina Rantanen
Samuli Ripatti
Jerome I Rotter
Igor Rudan
Alicja R Rudnicka
Holger Schulz
So-Youn Shin
Tim D Spector
Ida Surakka
Veronique Vitart
Henry Völzke
Nicholas J Wareham
Nicole M Warrington
H-Erich Wichmann
Sarah H Wild
Jemma B Wilk
Matthias Wjst
Alan F Wright
Lina Zgaga
Tatijana Zemunik
Craig E Pennell
Fredrik Nyberg
Diana Kuh
John W Holloway
H Marike Boezen
Debbie A Lawlor
Richard W Morris
Nicole Probst-Hensch
Jaakko Kaprio
James F Wilson
Caroline Hayward
Mika Kähönen
Joachim Heinrich
Arthur W Musk
Deborah L Jarvis
Sven Gläser
Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
Bruno H Ch Stricker
Paul Elliott
George T O'Connor
David P Strachan
Stephanie J London
Ian P Hall
Vilmundur Gudnason
Martin D Tobin

Consortia

The International Lung Cancer Consortium

GIANT consortium

Contributions

Author contributions are listed in alphabetical order. See Supplementary Note for definitions of study acronyms.

Project conception, design and management. Stage 1 GWAS, AGES: G.E., M.G., V.G., T.B.H., L.J.L. ARIC: S.J.L., N.F., L.R.L., D.J.C., D.B.H., B.R.J., A.C.M., K.E.N. B58C-T1DGC: D.P.S. B58C -WTCCC: D.P.S. BHS1: A.L.J., A.W.M., L.J.P. CHS: S.A.G., S.R.H., T.L., B.M.P. CROATIA-Korcula: H.C., I.G., S.J., I.R., A.F.W., L.Z. CROATIA-Vis: H.C., C.H., O.P., I.R., A.F.W. ECRHS: D.L.J., E.O., I.P., M.W. EPIC: N.J.W. FHS: J.B.W., G.T.O. FTC: J.K., K.H.P., T. Rantanen. Health ABC: M.C.A., P.A.C., T.B.H., S.B.K., Y.L., B.M. Health 2000: M.H., M.K. KORA F4: J. Heinrich. KORA S3: C.G., H.-E.W. NFBC1966: P.E., A.-L.H., M.-R.J., A.P. ORCADES: H.C., S.H.W., J.F.W., A.F.W. RS: A. Hofman. SHIP: S.G., G.H., B.K., H.V. TwinsUK: T.D.S., G.Z. Stage 2 follow up, ADONIX: J. Brisman., A.-C.O. BHS2: J. Beilby. BRHS: R.W.M., S.G.W., P.H.W. BWHHS: G.D.S., S.E., D.A.L., P.H.W. CARDIA: A.S. CROATIA-Split: M.B., I.K., T.Z. GS: SFHS: C.M.J., S.M.K., A.D.M., D.J.P. HCS: C.C., J.W.H., A.A.S. LBC1936: I.J.D., S.E.H., J.M.S. LifeLines: H.M.B., D.S.P., J.M.V., C.W. MESA-Lung: R.G.B., J.L.H. Nottingham smokers: I.P.H. NSHD: R.H., D.K. SAPALDIA: N.P.-H., T. Rochat. Look-up studies, ALSPAC: R.G., J. Henderson. ILCCO: ILCCO data. Ox-GSK: C.F., J.M.

Phenotype collection and data management. Stage 1 GWAS, AGES: T.A. ARIC: D.J.C., N.F., L.R.L., A.C.M., K.E.N. B58C-T1DGC: A.R.R., D.P.S. B58C -WTCCC: A.R.R., D.P.S. BHS1: A.L.J., A.W.M., L.J.P. CHS: S.A.G., S.R.H., T.L., B.M.P. CROATIA-Korcula: I.G., S.J., O.P., I.R., L.Z. CROATIA-Vis: H.C., C.H., O.P., I.R., A.F.W. ECRHS: D.L.J., E.O., I.P., M.W. EPIC: N.J.W. FHS: J.B.W., G.T.O. FTC: J.K., K.H.P., T. Rantanen. Health ABC: P.A.C., B.M., W.T. Health 2000: M.H., M.K. KORA F4: S.K., H.S. KORA S3: N.P.-H. NFBC1966: P.E., A.-L.H., M.-R.J., A.P. ORCADES: H.C., S.H.W., J.F.W. RS: G.G.B., M.E., D.W.L., B.H.Ch.S. SHIP: S.G., B.K., H.V. TwinsUK: C.J.H., P.G. Hysi, M.M., T.D.S., G.Z. Stage 2 follow up, ADONIX: J. Brisman, A.-C.O. BHS2: J. Beilby, M.L.H. BRHS: R.W.M., S.G.W., P.H.W. BWHHS: G.D.S., S.E., D.A.L., P.H.W. CARDIA: O.D.W. CROATIA-Split: M.B., I.K., T.Z. GS: SFHS: C.M.J., A.D.M. HCS: C.C., K.A.J., A.A.S. LBC1936: I.J.D., L.M.L., J.M.S. LifeLines: D.S.P., J.M.V. MESA-Lung: R.G.B., J.L.H. Nottingham smokers: K.A.A.B., J.D.B., I.P.H., A. Henry, M.O., I. Sayers. NSHD: R.H., D.K. SAPALDIA: N.P.-H. Look-up studies, ALSPAC: R.G., J. Henderson. ILCCO: ILCCO. Raine: W.Q.A., P.G. Holt, C.E.P., P.D.S.

