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発音記号・読み方

/ˈtɛnɝ(米国英語), ˈtenɜ:(英国英語)/

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tener

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/05/18 02:25 UTC 版)

語源

Disputed; either:

• From Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch, draw”). Cognates would include Ancient Greek τείνω (teínō), Sanskrit तनोति (tanóti) and 古期英語 þennan. (Can this etymology be sourced?)
• Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ter- (“soft, weak, tender; young, small”) with dissimilation or metathesis: according to M. de Vaan, from Proto-Italic *terenos along with Sabine terenum (“soft”). Further cognates would include Epic Greek τέρην (térēn, “soft, gentle”), Old Armenian թոռն (tʻoṙn, “grandchild”), Middle Armenian թարմ (tʻarm, “fresh”) and Sanskrit तरुण (táruṇa, “young, tender, juvenile”), तर्ण (tárṇa, “calf”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈtɛ.nɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈtɛː.ner]

派生語

• tenellulus
• tenerāscō
• tenerē
• teneritās

派生した語

• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: téneru, ténneru
• Balkano-Romance:
  • Aromanian: tinir, tiniru, tinãr
  • Istro-Romanian: tiner
  • Megleno-Romanian: tinir
  • Romanian: tânăr
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Italian: tenero
  • Neapolitan: tiénnero
  • Sicilian: tènniru, tènnuru
  • Venetan: tènaro, tèndro, tènero
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: tenar
  • Ladin: tender, tënder
  • Romansh: tener, tegnair
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Ligurian: tégno, ténio
  • Lombard: tender, tendro
  • Piedmontese: tënner, tenre, tenr
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: tendro
  • Old French: tendre
    * French: tendre
    * → Middle English: tender
    * English: tender
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: tendre
  • Occitan: tendre
    * Gascon: tenhèr, trende
    * Languedocien: tenre
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: tienru
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: terno
    * Galician: tenro
    * Portuguese: terno, tenro
  • Spanish: tierno
• Borrowings:
  • → Proto-Brythonic: *tɨner (see there for further descendants)

参照

1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “tener, -a, -um”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 613

Further reading

• “tener”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “tener”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “tener”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to be confined to one's bed: lecto teneri
  • (ambiguous) to be in gross error, seriously misled: magno errore teneri
  • (ambiguous) to be enamoured of philosophy: philosophiae (sapientiae) studio teneri (Acad. 1. 2. 4)
  • (ambiguous) to cherish a hope: spe duci, niti, teneri
  • (ambiguous) to long for a thing, yearn for it: desiderio alicuius rei teneri, affici (more strongly flagrare, incensum esse)
  • (ambiguous) to be bound by one's word; to be on one's honour: fide obstrictum teneri (Pis. 13. 29)
  • (ambiguous) to have an inclination for a thing: studio alicuius rei teneri
  • (ambiguous) to be bound by oath: iureiurando teneri (Off. 3. 27. 100)
  • (ambiguous) to be the slave of superstition: superstitione teneri, constrictum esse, obligatum esse
  • (ambiguous) to be bound by a law: lege teneri
  • (ambiguous) to be convicted by some one's evidence: testibus teneri, convictum esse

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