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principal part
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principal part
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leading [principal] part [role]
main [principal] part
principal [main] part (of a book)
principal part
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principal part
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/05/04 19:26 UTC 版)
名詞
principal part (plural principal parts)
- (grammar, usually in the plural):
- Any of the forms of a word which contain its stem(s) in the simplest form, or such a form that, when taken with all the other principal parts (showing various inflections), allows the entire paradigm to be derived.
Holonyms: declension, conjugation- 1714, Thomas Sheridan, An Eaſy Introduction of Grammar in Engliſh. For the Underſtanding of the Latin Tongue. Compil’d not only for the Eaſe and Encouragement of Youth, but alſo for their Moral Improvement; having the Syntaxis Examples gather’d from the Choiceſt Pieces of the beſt Authors. To which is added, A Compendious Method of Variation, and Elegant Diſpoſition of Latin., Dublin: Printed by Daniel Tompson in Cole’s-Alley, Castle-Street, for the Author., The Preface., page vi:
In the Verbs, I have made ſeveral Alterations from the common Form, which I hope will be found much for the eaſe and advantage of the Learner; for I have not only made them more Perſpicuous as to their ſeveral Kinds, Moods, and Tenſes, but I have alſo ſet down a Scheme of Formation, in which the Changes made of the principal Parts, i. e. Preſent, Perfect-Tenſe and firſt Supine, are diſtinguiſh’d by a ſmaller Letter, and after them the four Conjugations at length, according to the ſame Method. - ibidem, An Introduction to the Eight Parts of Speech., Of a Verb., page 63:
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:principal part.
- 1714, Thomas Sheridan, An Eaſy Introduction of Grammar in Engliſh. For the Underſtanding of the Latin Tongue. Compil’d not only for the Eaſe and Encouragement of Youth, but alſo for their Moral Improvement; having the Syntaxis Examples gather’d from the Choiceſt Pieces of the beſt Authors. To which is added, A Compendious Method of Variation, and Elegant Diſpoſition of Latin., Dublin: Printed by Daniel Tompson in Cole’s-Alley, Castle-Street, for the Author., The Preface., page vi:
- (obsolete) Any one of however many parts of speech regarded as the most fundamental or indispensable.
Holonym: part of speech- (rare) The noun, verb, or adverb.
* 1677, John Clarke, The Second Praxis Dialogical of the Latine Syntax, Tranſlated Grammatically into Engliſh, for the uſe and benefit of Grammar Schools. (pages 189–246), in Dux Grammaticus Tyronem Scholaſticum. Ad rectam Orthographiam, Syntaxin, & Proſodiam Dirigens., seventh edition (overall work in Latin and English), London: Edward Thomas, The Rules of Conſtruction., pages 239–240:
For the underſtanding of this, we muſt conceive the order of Nature. For whatſoever we find in the whole World, are either Things, Actions, or Circumſtances: The Things are known before their Actions, and Actions firſt to be conſidered, before the Circumſtances.
Hence it is that the Speech that is ordained of God in Man, to declare the Conceits of his Mind to others hath properly three principal parts, viz. Nouns to name things, Verbs to ſhew Actions, and Adverbs to note Circumſtances. - The noun or the verb.
* ibidem, page 34:
- (rare) The noun, verb, or adverb.
- Any of the forms of a word which contain its stem(s) in the simplest form, or such a form that, when taken with all the other principal parts (showing various inflections), allows the entire paradigm to be derived.
- (mathematical analysis) A polynomial approximation of a power series, made up of monomials whose indices lie in the Newton diagram of the power series and which occur with the same coefficients as in the original power series.
- (mathematical analysis) The portion of a Laurent series that has negative exponents.
- Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see principal, part.
使用する際の注意点
- In Latin grammar: the two principal parts of a noun are the singular nominative and the singular genitive; the three of an adjective are the masculine, the feminine, and the neuter singular nominatives; and the four of a verb are the first-person singular present active indicative, the 1st-pers. sg. perfect act. ind., the pres. act. infinitive, and the supine (or, in the case of deponent verbs, the three are the 1st-pers. sg. pres. act. ind., the pres. act. inf., and the perf. act. participle).
- In the grammars of most Germanic languages: the three principal parts of verbs are the present infinitive, the first-person singular imperfect indicative, and the passive participle.
- In English grammar: the two principal parts of a noun are the singular and the plural; the three of an adjective are the positive, the comparative, and the superlative; and the three of a verb are the infinitive, the simple past, and the past participle.
参照
- A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (1st ed.), volume VII (O–P, ed. James Augustus Henry Murray, 1909), § 2 (P), page 499/1 s.v. “Part, sb. (adv.)”, sense 19.b
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