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tenuis

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/04/30 00:37 UTC 版)

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈtɛnjuːɪs/, /ˈtɛnuːɪs/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈtɛnjuɪs/, /ˈtɛnuɪs/
• Homophone: tenuous (when unstressed /ɪ/ = [ə])

形容詞

tenuis (not comparable)

1. (linguistics) Of Greek consonants, neither aspirated nor voiced, as [p], [t], [k]
2. (linguistics) Of obstruents in other languages, not voiced, aspirated, glottalized, or otherwise different in phonation from the prototypical values of the voiceless IPA letters ([p], [t], [k], [f], [θ], [s], [ʃ], etc.).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈtɛ.nu.ɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈtɛː.nu.is]
• tenvis: (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈtɛn.wɪs]
• In Classical Latin poetry, the sequence tenu- in this word and its inflections can be pronounced as [tɛn.w] (a heavy syllable and an onset) instead of [tɛ.nu] (two light syllables). This occurs especially, although not exclusively, in contexts where the meter requires it (for example, in forms such as tenuia, which would otherwise have three successive light syllables and so be unusable in dactylic hexameter).

形容詞

tenuis (neuter tenue, comparative tenuïor, superlative tenuissimus, adverb tenuiter); third-declension two-termination adjective

1. (of textures or forms) thin, slender, slim, lank; especially:
   Synonyms: exīlis, vēscus
   1. (with anima or umbra) synonym of mānēs, the manes
2. (of substances) fine, rare, thin; pure, clear, not coarse
   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon 2.346–353:
     Quod superest, quaecumque premes virgulta per agros,
     Sparge fimo pingui et multa memor occule terra,
     Aut lapidem bibulum aut squalentis infode conchas;
     Inter enim labentur aquae tenuisque subibit
     Halitus atque animos tollent sata; iamque reperti,
     Qui saxo super atque ingentis pondere testae
     Urgerent; hoc effusos munimen ad imbris,
     Hoc, ubi hiulca siti findit canis aestifer arva.
     * Translation by James B. Greenough
     For the rest, whate'er
     The sets thou plantest in thy fields, thereon
     Strew refuse rich, and with abundant earth
     Take heed to hide them, and dig in withal
     Rough shells or porous stone, for therebetween
     Will water trickle and fine vapour creep,
     And so the plants their drooping spirits raise.
     Aye, and there have been, who with weight of stone
     Or heavy potsherd press them from above;
     This serves for shield in pelting showers, and this
     When the hot dog-star chaps the fields with drought.
3. weak, feeble, tenuous
   Synonyms: dēbilis, languidus, aeger, frāctus, fessus, īnfirmus, mollis, obnoxius, inops
   Antonyms: praevalēns, fortis, potis, potēns, validus, strēnuus, compos
4. little, slight, trifling
   Synonyms: parvus, paulus, pusillus
5. delicate, subtle
   Synonyms: ēlegāns, subtīlis

語形変化

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

派生語

• pertenuis
• tenue
• tenuïārius
• tenuiculus
• tenuistīpitātus
• tenuitās
• tenuiter
• tenuō

派生した語

• Catalan: tènue
• French: ténu
• Italian: tenue
• Occitan: teune
  Languedocien: teunhe
• Sicilian: tènui
• Spanish: tenue
• Walloon: tene
• → English: tenuis; →⇒ tenuious, tenuous
• → English: tenuis
• → German: Tenuis
• → Portuguese: ténue, tênue (Brazil)

参照

1. ^ Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954), “tenuis”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 666
2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1069
3. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “tenuis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 613f.
4. ^ George Hempl (1902), “The Duenos Inscription”, in Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, volume 33 (in English), Boston: Ginn & Company, page 163: “The mānēs were the ‘rare ones’ or the ‘thin ones,’ the ‘spirits’ or ‘shades’ of the dead, otherwise known as animae tenuēs and umbrae tenuēs.”

Further reading

• “tenuis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “tenuis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “tenuis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • elevated, moderate, plain style: genus dicendi grave or grande, medium, tenue (cf. Or. 5. 20; 6. 21)
  • meagre diet: victus tenuis (Fin. 2. 28. 90)
  • little money: pecunia exigua or tenuis

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