Neurotrophins as synaptic modulators (original) (raw)

References

  1. Levi-Montalcini, R. The nerve growth factor 35 years later. Science 235 , 1154–1162 (1987).
    Google Scholar
  2. Korsching, S. & Thoenen, H. Nerve growth factor in sympathetic ganglia and corresponding target organs of the rat: Correlation with density of sympathetic innervation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 80, 3513–3516 (1983).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  3. Hendry, I. A., Stockel, K., Thoenen, H. & Iversen, L. L. The retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor. Brain Res. 68, 103–121 (1974).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  4. Distefano, P. S. et al. The neurotrophins BDNF, NT-3, and NGF display distinct patterns of retrograde axonal transport in peripheral and central neurons. Neuron 8, 983–993 ( 1992)
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  5. Lewin, G. R. & Barde, Y.-A. Physiology of the neurotrophins . Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 19, 289– 317 (1996).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  6. Reichardt, L. & Farinas, I. in Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Neural Development (eds Cowan, W. M., Jessell, T. M. & Zipursky, L.) 220–263 (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1997).
    Google Scholar
  7. Greene, L. A. & Kaplan, D. R. Early events in neurotrophin signaling via Trk and p75 receptors. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 5 , 579–587 (1995).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  8. Barker, P. A. & Shooter, E. M. Disruption of NGF binding to the low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75LNTR reduces NGF binding to TrkA on PC12 cells. Neuron 13, 203– 215 (1994).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  9. Phelan, K. A., Sherr E. H., Aletta, J. M. & Greene, L. A. in The Nerve Growth Cone (eds Letourneau, P. C., Kater, S. B. & Macagno, E. R.) 151–166 (New York, Raven Press, 1991).
    Google Scholar
  10. Gallo, G. & Letourneau, P. C. Localized sources of neurotrophins initiate axon collateral sprouting. J. Neurosci. 18 , 5403–5414 (1998).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  11. McAllister, A. K., Lo, D. C. & Katz, L. C. Neurotrophins regulate dendritic growth in developing visual cortex. Neuron 15, 791– 803 (1995).First evidence that the pattern of dendritic growth in the cortex can be regulated by various neurotrophins in a layer-specific manner.
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  12. Cohen-Cory, S. & Fraser, S. E. Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on optic axon branching and remodelling in vivo. Nature 378, 192–196 ( 1995).A clear demonstration that a neurotrophin can induce rapid morphological changes of developing axons in the living Xenopus brain.
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  13. Gundersen, R. W. & Barrett, J. N. Characterization of the turning response of dorsal root neurites toward nerve growth factor . J. Cell Biol. 87, 546– 554 (1980).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  14. Song, H.-J., Ming, G-L. & Poo, M.-M. A cAMP-induced switching of turning direction of nerve growth cones. Nature 388, 275– 279 (1997).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  15. Rudy, B., Kirschenbaum, B., Rukenstein, A. & Greene, L. A. Nerve growth factor increases the number of functional Na channels and induces TTX-resistant Na channels in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. J. Neurosci. 7, 1613–1625 ( 1987).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  16. Lesser, S. S., Sherwood, N. T. & Lo, D. C. Neurotrophins differentially regulate voltage-gated ion channels. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 10, 173 –183 (1997).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  17. Lohof, A. M., Ip, N. Y. & Poo, M.-M. Potentiation of developing neuromuscular synapses by the neurotrophins NT-3 and BDNF. Nature 363, 350–353 (1993).The first demonstration that neurotrophins can potentiate synaptic transmission by enhancing spontaneous and evoked transmitter release.
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  18. Lessmann, V., Gottmann, K. & Heumann, R. BDNF and NT-4/5 enhance glutamatergic synaptic transmission in cultured hippocampal neurons. Neuroreport 6, 21–25 (1994).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  19. Kang, H. & Schuman, E. M. Long-lasting neurotrophin-induced enhancement of synaptic transmission in the adult hippocampus. Science 267, 1658–1662 ( 1995).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  20. McAllister, A. K., Katz, L. C. & Lo, L. C. Neurotrophins and synaptic plasticity. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 22, 295–318 (1999).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  21. Schuman, E. M. Neurotrophin regulation of synaptic transmission. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 9, 105–109 ( 1999).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  22. Schinder, A. F. & Poo, M.-M. The neurotrophin hypothesis for synaptic plasticity. Trends Neurosci. (in the press).
