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音節helm 発音記号・読み方

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helm

音節 helm 発音記号・読み方 /hélm/ 発音を聞く

名詞としての「helm」のイディオムやフレーズ

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Helm

helm

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helm

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/04/22 19:19 UTC 版)

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: hĕlm, IPA: /hɛlm/
• 韻: -ɛlm

語源 1

The noun is derived from 中期英語 helm, helme (“tiller of a ship”), from 古期英語 helma (“helm, tiller”), from Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”), either from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”) or from the same source as haulm and helm (“bentgrass, straw”) (see below), Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”), one form of which then developed a specialized meaning “handle” in Germanic.

The verb is derived from the noun.

名詞

helm (plural helms)

1. (nautical) The tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to steer the rudder of a marine vessel; also, the entire steering apparatus of a vessel.
   • 1563 March 30 (Gregorian calendar), John Lambert, “The History of Master Ihon Lābert otherwise Called Nycolson, wyth the Actes and Processe of King Henrye the VIII. and the Byshops agaynst Hym, by whome He was Condempned and Burned at London. Anno. 1538.”, in John Foxe, Actes and Monuments of These Latter and Perillous Dayes, […], London: […] Iohn Day, […], →OCLC, book III, page [599]:
   • 1634, T[homas] H[erbert], “An Itinerarie of Some Yeares Trauaile, through Diuers Parts of Asia and Afrike, with the Description of the Orientall Indies, and Some Iles Adjacent. Especially the Territories of the Now Persian Monarchie: Included betwixt Mesopotamia, Indus, and the Caspian Sea”, in A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, […], London: […] William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, →OCLC, page 5:
   • 1755–1757 (date written), [Thomas] Gray, “Ode VI. The Bard. Pindaric.”, in The Poems of Mr. Gray. […], York, Yorkshire: […] A[nn] Ward; and sold by J[ames] Dodsley, […]; and J[ohn] Todd, […], published 1775, →OCLC, stanza II.2, page 31:
2. (by extension)
   1. (nautical) The use of a helm (sense 1); also, the amount of space through which a helm is turned.
   2. (nautical) The member of a vessel's crew in charge of steering the vessel; a helmsman or helmswoman.
      Synonym: (rare) helmsperson
   3. Something used to control or steer; also (obsolete), a handle of a tool or weapon; a haft, a helve.
      • 1614–1615, Homer, “The Fifth Book of Homer’s Odysseys”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume I, London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC, page 120, lines 311–313:
3. (figuratively)
   1. A position of control or leadership.
      • 1629 January 11 (Gregorian calendar), James Howell, “XXXIII. To the Right Honourable Sir Peter Wichts, Ambassador at Constantinople.”, in Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ. Familiar Letters Domestic and Forren. […], 3rd edition, volume I, London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], published 1655, →OCLC, section V, page 211:
   2. One in the position of controlling or directing; a controller, a director, a guide.
      • c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 1, column 2:

派生語

• answer the helm
• at the helm
• autohelm
• barrel helm
• behelmed
• close helm
• dishelm
• great helm
• helmage
• helmless
• helm port
• helm-port
• helm-port, helm port
• helmsman
• helmsperson
• helmswoman
• take the helm
• unhelm
• uphelm
• weather helm

動詞

helm (third-person singular simple present helms, present participle helming, simple past and past participle helmed) (transitive)

1. (nautical) To control the helm (noun sense 1) of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel).
   • 1890, H[enry] Rider Haggard, Andrew Lang, “The Blood-red Sea”, in The World’s Desire, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, book I, page 41:
2. (figuratively) To direct or lead (a project, etc.); to manage (an organization).
   • 1601 (date written), Iohn Marston [i.e., John Marston], What You Will, London: […] G[eorge] Eld, for Thomas Thorppe, published 1607, →OCLC, Act II, signature C3, verso:
   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 73, column 2:

Conjugation

名詞

helm (plural helms)

1. (archaic or poetic) A helmet.
   • c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 840–843:
   • 1716, Homer, translated by Alexander Pope, “Book V”, in The Iliad of Homer, volume II, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC, page 59, lines 918–921:
2. (Can we verify this sense?) (heraldry) Synonym of helmet (“the feature above a shield on a coat of arms”).
3. (by extension)
   1. (Northern England) A shelter for cattle or other farm animals; a hemmel, a shed.
   2. (Northern England (Cumberland, Westmorland)) A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain, especially one associated with a storm.
   3. (obsolete)
      1. (except British, dialectal) The crown or top of something.
      2. (alchemy, chemistry) The upper part or cap of an alembic or retort.
         * 1610 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Alchemist, London: […] Thomas Snodham, for Walter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, […], published 1612, →OCLC, Act II, scene i:

動詞

helm (third-person singular simple present helms, present participle helming, simple past and past participle helmed)

1. (transitive, archaic or poetic) To cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet; to helmet.
   Synonym: behelm
   • c. 1684 – 1691 (date written), [John] Dryden, King Arthur: Or, the British Worthy. A Dramatick Opera. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1691, →OCLC, Act I, page 3:
   • 1796, Robert Southey, “Book the Seventh”, in Joan of Arc, an Epic Poem, Bristol: […] Bulgin and Rosser, for Joseph Cottle, […], and Cadell and Davies, and G. G. and J. Robinson, […], →OCLC, page 245, lines 479–480:

語源 4

The noun is possibly:

• a variant of haulm; or
• from its etymon 中期英語 halm, helm, Early 中期英語 healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”) [and other forms], from 古期英語 healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”) or an unattested variant *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (see Proto-West Germanic *helm) or *halmaz (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”).

