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lionism

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/11/26 17:52 UTC 版)

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈlaɪənɪzm̩/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈlaɪəˌnɪzəm/
• ハイフネーション: li‧on‧i‧sm

語源 1

From lion (“big cat (Panthera leo); (figurative) famous person regarded with interest and curiosity; person who shows attributes associated with the lion such as courage, ferocity, or strength”) +‎ -ism (suffix forming names of schools of thought, systems, or theories, or of tendencies of action, behaviour, condition, state, condition, or opinion belonging to a class or group of persons).

Sense 1 (“19th-century practice of bringing an interesting person or object into one’s home as entertainment for visitors; state of being such a person or object”) refers to the lions previously on display at a menagerie in the Tower of London, which existed till the 19th century. Sense 4 refers to the Lion of Judah, a hereditary title of Haile Selassie I (1892–1975), the Emperor of Ethiopia, who is revered by some members of the Rastafari movement as the messiah; the lion is thus a symbol of Rastafarianism.

名詞

lionism (plural lionisms)

1. (historical)
   1. The 19th-century practice of bringing a lion (“an interesting person or object”) into one’s home as entertainment for visitors.
      • 1832 April, H[arriet] M[artineau], “Art. I.—_Heads of the People. The ‘Lion’ of a Party._ London, 1839. [...] [book review]”, in The London and Westminster Review, volume XXXII, number II, London: […] C[harles] Reynell, […], →OCLC, pages 262 and 280:
      • 1837 May, “Human Zoology.—No. II. Lions.”, in Theodore Hook, editor, The New Monthly Magazine and Humorist, volume L, 2nd part, number CXCVIII, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 177:
      • 1839 August, “The Lion of the Coteries”, in William Tait, Christian Isobel Johnstone, editors, Tait’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume VI, number LXVIII, Edinburgh: William Tait; London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co.; Dublin: John Cumming, →OCLC, page 495, column 1:
      • 2009, Richard Salmon, “The Physiognomy of the Lion: Encountering Literary Celebrity in the Nineteenth Century”, in Tom Mole, editor, Romanticism and Celebrity Culture, 1750–1850, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, part I (Apparatus), page 60:
      • 2013, Páraic Finnerty, “‘This is the Sort of Fame for which I have Given My Life’: G[eorge] F[rederic] Watts, Edward Lear and Portraits of Fame and Nonsense”, in Charlotte Boyce, Páraic Finnerty, Anne-Marie Millim, Victorian Celebrity Culture and Tennyson’s Circle, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, →DOI, →ISBN, page 56:
      • 2016, John Plunkett, “Celebrity Culture”, in Juliet John, editor, The Oxford Handbook of Victorian Literary Culture, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, part III (Ways of Communicating: Print and Other Cultures), page 540:
   2. The state of being the lion (see above) of 19th-century hosts.
      • 1867 January 28 – March 8 (date written), Thomas Carlyle, “Appendix: Reminiscences of Sundry”, in James Anthony Froude, editor, Reminiscences, volume II, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1881, →OCLC, page 338:
      • 1909 May, Lionel Josaphare, “The Literary Lion”, in The Pacific Monthly: A Magazine of Education and Progress, volume XXI, number 5, Portland, Or.: The Pacific Monthly Company, →OCLC, page 458, column 2:
2. (by extension) The practice of lionizing (“treating a person as a celebrity or someone important”); also, the state of being lionized.
   • 1840 May 19, Thomas Carlyle, “Lecture V. The Hero as Man of Letters. Johnson, Rousseau, Burns.”, in On Heroes, Hero-Worship and The Heroic in History, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1840, →OCLC, page 179:
3. (pathology) The state of a person having a leonine facies, that is, facial features which resemble those of a lion as a result of some disease, especially a form of leprosy which causes leontiasis (“a medical condition characterized by an overgrowth of the cranial and facial bones”).
4. (Rastafari) The ideals of Rastafarianism.
   • 1980 December, Dennis Forsythe, “West Indian Culture through the Prism of Rastafarianism”, in R[alston] M[ilton] Nettleford, editor, Caribbean Quarterly: Rastafari, volume 26, number 4, Mona, Jamaica: Department of Extra-mural Studies, University of the West Indies, →ISSN, →JSTOR, →OCLC, pages 73 and 75:
   • 2010, Delano Vincent Palmer, “The Story of RastafarI”, in Messianic ‘I’ and Rastafari in New Testament Dialogue: Bio-narratives, the Apocalypse, and Paul’s Letter to the Romans, Lanham, Md.; Plymouth, Devon: University Press of America, →ISBN, part I (Chronological Overview), page 21:

参照

1. ^ “lionism, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
2. ^ “lionism, n.”, in Collins English Dictionary.

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