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luxus
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/04/28 23:55 UTC 版)
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɫuːk.sʊs], [ˈɫʊk.sʊs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈluk.sus]
- De Vaan 2008 reconstructs the vowel in the first syllable as short, but notes the problem of explaining why Lachmann's law did not apply. In contrast, Bennett 1907 marks it long, appealing to Romance descendants, although Bennett also gives luxus as an example of a word where it is difficult to decide whether the forms encountered in Romance are popular or learned.
語源 1
Perhaps from Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lug-sό-s, from Proto-Indo-European *léwg-os ~ *léwg-es-os (“bend, twist”), from *lewg- (“to bend”), whence also luctor (“to wrestle”). If this theory is accepted, then the term is cognate with Sanskrit rugṇá (“bent, broken”), Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”), Lithuanian lugnas, and Old Norse lykna (“to bend, close”).
語形変化
First/second-declension adjective.
語源 2
Disputed.
- The rare sense 'dislocation' is presumably an abstract u-stem noun (see -tus) formed on the same stem as the adjective luxus (see above).
- The more common sense 'luxury, extravagance' may be a metaphorical extension from "bending" to "lack of restraint". Alternatively, it may have a separate etymology from Proto-Indo-European *dluk-s-u-, a u-stem adjective built to *dluk-s-ό (“sweet”), itself perhaps from *dléwk-es- (“sweetness”), whence perhaps Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”). However, the etymology of the Greek term is highly contentious, and it may derive from a non-IE substrate. For a semantic association between "sweetness" and "luxury," compare Italian dolce vita.
名詞
lū̆xus m (genitive **lū̆xūs); fourth declension
- extravagance, luxury, excess, debauchery
- pomp, splendor
- (rare) a dislocation
Synonyms: lū̆xum, lū̆xātūra, lū̆xātiō- 234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De agri cultura 160, (Ambiguous; could instead be a form of the synonymous second-declension noun luxum, luxī n):
Ferrum insuper iactato. Ubi coierint et altera alteram tetigerint, id manu prehende et dextera sinistra praecide; ad luxum aut ad fracturam alliga: sanum fiet.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De agri cultura 160, (Ambiguous; could instead be a form of the synonymous second-declension noun luxum, luxī n):
語形変化
Fourth-declension noun.
派生語
- lū̆xor
- lū̆xuria/ lū̆xuriēs
派生した語
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: luscu
- Italo-Romance:
- Gallo-Italic:
- Piedmontese: luss, lusso (or from Italian)
- Ibero-Romance:
- → Alemannic German: Luxus
- → Catalan: luxe
- → Czech: luxus
- → Danish: luksus
- → Finnish: luksus
- → French: luxe
- → German: Luxus
- → Hungarian: luxus
- → Icelandic: lúxus
- → Luxembourgish: Luxus
- → Macedonian: луксуз (luksuz)
- → Norwegian Bokmål: luksus
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: luksus
- → Polish: luksus
- → Russian: люкс (ljuks)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: луксуз, луксус
Latin script: luksuz, luksus
参照
- ^ Bennett, Charles E. (1907), The Latin Language: a historical outline of its sounds, inflections, and syntax, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, page 60
- ^ Bennett, Charles E. (1907), The Latin Language: a historical outline of its sounds, inflections, and syntax, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, page 39
- ^ Riccardo Ginevra (16 December 2024), “Locative alternation in Proto-Indo-European”, in Indo-European Linguistics, volume 12, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, page 36
- ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “luxus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 356
- ^ Massetti, Laura (2017), “The belly of an Indo-European: Some Greek and Iranian cognates of PIE *merĝ ‘to divide, cut'”, in Goldstein, David, Jamison, Stephanie, Vine, Brent, editors, Proceedings of the 27th Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference, page 4
Further reading
- “luxus” in volume 7, part 1, column 1934, line 21 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
- “luxus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “luxus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "luxus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
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