  23. Gall, C. M. & Isackson, P. J. Limbic seizures increase neuronal production of messenger RNA for nerve growth factor. Science 245, 758–761(1989).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  24. Zafra, F., Hengerer, B., Leibrock, J., Thoenen, H. & Lindholm, D. Activity dependent regulation of BDNF and NGF mRNAs in the rat hippocampus is mediated by non-NMDA glutamate receptors. EMBO J. 9, 3545– 3550 (1990).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  25. Ernfors, P., Bengzon, J., Kokaia, Z., Persson, H. & Lindvall, O. Increased levels of messenger RNAs for neurotrophic factors in the brain during kindling epileptogenesis. Neuron 7, 165–176 (1991).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  26. Patterson, S. L., Grover, L. M., Schwartzkroin, P. A. & Bothwell, M. Neurotrophin expression in rat hippocampal slices; a stimulus paradigm inducing LTP in CA1 evokes increases in BDNF and NT-3 mRNAs. Neuron 9, 1081–1088 (1992).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  27. Castraen, E. et al. The induction of LTP increases BDNF and NGF mRNA but decreases NT-3 mRNA in the dentate gyrus. Neuroreport 4, 895–898 (1993).
    Google Scholar
  28. Castraen, E., Zafra, F., Thoenen, H. & Lindholm, D. Light regulates expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in rat visual cortex . Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 89, 9444– 9448 (1992).
    Google Scholar
  29. Zafra, F., Castren, E., Thoenen, H. & Lindholm, D. Interplay between glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid transmitter systems in the physiological regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor synthesis in hippocampal neurons. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88 , 10037–10041(1991).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  30. Lu, B., Yokoyama, M., Dreyfus, C. F. & Black, I. B. Depolarizing stimuli regulate nerve growth factor gene expression in cultured hippocampal neurons. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 6289–6292 (1991).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  31. Lindholm, D., Castren, E., Berzaghi, M., Blochl, A. & Thoenen, H. Activity-dependent and hormonal regulation of neurotrophin mRNA levels in the brain -- implications for neuronal plasticity. J. Neurobiol. 25, 1362– 1372 (1994).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  32. Berninger, B., Marty, S., Zafra, F., Berzaghi, M. P. & Thoenen, H. GABAergic stimulation switches from enhancing to repressing BDNF expression in rat hippocampal neurons during maturation in vitro. Development 121, 2327–2235 (1995).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  33. Funakoshi, H. et al. Muscle-derived neurotrophin-4 as an activity-dependent trophic signal for adult motor neurons. Science 268, 1495–1499 (1995).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  34. Steward, O. & Levy, W. B. Preferential localization of polyribosomes under the base of dendritic spines in granule cells of the dentate gyrus. J. Neurosci. 2, 284–291 (1982).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  35. Tiedge, H. & Brosius, J. Translational machinery in dendrites of hippocampal neurons in culture. J. Neurosci. 16, 7171–7181 (1996).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  36. Tongiorgi, E., Righi, M & Cattaneo, A. Activity-dependent dendritic targeting of BDNF and TrkB mRNAs in hippocampal neurons. J. Neurosci. 17, 9492–9505 (1997).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  37. Kang, H., & Schuman, E. M. A requirement for local protein synthesis in neurotrophin-induced hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Science 273, 1402–1406 ( 1996).Indirect evidence that strongly argues for a role for neurotrophin-induced local protein synthesis in the dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus.
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  38. Casadio, A. et al. A transient, neuron-wide form of CREB-mediated long-term facilitation can be stabilized at specific synapses by local protein synthesis. Cell 99, 221–237 ( 1999).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  39. Huber, K. M., Kayser, M. S. & Bear, M. F. Role for rapid dendritic protein synthesis in hippocampal mGluR-dependent long-term depression. Science 288, 1254–1257 (2000).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  40. Steward, O. mRNA localization in neurons: a multipurpose mechanism. Neuron 18, 9–12 (1997 ).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  41. Moller, J. C., Kruttgen, A., Heymach, J. V., Ghori, N. & Shooter, E. M. Subcellular localization of epitope-tagged neurotrophins in neuroendocrine cells. J. Neurosci. Res. 51, 41–48 (1998).
