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iste

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/11/06 11:38 UTC 版)

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɪs.tɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈis.t̪e]

使用する際の注意点

• This demonstrative determiner/pronoun is used to refer to a person or thing, or persons or things, near the listener. It contrasts with hic (“this”), which refers to people or things near the speaker, and ille (“that”), which refers to people or things far from both speaker and listener.
• As Latin had no person pronouns specifically meaning "he", "she" or "it", any of ille, iste, hic or (most frequently) is could assume that function.
• In Classical usage, iste frequently has a secondary, pejorative function of casting the referent in a negative light; for example, iste homō tends to mean "that (infamous/no good) man". This is opposite to ille, which is often used to cast the referent in a positive light. For example:
• For this reason, iste is often avoided in Classical usage as a neutral demonstrative. However, the pejorative function was missing or disappeared in Vulgar Latin, where iste was frequently used as a simple demonstrative and eventually came to replace hic in the meaning "this" (cf. Spanish este), sometimes strengthened with ecce (cf. French cet from Old French cist) or with eccum (cf. Italian questo).

等位語

派生語

• *ecce iste (Vulgar Latin)
• eccistum (Vulgar Latin)
• *eccum iste (Vulgar Latin)
• istic

派生した語

• Balkano-Romance:
  • Romanian: ăst
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Corsican: istu
  • Italian: esto, 'sto, ⇒ stesso
  • Neapolitan: stu, ⇒ stesso
  • Sicilian: stu
  • Venetan: sto
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Ligurian: sto
  • Lombard: sto
  • Piedmontese: ist, st, sto
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: sti (Forez), stu (Val Terbi), stú (Naisey), ⇒ stù sì, stù kyì (Naisey)
  • Old French: ist, es (early; last attested 11th c.)
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: este (Valencia), est (archaic)
  • Old Occitan: est, esto, sto
    * Gascon: este
    * Provençal: este, esto
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: esti
  • Leonese: esti
  • Mirandese: este
  • Mozarabic: שת (št)
  • Old Galician-Portuguese:
    * Galician: este, iste
    * Portuguese: este
  • Spanish: este
• Insular Romance
  • Sardinian: iste, istu

参照

• Sornicola, Rosanna. 2011. Per la storia dei dimostrativi romanzi: i tipi neutri [tso], [so], [ço], [tʃo] e la diacronia dei dimostrativi latini. Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 127. 1–80. §2.1.1.
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “ĭste”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 4: G H I, page 820

Further reading

• “iste”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “iste”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • men of that profession: qui ista profitentur

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