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larrikin

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larrikin

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/04/23 22:14 UTC 版)

語源

Origin uncertain, possibly from *larick (Northern England) (an unattested variant of lark (“bird of the family Alaudidae; frolic or romp, some fun; prank; (East Suffolk, obsolete) unruly or wild person”, noun), from laverock (“(chiefly Northern England, Scotland, archaic) lark (bird)”); compare the variant forms lairock, larrock (chiefly Northern England), larick, larrick (chiefly Scotland)) + -kin (diminutive suffix). However, the Oxford English Dictionary notes that it is not clear why a word attested in the West Midlands (particularly Warwickshire and Worcestershire) and in Southwest England (Cornwall) would be derived from a word from Northern England.

Other suggestions include the following:

• The word is an Irish policeman’s pronunciation of larking (“engaging in careless adventure, frolicking; engaging in harmless pranking, sporting”), heard by a reporter in a Melbourne police court around 1870. The Oxford English Dictionary states there is no evidence of such an incident having been reported in the local newspapers of the time, and that in any case the word is attested earlier in Cornwall, England (since the early 19th century), and in Australia (at least from 1867: see the quotation).
• The first element of the word is from the name of an unknown Irishman named Larry.

The adjective is from an attributive use of the noun.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈlæɹɪk(ɪ)n/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈlɛɹəkən/
• (General Australian) IPA: /ˈlæɹək(ə)n/
• ハイフネーション: lar‧ri‧kin

名詞

larrikin (plural larrikins)

1. (Australia, New Zealand, slang, historical) A young, brash, and impertinent, and possibly violent, troublemaker, especially one who is a gang member; a hooligan.
   Synonyms: (Australia, archaic) larry, (Australia, archaic) lary
   Coordinate term: donah
   • 1867 October 14 (date written), “The autobiography of a convict”, in The Empire, number 4,964, Sydney, N.S.W.: Samuel Bennett, published 16 October 1867, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 6, column 2:
   • 1870 November 22, Pro Bono Publico [pseudonym], “The larrikin nuisance. To the editor of the Advertiser.”, in The Geelong Advertiser, number 7505, Geelong, Vic.: […] [F]or the proprietors by Alfred Douglass, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 7:
     I wish to call your attention to the annoyance foot passengers are subject to by the ill-behaviour and disgraceful conduct exhibited by the larrikins, and also from men (who ought to know better), who infest the market reserve for the purpose of disposing of their wood, and who, until they do so, are the cause of the annoyance above referred to, which I suppose they would term amusing themselves. The rows and fights which they betimes indulge in, accompanied by some of the foulest and most blasphemous language, frequently to passers-by, and also the obstruction of the footpath, ought to attract the attention of those at whose hands the remedy lies.
   • 1907 June 17, Guy Baring, “Territorial and Reserve Forces Bill”, in The Parliamentary Debates (Authorised Edition), Fourth Series, Second Session of the Twenty-eighth Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland […], volume CLXXVI, London: Wyman and Sons, […] [for] His Majesty’s Stationery Office, →OCLC, column 247:
2. (by extension, Australia, slang) A high-spirited person who playfully rebels against authority and conventional norms; a maverick or scamp.
   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:maverick
   • 1881 August 18 (date delivered), [William Lodewyk] Crowther, “House of Assembly. Thursday, August 18. [The Volunteer Commission.]”, in The Tasmanian, volume X, number 34, Launceston, Tas.: [A]t the ‘Launceston Examiner’ Printing Office, […], by William Aikenhead, […], and by Henry Button, […], trading under the style or firm of Aikenhead and Button, published 20 August 1881, →OCLC, page 782, column 2:
   • 2006, Nick Economou, “Jeff Kennett: The Larrikin Metropolitan”, in Paul Strangio, Brian Costar, editors, The Victorian Premiers, 1856-2006, Leichhardt, N.S.W.: The Federation Press, →ISBN, page 363:

派生語

• larrikiness (archaic)
• larrikinish
• larrikinism
• larry, lary (archaic)

形容詞

larrikin (comparative more larrikin, superlative most larrikin)

1. (Australia, slang) Exhibiting the behaviour or characteristics of a larrikin (noun sense).
   1. (historical) Of or relating to, or behaving like, a hooligan; hooliganistic, thuggish.
      • 1870 November 22, Pro Bono Publico [pseudonym], “The larrikin nuisance. To the editor of the Advertiser.”, in The Geelong Advertiser, number 7505, Geelong, Vic.: […] [F]or the proprietors by Alfred Douglass, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 7:
      • 1947 August 18, “Editorial: The Vandal Streak”, in Alice Mabel Jackson, editor, The Australian Women’s Weekly, Sydney, N.S.W.: Consolidated Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 18, column 1:
      • 1995, Alistair Thomson, “A Crisis of Masculinity? Australian Military Manhood in the Great War”, in Joy Damousi, Marilyn Lake, editors, Gender and War: Australians at War in the Twentieth Century (Studies in Australian History), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, part 2 (Masculinities), page 138:
   2. (by extension) Playfully rebellious against and contemptuous of authority and convention; maverick.
      • 2002, Peter Craven, “Introduction”, in Peter Craven, editor, Quarterly Essay, volume 5, Melbourne, Vic.: Black Inc., Schwartz Publishing, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page iii:
      • 2006, Allon J. Uhlmann, “Family and Gender, and Society at Large”, in Family, Gender and Kinship in Australia: The Social and Cultural Logic of Practice and Subjectivity (Anthropology and Cultural History in Asia and the Indo-Pacific), Aldershot, Hampshire; Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate Publishing, →ISBN, page 151:

参照

1. ^ Joseph Wright, editor (1902), “LARK, v. and _sb._”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volume III (H–L), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 525, column 2.
2. ^ Joseph Wright, editor (1905), “[Supplement] LARRIKIN, _sb._”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volume VI (T–Z, Supplement, Bibliography and Grammar), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 143, column 2: “A mischievous or frolicsome youth.”
3. ↑ “larrikin, n. and adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2024; “larrikin, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
4. ^ See, for example, Rosamund [Davenport] Hill, Florence [Davenport] Hill (1875), “Orphan School—Adelaide Institute—Boys’ Reformatory”, in What We Saw in Australia, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, footnote, page 93: “The word “larrikin” is supposed to have originated in the pronunciation of an Irish policeman, who, on being asked what had caused the appearance before the magistrate of certain young offenders, accounted for it by saying “they had been ‘larrikin’” (larking).”

Further reading

• larrikin on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• W. S. Ramson, editor (1988), “larrikin”, in The Australian National Dictionary: A Dictionary of Australianisms on Historical Principles, Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 361.
• Frederick Ludowyk, Bruce Moore, editors (2007), “larrikin, _n._”, in The Australian Modern Oxford Dictionary, 3rd edition, Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 468, column 1.
• Melissa Bellanta (April 2013), “The Leary Larrikin”, in Ozwords‎, volume 22, number 1, Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press in partnership with the Australian National Dictionary Centre, Australian National University, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 27 December 2023, pages 1–3.

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