    Google Scholar
  42. Fawcett, J. P. et al. Detection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a vesicular fraction of brain synaptosomes. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 8837–8840 (1997).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  43. Conner, J. M., Lauterborn, J. C., Yan, Q., Gall, C. M. & Varon, S. Distribution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein and mRNA in the normal adult rat CNS: evidence for anterograde axonal transport. J. Neurosci. 17, 2295– 2313 (1997).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  44. Altar, C. A. et al. Anterograde transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its role in the brain. Nature. 389, 856–860 (1997).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  45. von Bartheld, C. S., Byers, M. R., Williams, R. & Bothwell, M. Anterograde transport of neurotrophins and axodendritic transfer in the developing visual system. Nature 379, 830– 833 (1996).A direct demonstration of the existence of both anterograde and retrograde transport, as well as interneuronal transfer of neurotrophins in the nervous system.
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  46. Heumann, R., Schwab, M. & Thoenen, H. A second messenger required for nerve growth factor biological activity? Nature 292, 838– 840 (1981).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  47. Riccio, A. Pierchala, B. A., Ciarallo, C. L. & Ginty, D. O. An NGF–TrkA-mediated retrograde signal to transcription factor CREB in sympathetic neurons. Science 277, 1097 –1100 (1997).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  48. Tsui-Pierchala, B. A. & Ginty, D. D. Characterization of an NGF-P-TrkA retrograde-signaling complex and age-dependent regulation of TrkA phosphorylation in sympathetic neurons. J. Neurosci. 19, 8207–8218 (1999).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  49. von Bartheld, C. S. et al. Retrograde transport of neurotrophins from the eye to the brain in chick embryos: roles of the p75NTR and trkB receptors. J. Neurosci. 16, 2995–3008 (1996).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  50. Dan, Y., Song, H.-J. & Poo, M.-M. Evoked neuronal secretion of false transmitters. Neuron 13, 909–917 ( 1994).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  51. Poo, M.-M., Dan, Y., Song, H.-J., Morimoto, T. & Popov, S. Calcium-dependent vesicular exocytosis: from constitutive to regulated secretion. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 60, 349–359 (1996).
    Google Scholar
  52. Meyer-Franke, A. et al. Depolarization and cAMP elevation rapidly recruit TrkB to the plasma membrane of CNS neurons. Neuron. 21, 681–693 (1998).Evidence indicating that electrical activity and cyclic AMP may regulate the exocytotic fusion of post-Golgi membrane precursor vesicles, a pathway conventionally considered to be 'constitutive'.
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  53. Du, J., Feng, L., Yang, F. & Lu, B. Activity- and Ca2+-dependent modulation of surface expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptors in hippocampal neurons. J. Cell Biol. 150, 1423–1434 (2000).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  54. Wang, X.-H. & Poo, M.-M. Potentiation of developing synapses by postsynaptic secretion of NT-4. Neuron 19, 825–835 (1997).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  55. Blöchl, A. & Thoenen, H. Characterization of nerve growth factor (NGF) release from hippocampal neurons: evidence for a constitutive and an unconventional sodium-dependent regulated pathway. Eur. J. Neurosci. 7, 1220–1228 (1995).The first evidence that neurotrophin secretion from neurons can be triggered by membrane depolarization.
    PubMed Google Scholar
  56. Goodman, L. J. et al. Regulated release and polarized localization of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampal neurons. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 7, 222–238 ( 1996).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  57. Balkowiec, A. & Katz, D. M. Activity-dependent release of endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor from primary sensory neurons detected by ELISA in situ. J. Neurosci. 20, 7417 –7423 (2000).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  58. Heymach, J. V., Kruttgen, A., Suter, U. & Shooter, E. M. The regulated secretion and vectorial targeting of neurotrophins in neuroendocrine and epithelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 25430– 25437 (1996).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  59. Peng, Y. & Zucker, R. S. Release of LHRH is linearly related to the time integral of presynaptic Ca2+ elevation above a threshold level in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia. Neuron 10, 465–473 (1993).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  60. Canossa, M. et al. Neurotrophin release by neurotrophins: implications for activity-dependent neuronal plasticity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 13279–13286 (1997).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  61. Kruttgen, A., Moller, J. C., Heymach J. V. & Shooter, E. M. Neurotrophins induce release of neurotrophins by the regulated secretory pathway . Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 9614– 9619 (1998).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  62. Berninger, B., García, D. E., Inagaki, N., Hahnel, C. & Lindholm, D. BDNF and NT-3 induce intracellular Ca2+ elevation in hippocampal neurons. Neuroreport 4, 1303–1306 ( 1993).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  63. Stoop, R. & Poo, M.-M. Synaptic potentiation by neurotrophic factors: differential and synergistic actions of BDNF and CNTF. J. Neurosci. 16, 3256–3264 (1996).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  64. Kafitz, K. W., Rose, C. R., Thoenen, H. & Konnerth, A. Neurotrophin-evoked rapid excitation through TrkB receptors. Nature 401 , 918–921 (1999).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  65. Purves, D. & Nja, A. in Neuronal Plasticity. (ed. Cotman, C. W.) 27–47 (Raven, New York, 1978).
