ORTHOGRAPHY - Weblio 英和・和英辞典 (original) (raw)

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音節or・thog・ra・phy 発音記号・読み方

/ɔɚθάgrəfi(米国英語), ɔːθˈɔgrəfi(英国英語)/

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orthography

音節 or・thog・ra・phy 発音記号・読み方 /ɔɚθάgrəfi｜ɔːθˈɔg‐/

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orthography

音節or･thog･ra･phy発音記号・読み方ɔːrθɑ́grəfi|-θɔ́-
名詞

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orthography

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orthography

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orthography

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orthography

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/03/01 00:30 UTC 版)

語源

The noun is derived from Late 中期英語 ortografie, ortographie (“spelling”) [and other forms], and then either:

from Anglo-Norman ortografie, Middle French orthographie, ortografie, ortographie (“correct spelling; orthographic projection”) (compare Old French ortografie; modern French orthographe (“spelling, orthography”), orthographie (“orthographic project, orthography”)); or
from their etymon Latin orthographia (“correct spelling; building elevation”), from Koine Greek ὀρθογραφία (orthographía, “correct spelling”), from Ancient Greek ορθο- (ortho-, prefix meaning ‘right, proper; upright’) (from ὀρθός (orthós, “straight; erect, upright; correct, true”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ erdʰ- (“to grow, increase; high; upright”)) + -γραφίᾱ (-graphíā, suffix meaning ‘drawing; writing’) (from γρᾰ́φω (grắphō, “to cut into, scratch; to write”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to carve”)).

The English word is analyzable as ortho- (prefix meaning ‘proper, right; straight’) +‎ -graphy (suffix denoting something written or otherwise represented in a specified manner, or about a specified subject). The verb is derived from the noun. First use appears before c. 1460.

発音

(Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɔːˈθɒɡɹəfi/
(General American) enPR: ôrthäʹgrəfē, IPA: /ɔɹˈθɑɡɹəfi/
(Indic) IPA: /ɔ(ɾ)t̪ʰoɡɾæpʰi/
韻: -ɒɡɹəfi
ハイフネーション: or‧tho‧gra‧phy

名詞

orthography (countable and uncountable, plural orthographies)

(linguistics)
1. (countable) A method of representing a language or the sounds of language by written symbols; spelling.
  - 1829, John Jones, A Defence of the Reformed System of Welsh Orthography: […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] S. Collingwood, printer to the University, for the author, →OCLC, page 4:
    The Eisteddvod has not, however, been altogether inactive,—we are indebted to it for presenting us with several excellent prize compositions, both in poetry and prose; and as the subject of one of its essays, viz. that on Welsh orthography, is of peculiar interest to the Welsh writers of the present day, I have thought proper to select it for my present treatise, that I might offer a few observations upon it, and so become instrumental, if possible, in establishing the orthography of our language.
  - 2018, James Lambert, “Setting the Record Straight: An In-depth Examination of _Hobson-Jobson_”, in International Journal of Lexicography‎, volume 31, number 4, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 491:
2. (countable, more broadly) A set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, capitalization, emphasis, hyphenation, punctuation, and word breaks.
3. (uncountable) The aspect of language study concerned with letters and their sequences in words; the study of spelling.
4. (uncountable) Correct spelling according to established usage; also (obsolete) pronunciation according to the spelling of a word.
  Antonym: cacography
  - c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], page 136, column 1:
  - 1604 (date written), Iohn Marston [i.e., John Marston], Parasitaster, or The Fawne, […], London: […] T[homas] P[urfoot] for W[illiam] C[otton], published 1606, →OCLC, Act IV, scene i:
  - 1621 May 15 (Gregorian calendar), James Howell, “XXVII. To My Brother Dr. Howel, from a Shipboard before Venice.”, in Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ. Familiar Letters Domestic and Forren. […], 3rd edition, volume I, London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], published 1655, →OCLC, section I, page 37:
  - 1742, [Daniel Defoe], “Letter VI. Containing a Description of the County of Dorset, Part of Somersetshire, Devonshire, Cornwall, &c.”, in A Tour thro’ the Whole Island of Great Britain. […], 3rd edition, volume I, London: […] J[ohn] Osborn, […], →OCLC, page 303:
  - 1807, George Gordon, Lord Byron, “[Fugitive Pieces.] Lachin y. Gair.”, in Hours of Idleness, a Series of Poems, Original and Translated, Newark [Nottinghamshire?]: […] S. and J. Ridge; […], published 1807, →OCLC, footnote *, page 130:
(countable, architecture) A form of projection used to represent three-dimensional objects in two dimensions, in which all the projection lines are orthogonal or perpendicular to the projection plane; an orthographic projection, especially when used to draw an elevation, vertical projection, etc., of a building; also (obsolete) a drawing made in this way.
Antonym: oblique projection
- 1664, John Evelyn, “An Account of Architects & Architecture, together with an Historical, and Etymological Explanation of Certain Tearms Particularly Affected by Architects”, in Roland Freart [i.e., Roland Fréart de Chambray], translated by John Evelyn, A Parallel of the Antient Architecture with the Modern, […], London: […] Tho[mas] Roycroft, for John Place, […], →OCLC, part, page 122:
(countable, obsolete) Synonym of orthographer (“someone knowledgeable in spelling rules”).

派生語

dysorthography
orthographer
orthographic
orthographical
orthographically
orthographise, orthographize
orthographist

動詞

orthography (third-person singular simple present orthographies, present participle orthographying, simple past and past participle orthographied)

(transitive, rare, archaic) To spell (words) or write (text) according to established usage.
- 1849 June, “Singing School Scene”, in The School Journal and Vermont Agriculturist, volume III, number 2, Windsor, Vt.: Bishop & Tracy, published 1849–1850, →OCLC, page 23, column 1:

参照

^ “ortografie, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
^ “orthography, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2022; “orthography, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

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