heaven - Weblio 英和・和英辞典 (original) (raw)

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意味・対訳 天、天空、天国、天界、極楽、天国の住民、神々、天人、たいへん幸福な状態、たいへん幸せな場所

音節heav・en 発音記号・読み方

/hév(ə)n(米国英語), ˈhevʌn(英国英語)/

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heaven

音節 heav・en 発音記号・読み方 /hév(ə)n/ 発音を聞く

名詞としての「heaven」のイディオムやフレーズ

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heaven（天国）

（Feels Like） Heaven

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heaven

帝京, ヘブン, 天, 天上, 上界, 皇天, 天堂, 雲の上, 天上界, お天道様, お天道さま, 御天道様, 御天道さま, 優勝, 天国, パライソ

heaven

Heaven

Heaven

Heaven (2002 film)

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heaven

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/05/19 02:51 UTC 版)

語源

From a wide variety of 中期英語 forms including hevene, heven, hevin, and hewin (“heaven, sky”), from 古期英語 heofon, heofone (“heaven, sky”), from Proto-West Germanic *hebn (“heaven, sky”), of uncertain origin.

Cognate with Scots heiven, hewin (“heaven, sky”), Middle Dutch heven (“sky, heaven”), Low German Heven (“heaven, sky”), and possibly the rare Icelandic and Old Norse hifinn (“heaven, sky”), which are all probably dissimilated forms of the Germanic root which appears in Old Norse himinn (“heaven, sky”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “heaven, sky”), Old Swedish himin, Old Danish himæn and probably also (in another variant form) Old Saxon himil, Old Dutch himil (modern Dutch hemel), and Old High German himil (German Himmel).

Accepting these as cognates, some scholars propose a further derivation from Proto-Germanic *himinaz (“cover, cloud cover, firmament, sky, heaven”).

発音

• IPA: /ˈhɛvən/, [ˈhɛvn̩]
• 韻: -ɛvən
• ハイフネーション: heav‧en

名詞

heaven (countable and uncountable, plural heavens)

1. The sky, specifically:
   1. (dated or poetic, now usually in the plural) The distant sky in which the sun, moon, and stars appear or move; the firmament; the celestial spheres.
      • 1535, Coverdale Bible, Ecclesiastes 3:1:
        All that is vnder the heauen.
      • c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:
      • 1656, Tho[mas] Stanley, “[The Doctrine of Plato Delivered by Alcinous.] Chap[ter] XIV. Of the Soul of the World, the Sphears and Stars.”, in The History of Philosophy, the Second Volume, volume II, London: […] Humphrey Moseley, and Thomas Dring: […], →OCLC, 5th part (Containing the Academick Philosophers), page 74:
      • 2006, Peter Carroll translating a maxim of the Southern Song dynasty in Between Heaven and Modernity: Reconstructing Suzhou, 1895–1937:
        Above is Heaven, Below are Suzhou and Hangzhou
   2. (obsolete) The near sky in which weather, flying animals, etc. appear; (obsolete) the atmosphere; the climate.
      • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:
   3. (obsolete) A model displaying the movement of the celestial bodies, an orrery.
2. (religion) The abode of God or the gods, traditionally conceived as beyond the sky; especially:
   1. (Christianity, usually capitalized) The abode of God and of the angels and saints in His presence.
      • 1560, Geneva Bible, Revelation 12:7–8:
        And there was a battel in heauen. Michael & his Angels foght againſt the dragon, and the dragon foght & his Angels. But they preuailed not, nether was their place founde anie more in heauen.
      • 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, line 263:
   2. (religion, by extension, often capitalized) The abode of the Abrahamic God; similar abodes of the gods in other religions and traditions, such as Mount Olympus.
      • c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:
      • 1649, Alexander Ross translating the Sieur Du Ryer, The Alcoran Of Mahomet, Translated out of the Arabique into French... newly Englished, 406:
        As he [_Muhammad_] was returning, in the fourth Heaven, Moses advised him to goe back to God.
   3. (by extension, usually capitalized) Providence, the will of God or the council of the gods; fate.
      • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:
      • 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
3. (religion) The afterlife of the blessed dead, traditionally conceived as opposed to an afterlife of the wicked and unjust (compare hell); specifically:
   • 1925 July 1, Ernest Hemingway, letter to F. Scott Fitzgerald:
     I wonder what your idea of heaven would be—A beautiful vacuum filled with wealthy monogamists, all powerful and members of the best families drinking themselves to death. And hell would probably be an ugly vacuum full of poor polygamists unable to obtain booze... To me heaven would be a big bull ring with me holding two barrera seats and a trout stream outside that no one else was allowed to fish in and two lovely houses in the town; one where I would have my wife and children and be monogamous and love them truly and well and the other where I would have my nine beautiful mistresses on 9 different floors...
   1. (Christianity, Islam) Paradise, the afterlife of the souls who are not sent to a place of punishment or purification such as hell, purgatory, or limbo; the state or condition of being in the presence of God after death.
      • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene 1]:
   2. (religion, by extension, often capitalized) The afterlife of the blessed dead in other religions and traditions, such as the Pure Land or Elysium.
4. (by extension) Any paradise; any blissful place or experience.
   • c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:
   • 1660 November 14, a speech in the House of Commons in W. Cobbett, Parl. Hist. (1808), IV 145:
     England, that was formerly the heaven, would be now the hell for women.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
   • 1782, F. Burney, Cecilia, I iii iv 51:
     Such a shop as that...would be quite a heaven upon earth to me.
5. (by extension) A state of bliss; a peaceful ecstasy.
   • 1550, J. Heywood, Dialogue Prov. Eng. Tongue, II vii:
     Husbandes are in heauen...whose wiues scold not.
6. (informal, with a modifier) Similarly blissful afterlives, places, or states for particular people, animals, or objects.