    Google Scholar
  66. Fitzsimonds, R., Song, H.-J. & Poo, M.-M. Propagation of activity-dependent synaptic depression in small neural networks. Nature 388, 439 –448 (1997).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  67. Tao, H., Zhang, L., Bi, G. & Poo, M.-M. Selective presynaptic propagation of long-term potentiation in defined neural networks. J. Neurosci. 20, 3233–3243 (2000).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  68. Fischbach, G. D. & Rosen, K. M. ARIA: a neuromuscular junction neuregulin. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 20, 429–458 (1997).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  69. McMahan, U. J. The agrin hypothesis. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 50, 407–418 (1990).
    Google Scholar
  70. Loeb, J. A. & Fischbach, G. D. Neurotrophic factors increase neuregulin expression in embryonic ventral spinal cord neurons. J. Neurosci. 17, 1416–1424 (1997).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  71. Wang, T., Xie, K. & Lu, B. Neurotrophins promote maturation of developing neuromuscular synapses. J. Neurosci. 15, 4796–4805 (1995).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  72. Liou, J. C. & Fu, W. M. Regulation of quantal secretion from developing motorneurons by postsynaptic activity-dependent release of NT-3 . J. Neurosci. 17, 2459– 2468 (1997).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  73. Gonzalez, M. et al. Disruption of TrkB-mediated signaling induces disassembly of postsynaptic receptor clusters at neuromuscular junctions. Neuron 24, 567–583 ( 1999).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  74. Nawa, H., Pelleymounter, M. A. & Carnahan, J. Intraventricular administration of BDNF increases neuropeptide expression in newborn rat brain. J. Neurosci. 14, 3751–3765 (1994).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  75. Narisawa-Saito M., Carnahan, J., Araki, K., Yamaguchi, T. & Nawa, H. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates the expression of AMPA receptor proteins in neocortical neurons. Neuroscience 88, 1009–1014 ( 1999).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  76. Huang, Z. J. et al. BDNF regulates the maturation of inhibition and the critical period of plasticity in mouse visual cortex. Cell 98 , 739–755 (1999).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  77. Streit, F. & Lux, H. D. Voltage dependent calcium currents in PC12 growth cones and cells during NGF-induced cell growth. Eur. J. Physiol. 408, 634–641 (1987).
    CAS Google Scholar
  78. Sherma, N., D'Arcangelo, G., Kleinlaus, A., Halegoua, S. & Trimmer, J. S. Nerve growth factor regulates the abundance and distribution of K channels in PC12 cells. J. Cell Biol. 123, 1835–1843 (1993).