Genotyping. Stage 1 GWAS, B58C-T1DGC: W.L.M. B58C-WTCCC: W.L.M. BHS1: A.L.J., A.W.M., L.J.P. CHS: S.R.H., B.M.P., J.I.R. CROATIA-Vis: C.H., I.R., A.F.W. ECRHS: M.W. EPIC: I.B., R.J.F.L., J.H.Z. FTC: J.K. Health ABC: Y.L., K.L. Health 2000: S.R., I. Surakka. KORA F4: N.K. KORA S3: C.G. NFBC1966: P.E., A.-L.H., M.-R.J., A.P., A.R. ORCADES: H.C., J.F.W. RS: F.R., A.G.U. SHIP: G.H. TwinsUK: C.J.H., S.-Y.S. Stage 2 follow up, ADONIX: S.D., F.N., A.-C.O. BHS2: J. Beilby, G.C., J.H. BRHS: A.D.H., R.W.M. BWHHS: S.E., D.A.L. CARDIA: M.F., X.G. CROATIA-Split: V.B., T.Z. Gedling: J.R.B., T.M. GS: SFHS: C.M.J., S.M.K., D.J.P. HCS: J.W.H. LBC1936: I.J.D., S.E.H., L.M.L., J.M.S. LifeLines: C.W. MESA-Lung: S.S.R. NSHD: D.K., A.W. SAPALDIA: M.I., F.K. Look-up studies, ALSPAC: S.M.R., W.L.M. ILCCO: ILCCO. Raine: W.Q.A., C.E.P.

Data analysis. Stage 1 GWAS, AGES: G.K.G., A.V.S. ARIC: N.F., D.B.H., L.R.L. B58C–T1DGC: A.R.R., D.P.S. B58C -WTCCC: A.R.R., D.P.S. BHS1: N.M.W. CHS: K.D.M., J.I.R. CROATIA-Korcula: C.H., J.E.H., V.V. CROATIA-Vis: C.H., V.V. ECRHS: D.L.J., A.R. EPIC: J.H.Z. FHS: J.B.W. FTC: I. Surakka. Health ABC: P.A.C., Y.L., K.L., W.T. Health 2000: M.K., S.R., I. Surakka. KORA S3: E.A. NFBC1966: A.R. ORCADES: C.H., V.V. RS: M.E., D.W.L. SHIP: S.G., G.H., B.K., H.V. TwinsUK: M.M., G.Z. Stage 2 follow-up studies, ADONIX: S.D., F.N. BHS2: G.C. BRHS: R.W.M. BWHHS: D.A.L. CARDIA: M.F., X.G. HCS: J.W.H., K.A.J. LBC1936: L.M.L. LifeLines: H.M.B. MESA-Lung: A.M., S.S.R. Nottingham smokers: I. Sayers, A. Henry. NSHD: D.G., R.H. SAPALDIA: I.C., M.I. Look-up studies, ALSPAC: D.M.E. ILCCO: ILCCO. Ox-GSK: J.Z.L. Raine: W.Q.A.

Analysis group: SpiroMeta consortium: I.P.H., T.J., M.S.A., M.D.T., L.V.W. CHARGE consortium: N.F., S.J.L., D.W.L., K.D.M., A.V.S., W.T., J.B.W.

Expression profiling and bioinformatics group: SpiroMeta consortium: I.P.H., M.O., I. Sayers, M.S.A., M.D.T., L.V.W. CHARGE consortium: S.A.G., D.W.L.

Writing group: SpiroMeta consortium: P.E., I.P.H., M.O., M.S.A., D.P.S., M.D.T., L.V.W. CHARGE consortium: S.J.L., D.W.L., S.A.G., G.T.O., V.G., B.H.Ch.S., W.T.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence toStephanie J London or Martin D Tobin.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

I.B. and spouse own stock in Incyte Ltd and GlaxoSmithKline. F.N. is employed by AstraZeneca R&D, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden. D.S.P. has received unrestricted research grants from and has been a consultant to AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Nycomed and TEVA. C.F. is a full-time employee of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), and GSK also funded several aspects of the study as detailed in the Acknowledgements section for Ox-GSK.

Additional information

A full list of members is provided in the Supplementary Note.

Supplementary information

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Artigas, M., Loth, D., Wain, L. et al. Genome-wide association and large-scale follow up identifies 16 new loci influencing lung function.Nat Genet 43, 1082–1090 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.941

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Received: 20 April 2011
Accepted: 19 August 2011
Published: 25 September 2011
Issue date: November 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.941