Iroquois - Weblio 英和・和英辞典 (original) (raw)

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音節Ir・o・quois 発音記号・読み方

/írəkw`ɔɪ(米国英語), kw`ɔɪ(z)(英国英語)/

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Iroquois

音節 Ir・o・quois 発音記号・読み方 /írəkw`ɔɪ｜‐kw`ɔɪ(z)/

(《複数形》 音節 Ir・o・quois 発音記号・読み方 /‐kw`ɔɪ(z)/)

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iroquois

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Iroquois

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Iroquois

Iroquois

Iroquois

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Iroquois

語源

Attested in American English since the 1660s, from French Iroquois, Hiroquois (attested since the early 1600s).[1][2] The ultimate origin is uncertain.

Missionary Charles Arnaud derived it from Montagnais irno-kué (“terrible people”). Linguist Gordon Day notes that though no form irno "person" is attested, one is plausible (given iriniou かつ ilnu), but application to a non-Montagnais is unlikely, and kué is too short: the root is kwet-.[3] Day finds support for a longer form kwedɛč ("an Iroquois", lit. "terrible, frightening person") in Pacifique's Micmac grammar, in "goetètjg", and sees "fairly good indications that the name [i.e. _kwedɛč_] was an ancient one for Iroquoian peoples generally", but then "irno kwedɛč" would awkwardly mean "a person, an Iroquois", which could not have been a usual term.[3] Day theorizes the awkward phrase may nonetheless have been uttered by some interpreter and used thereafter by the unaware French, or alternatively the Montagnais may have borrowed an Iroquoian autonym whereafter Montagnais folk-etymologizers adapted it to resemble those words; for example, Mohawk i-ih rongwe (“man”) would have entered Montagnais as /iːrohkwe/.[3] (Some earlier scholars proposed that an Iroquoian term like the Mohawk term was the direct etymon of the French.)

Linguist Peter Bakker alternatively proposes that the etymon is a Basque pidgin word (h)ilokoa "killers" (mirroring Algonquian names for the Iroquois), from hil (“to kill”) and a suffix -koa (“those of”) which may be the source of some other tribal names ending in -quois.[4] Hilokoa, as Brad Loewen notes, is ungrammatical in standard Basque (Loewen suggests irikoa (“those of the walled town”) as an alternative etymon).[5]

発音

• IPA(key): /ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɔɪ/, /ˈɪɹ.ə.kɔɪ/
• (Canada) IPA(key): /ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɑː/

名詞

Iroquois (複数形 **Iroquois)

1. A member of a confederacy of (originally) five Native American (Indian) tribes: the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas. Also known as the Iroquois League.
2. A kind of hairdo where both sides of the head are shaved, leaving only a stripe of hair in the middle.

派生語

• Iroquoia
• Iroquois County
• Iroquois Falls

参照

1. ^ “Iroquois”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
2. ^ “Iroquois”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Gordon Day, Iroquois: An Etymology (1968)
4. ^ Peter Bakker, A Basque etymology for the amerindian tribal name Iroquois, Man in the Northeast 40 (1990): 89-93
5. ^ Brad Loewen, Contact in the 16th century (2016)

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Iroquois

出典:『Wikipedia』 (2011/06/09 21:36 UTC 版)

英語による解説

ウィキペディア英語版からの引用

引用

The Iroquois (pronounced /ˈɪrəkwɔɪ/), also known as the Haudenosaunee or the "People of the Longhouse", are an association of several tribes of indigenous people of North America. After the Iroquoian-speaking peoples coalesced as distinct tribes, based mostly in present-day central and upstate New York, in the 16th century or earlier they came together in an association known today as the Iroquois League, or the "League of Peace and Power". The original Iroquois League was often known as the Five Nations, as it was composed of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca nations. After the Tuscarora nation joined the League in 1722, the Iroquois became known as the Six Nations. The League is embodied in the Grand Council, an assembly of fifty hereditary sachems.

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Iroquois