    Google Scholar
  79. Xie, Z.-P. & Poo, M.-M. Initial events in the formation of neuromuscular synapse: Rapid induction of acetylcholine release. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 83, 7069– 7073 (1986).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  80. Lockhart, S. T., Turrigiano, G. G. & Birren, S. J. Nerve growth factor modulates synaptic transmission between sympathetic neurons and cardiac myocytes. J. Neurosci. 17, 9573–9582 ( 1997).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  81. Levine, E. S., Dreyfus, C. F., Black, I. B. & Plummer, M. R. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor rapidly enhances synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons via postsynaptic tyrosine kinase receptors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 8074– 8077 (1995).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  82. Carmignoto, G., Pizzorusso, T., Tia, S. & Vicini, S. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor potentiate excitatory synaptic transmission in the rat visual cortex. J. Physiol. 498, 153–164 (1997).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  83. Messaoudi, E., Baardsen, K., Srebro, B. & Bramham, C. R. Acute intrahippocampal infusion of BDNF induces lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the rat dentate gyrus. J. Neurophysiol. 79, 496–499 (1998).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  84. Li, Y. X. et al. Expression of a dominant negative TrkB receptor, T1, reveals a requirement for presynaptic signaling in BDNF-induced synaptic potentiation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 10884–10889 (1998).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  85. Sherwood, N. T. & Lo, D. C. Long-term enhancement of central synaptic transmission by chronic brain-derived neurotrophic factor treatment. J. Neurosci. 19, 7025– 7036 (1999).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  86. Kim, H. G., Wang, T., Olafsson, P. & Lu, B. Neurotrophin 3 potentiates neuronal activity and inhibits γ-aminobutyratergic synaptic transmission in cortical neurons. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 12341–12345 (1994).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  87. Tanaka, T., Saito, H. & Matsuki, N. Inhibition of GABAA synaptic responses by brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF in rat hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 17, 2959–2966 ( 1997).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  88. Frerking, M., Malenka, R. C. & Nicoll, R. A. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF modulates inhibitory, but not excitatory, transmission in the CA1 region of the hippocampus . J. Neurophysiol. 80, 3383– 3386 (1998).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  89. Balkowiec, A., Kunze, D. L. & Katz, D. M. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor acutely inhibits AMPA-mediated currents in developing sensory relay neurons. J. Neurosci. 20, 1904–1911 (2000).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  90. Lessmann, V. & Heumann, R. Modulation of unitary glutamatergic synapses by neurotrophin-4/5 of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampal microcultures: presynaptic enhancement depends on pre-established paired-pulse facilitation. Neuroscience 86, 399– 413 (1998).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  91. Berninger, B., Schinder, A. & Poo, M.-M. Synaptic reliability correlates with reduced susceptibility to synaptic potentiation by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Learn. Mem. 6, 232–242 ( 1999).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  92. Schinder, A., Berninger, B. & Poo, M.-M. Target-cell specific potentiation of glutamatergic synapses by neurotrophins. Neuron 25, 151 –163 (2000).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  93. Pozzo-Miller, L. D. et al. Impairments in high-frequency transmission, synaptic vesicle docking, and synaptic protein distribution in the hippocampus of BDNF knockout mice. J. Neurosci. 19, 4972– 4983 (1999).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  94. Jovanovic, J. N., Czernik, A. J., Fienberg, A. A., Greengard, P. & Sihra, T. S. Synapsins as mediators of BDNF-enhanced neurotransmitter release. Nature Neurosci. 3, 323–329 (2000).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  95. Stoop, R. & Poo, M.-M. Potentiation of transmitter release by ciliary neurotrophic factor requires somatic signaling. Science 267, 695–699 ( 1995).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  96. Wang, X.-H., Berninger, B. & Poo, M.-M. Localized synaptic actions of neurotrophin-4. J. Neurosci. 18, 4985–4992 (1998).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  97. Boulanger, L. & Poo, M.-M. Presynaptic depolarization facilitates neurotrophin-induced synaptic potentiation. Nature Neurosci. 2, 346–351 (1999).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  98. Boulanger, L. & Poo, M.-M. Gating of BDNF-induced synaptic potentiation by cAMP. Science 284, 1982– 1984 (1999).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  99. McAllister, A. K., Katz, L. C. & Lo, D. C. Neurotrophin regulation of cortical dendritic growth requires activity. Neuron 17, 1057– 1064 (1996).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  100. Meyer-Franke, A., Kaplan, M. R., Pfrieger, F. W. & Barres, B. A. Characterization of the signaling interactions that promote the survival and growth of developing retinal ganglion cells in culture. Neuron 15, 805–819 ( 1995).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  101. Shaywitz, A. J. & Greenberg, M. E. CREB: a stimulus-induced transcription factor activated by a diverse array of extracellular signals . Annu. Rev. Biochem. 68, 821– 861 (1999).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  102. Hoeker, V., Shewan, D., Tessier-Lavigne, M., Poo, M.-M. & Holt, C. Conversion of netrin-1 induced attraction to repulsion by laminin-1. Nature 401, 69 –73 (1999).
