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serius

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/01/22 22:53 UTC 版)

語源

Somewhat disputed. There are two main competing hypotheses:

• Usually held to derive via Proto-Italic *swerjos from Proto-Indo-European *swer-yo-s, from the root *swer- (“heavy”). Cognate with 古期英語 swǣr (“heavy, grave, grievous”), German schwer (“hard, difficult, heavy”), Lithuanian sverti (“to weigh, balance”), svarùs (“heavy”). More at sweer.
• According to De Vaan, rather from Proto-Italic *sērjos, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁-ro-s + *-yo-, from an uncertain root *seh₁- (“to go slowly?”) (cf. sēgnis (“slow, tardy, sluggish, lazy”)). In this case, equivalent to sērus (“slow, tardy”) +‎ -ius, with semantic shift "slow" > "tiring" > "heavy" > "grave, serious".

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈseː.ri.ʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈsɛː.ri.us]

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

派生した語

• Asturian: seriu
• Italian: serio
  • → Polish: serio
• Portuguese: sério
• Spanish: serio
  • → Catalan: sério
  • → Sicilian: sèriu

副詞

sērius (comparative)

1. comparative degree of sērō
2. rather late, later, too late
   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.5:
     Sī tē iam, Catilīna, comprehendī, sī interficī iusserō, crēdō, erit verendum mihi, nē nōn hoc potius omnēs bonī sērius ā mē quam quisquam crūdēlius factum esse dīcat.
     If I should order you, Catiline, to be seized now, to be killed, I believe, I would have to fear that all good men might say this was done by me too late rather than anyone would say it was done too cruelly.

参照

1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sērius”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 556-7

Further reading

• “serius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “serius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "serius", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “serius”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • two days late: biduo serius
  • (ambiguous) to say in earnest..: serio dicere (Plaut. Bacch. 1. 1. 42)
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “serious”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

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