使用する際の注意点

• Frequently capitalized as 'Heaven' in all senses when regarded as a proper name. When used as a synonym for the impersonal sky, the word has typically been plural ("heavens" or "the heavens") since the 17th century, except in poetry.

同意語

• (sky): firmament, sky; welkin
• (paradise): paradise, kingdom come, Xanadu
• (entrance to heaven): pearly gates
• (blissful place or experience): delight, dream, paradise

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “paradise”): hell
• (antonym(s) of “blissful place or experience”): horror, nightmare

下位語

• cat heaven
• doggy heaven
• dog heaven
• hog heaven
• kitty heaven

派生語

• as high as heaven
• before heaven
• blue heaven
• breath of heaven
• by heaven
• cope of heaven
• cyberheaven
• die and go to heaven
• eye of heaven
• Father of Heaven
• for heaven's sake
• gift from heaven
• gift from the heavens
• God in heaven
• happy birthday in heaven
• heaven-born
• heaven-bound
• heaven-bow
• heaven-bridge
• heaven-burster
• heaven forbid
• heaven forfend
• heavenful
• heaven-gazer
• heaven god
• heaven help someone
• heaven helps those that help themselves
• heaven helps those who help themselves
• heaven-high
• heavenhood
• heavenise, heavenize
• heaven knows, heaven only knows
• heavenless
• heavenlike
• heavenly
• heaveno
• heaven of heaven
• heaven of heavens
• heaven on a stick
• heaven on earth
• heaven-plant
• heavens
• heavenscape
• heaven-sent
• heaven spot
• heaven tree
• heavenward
• heavenwards
• heaven-wide
• heaven worship
• hog heaven
• in heaven's name
• in the name of heaven
• Kingdom of Heaven
• knocking on heaven's door
• lemon heaven
• Mandate of Heaven
• manna from heaven
• match made in heaven
• midheaven
• move heaven and earth
• nigger heaven
• pennies from heaven
• rose of heaven
• seven minutes in heaven
• seventh heaven
• Son of Heaven
• stink to high heaven
• Temple of Heaven
• thank heaven
• Third Heaven
• to high heaven
• tree of heaven
• under heaven
• vault of heaven

参照

1. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary. "Heaven, v."
2. ^ Gerhard Köbler, Altenglisches Wörterbuch, entry "heofon"

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