The verb is either derived from the noun, or is possibly a variant of yelm.

• Dutch helm (“haulm”); helm, hellem, hellim (“straw”) (dialectal)
• Low German helm (“haulm”) (hallem (Heligoland), halm (Holstein))

名詞

helm (countable and uncountable, plural helms)

1. (countable) A stalk of corn, or (uncountable) stalks of corn collectively (that is, straw), especially when bundled together or laid out straight to be used for thatching roofs.
   Synonyms: (bundle of straw for thatching) thatch, yelm
2. (uncountable) Alternative form of haulm (“the stems of various cultivated plants, left after harvesting the crop, which are used as animal food or litter, or for thatching”).
   • 1583, John Foxe, “Notes Omitted of Them that Were Burnt at Bristol”, in Stephen Reed Cattley, editor, The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe: […], new edition, volume VIII, London: R. B. Seeley and W. Burnside; and sold by L. & G. Seeley, […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 737:
3. (uncountable, obsolete) Synonym of bentgrass (“any of numerous reedy grass species of the genus _Agrostis_”)

参照

1. ^ “helm(e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
2. ^ Compare “helm, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, March 2022; “helm, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
3. ↑ Kroonen, Guus (2011), “*helm, *hulmaz”, in The Proto-Germanic _n_-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 162
4. ^ “helm, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, March 2021; “helm, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
5. ^ “helm, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
6. ^ Compare “helm, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, March 2022; “helm, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
7. ^ “helmen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
8. ^ “helm, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, March 2021.
9. ^ “helm, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2020.
10. ^ “halm, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
11. ^ “helm, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2018.

Further reading

• “helm”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• helmet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• helmsman on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• ship's wheel on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• tiller on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• helm (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Joseph Wright, editor (1902), “HELM, _sb._”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volume III (H–L), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 136, column 2.
• Joseph Wright, editor (1902), “HELM, _sb._”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volume III (H–L), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 137, column 1.

名詞

helm m

1. helmet
   • Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
     Đā andwyrde Martinus unforht ðām cāsere, "Iċ wille ðurhgān orsorh ðone here, mid rōde tācne ġewǣpnod, nā mid rēadum sċylde, oððe mid hefeġum helme, oððe heardre byrnan." Đa hēt sē hǣðena cyning healdan Martinum, þæt hē wurde āworpen unġewǣpnod ðām here. Þā nolde sē Hǣlend his ðeġen forlǣtan, ac ġesibbode þæt folc sōna þǣs on merien, þæt hī tō þǣs cāseres cyneġyrde ġebugon.
     Then the bold Martinus answered the emperor "I will go fearlessly through the army, armed with a crucifix, not with a red shield, nor with a heavy helmet, nor a hard corselet." So the heathen king ordered that Martinus be held so he could be thrown unarmed into the army. But the Savior would not abandon his servant, and in the morning soon pacified the people so that they submitted to the emperor's sceptre.
2. protection, defence
3. covering, crown
   • Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
     Hwīlon cōm sē dēofol, on ānre dīgelnysse, mid purpuran ġescrȳd, and mid helme ġeglenġd, tō ðām hālgan were, þǣr hē hine ġebǣd, and cwæð, þæt hē wǣre witodlīċe sē Hǣlend.
     Once the Devil came, shrouded in a purple garment and adorned with a crown, to the holy man in a recess where he was praying, and said that he was truly the Savior.
4. summit, top (of trees)
5. protector, lord

派生語

• bānhelm (“helmet, shield”)

• bārhelm (“helmet with the image of a boar”)

• behelmian (“to cover over”)

• cynehelm (“crown”)

• cynehelmian (“to crown”)

• grīmhelm (“helmet (with visor)”)

• gūþhelm (“helmet”)

• hæleþhelm, heoloþhelm (“helmet which makes the wearer invisible”)

• hēahhelm (“loftily crested”)

• helmberend (“helmeted warrior”)

• helmian (“to cover, crown; provide with a helmet”)

• hilman (“helmet, cover”)

• īsernhelm (“iron helmet”)

• lēafhelmig (“leafy at the top”)

• leþerhelm (“leathern helmet”)

• lyfthelm (“air, mist, cloud”)

• misthelm (“covering of mist”)

• nihthelm (“shades of night”)

• oferhelmian (“to overshadow”)

• sceaduhelm (“darkness”)

• sundhelm (“covering of water, sea”)

• wæterhelm (“covering of ice”)

• wuldorhelm (“crown of glory”)

• Ælfhelm

• Baldhelm

• Burghelm

• Cynehelm

• Dæġhelm

• Ēadhelm

• Ealdhelm

• Hēahhelm

• Helmþrȳþ

• Helmwald

• Nōþhelm

• Siġehelm

• Swīþhelm

• Tīdhelm

• Torhthelm

• Wealdhelm

• Wiġhelm

• Wynhelm

派生した語

• Middle English: helm
  • English: helm

名詞

helm (plural helmes or helmen)

1. A helmet; a piece of armoured headgear.
   • 1475, An Apology for Lollard Doctrines, Attributed to Wycliffe, quoting Ephesians 6:17:
2. (figurative) Any kind of protection or safeguarding.
3. (figurative, rare) A soldier; a fighting-man.
4. (rare, biblical) The crown of thorns that Jesus wore.

参照

• “helm, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 18 July 2018.

語源 2

語源 3

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Helm