    Google Scholar
  103. Korte, M. et al. Virus-mediated gene transfer into hippocampal CA1 region restores long-term potentiation in brain-derived neurotrophic factor mutant mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 12547– 12552 (1996).This report provided the critical evidence for the requirement of BDNF in the induction of long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  104. Patterson, S. L. et al. Recombinant BDNF rescues deficits in basal synaptic transmission and hippocampal LTP in BDNF knockout mice. Neuron 16 , 1137–1145 (1996).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  105. Figurov, A., Pozzo-Miller, L. D., Olafsson, P., Wang, T. & Lu, B. Regulation of synaptic responses to high-frequency stimulation and LTP by neurotrophins in the hippocampus. Nature 381, 706–709 ( 1996).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  106. Kang, H., Welcher, A. A., Shelton, D. & Schuman, E. M. Neurotrophins and time: different roles for TrkB signaling in hippocampal long-term potentiation. Neuron 19, 653– 664 (1997).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  107. Chen, G., Kolbeck, R., Barde, Y. A., Bonhoeffer, T. & Kossel, A. Relative contribution of endogenous neurotrophins in hippocampal long-term potentiation. J. Neurosci. 19, 7983–7990 ( 1999).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  108. Hall, J., Thomas, K. L. & Everitt, B. J. Rapid and selective induction of BDNF expression in the hippocampus during contextual learning. Nature Neurosci. 3, 533–535 ( 2000).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  109. Akaneya, Y., Tsumoto, T. & Hatanaka, H. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor blocks long-term depression in rat visual cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 76, 4198–4201 (1996).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  110. Huber, K. M., Sawtell, N. B. & Bear, M. F. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor alters the synaptic modification threshold in visual cortex. Neuropharmacology 37, 571–579 (1998).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  111. Kinoshita, S. et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevents low-frequency inputs from inducing long-term depression in the developing visual cortex. J. Neurosci. 19, 2122–2130 (1999).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  112. Korte, M., Kang, H., Bonhoeffer, T. & Schuman, E. A role for BDNF in the late-phase of hippocampal long-term potentiation. Neuropharmacology 37, 553–559 ( 1998).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  113. Trommald, M., Hulleberg, G. & Andersen, P. Long-term potentiation associated with new excitatory spine synapses on rat dentate granule cell. Learn. Mem. 3, 218–228 (1996).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  114. Maletic-Savatic, M., Malinow, R. & Svoboda, K. Rapid dendritic morphogenesis in CA1 hippocampal dendrites induced by synaptic activity. Science 283, 1923–1927 (1999).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  115. Engert, F. & Bonhoeffer, T. Dendritic spine changes associated with hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity. Nature 399, 66–70 (1999).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  116. Toni, N., Buchs, P. A., Nikonenko, L., Bron, C. R. &Muller, D. LTP promotes formation of multiple spine synapses between a single axon terminal and a dendrite. Nature 402, 421–425 ( 1999).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  117. Hubel, D. H. & Wiesel, T. N. Ferrier lecture. Functional architecture of macaque monkey visual cortex. Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. B 198, 1–59 (1977).
    CAS Google Scholar
  118. Katz, L. C. & Shatz, C. J. Synaptic activity and the construction of cortical circuits. Science 274, 1133– 1138 (1996).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  119. Maffei, L., Berardi, N., Domenici, L., Parisi, V. & Pizzorusso, T. Nerve growth factor (NGF) prevents the shift in ocular dominance distribution of visual cortical neurons in monocularly deprived rats. J. Neurosci. 12, 4651– 4662 (1992).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  120. Cabelli, R. J., Hohn, A. & Shatz, C. J. Inhibition of ocular dominance column formation by infusion of NT-4/5 or BDNF. Science 267, 1662– 1666 (1995).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  121. Cellerino, A. & Maffei, L. The action of neurotrophins in the development and plasticity of the visual cortex. Prog. Neurobiol. 49, 53–71 ( 1996).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  122. Cabelli, R. J., Shelton, D. L., Segal, R. A & Shatz, C. J. Blockade of endogenous ligands of TrkB inhibits formation of ocular dominance columns. Neuron 19, 63– 76 (1997).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  123. Zhang, L., Tao, H.-Z., Holt, C., Harris, W. & Poo, M.-M. A critical window in the cooperation and competition among developing retinotectal synapses. Nature 395, 37–44 (1998).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Download references