光 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 灮

Stroke order
6 strokes

光 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火一山 (FMU), four-corner 90211, composition ⿱⺌兀)

Additional Derived Characters

simp. and trad. 光
alternative forms 㫕灮炗炚炛㫕灮炗炚炛烡𠈑𤉭𤎫𤐥𰭧㶢

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | ------------------ | | 光 | *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs | | 灮 | *kʷaːŋ | | 洸 | *kʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋ | | 桄 | *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs | | 胱 | *kʷaːŋ | | 垙 | *kʷaːŋ | | 輄 | *kʷaːŋ | | 恍 | *kʷaːŋ, *qʰʷaːŋʔ | | 茪 | *kʷaːŋ | | 侊 | *kʷaːŋ, *kʷraːŋ | | 晃 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ | | 幌 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ | | 榥 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ | | 滉 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ | | 觥 | *kʷraːŋ | | 駫 | *kʷeːŋ |

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 火 (“fire”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – fire over a person's head, emphasizing the shining of light (Shuowen).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hwaŋ (“shine; bright; yellow”). Cognate with 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “yellow”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright; well-lit”), Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, “bright”).

Note: guǎng - "only".

Note:

Note:

Note:

Note:

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 光
Reading # 1/1
ModernBeijing(Pinyin) guāng
MiddleChinese ‹ kwang ›
OldChinese /*kʷˁaŋ/
English light, brightness
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 光
Reading # 1/2
No. 4506
Phoneticcomponent 光
Rimegroup 陽
Rimesubdivision 0
CorrespondingMC rime
OldChinese /*kʷaːŋ/
Notes 灮隸變

光

  1. light; beam; ray (Classifier: 束 m; 道 m)
    燈光／灯光 ― dēngguāng ― lamplight
    聚光燈／聚光灯 ― jùguāngdēng ― spotlight
    一束光透過門縫射進來。 [MSC, _trad._]
    一束光透过门缝射进来。 [MSC, _simp._]
    Yī shù guāng tòuguò ménféng shè jìnlái. [Pinyin]
    A beam of light shone through the door.
    1. (specifically, physics) ray (Classifier: 條／条)
  2. to make bare; to be naked
    光著腳走路／光着脚走路 ― guāngzhe jiǎo zǒulù ― to walk barefoot
    我光著呢。／我光着呢。 ― Wǒ guāngzhe ne. ― I'm not decent.
    褪光 光 [Hokkien] ― thǹg-kng-kng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to be naked; to be in the nude
  3. only; alone
    別光吃肉，吃點蔬菜吧。 [MSC, _trad._]
    别光吃肉，吃点蔬菜吧。 [MSC, _simp._]
    Bié guāng chī ròu, chī diǎn shūcài ba. [Pinyin]
    Don't eat only meat. Eat some vegetables.
  4. Particle used after verbs to show exhaustion or completion; until none is left
    賣光了／卖光了 ― mài guāng le ― completely sold out
    我已經用光了所有的錢。 [MSC, _trad._]
    我已经用光了所有的钱。 [MSC, _simp._]
    Wǒ yǐjīng yòngguāng le suǒyǒu de qián. [Pinyin]
    I've already used up all of my money.
    你毋通將錢用甲光 光。 [Hokkien, _trad._]
    你毋通将钱用甲光 光。 [Hokkien, _simp._]
    Lí m̄-thang chiong chîⁿ ēng kah kng kng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Don't completely used up the money.
  5. scenery; sight
    風光／风光 ― fēngguāng ― landscape
  6. glory; pride; honor
    臺灣之光／台湾之光 ― Táiwān zhī guāng ― the pride of Taiwan; someone who has brought glory to Taiwan
  7. time
    光陰／光阴 ― guāngyīn ― the limited time available in a person's life
    時光／时光 ― shíguāng ― the inevitable passing of events from future to present then past
  8. bright
    光明 ― guāngmíng ― bright; shining
    呢度好光。 [Cantonese] ― ni1 dou6 hou2 gwong1. [Jyutping] ― It's very bright here.
    這間房間真光。 [Hokkien, _trad._]
    这间房间真光。 [Hokkien, _simp._]
    Chit keng pâng-keng chin kng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    This room is very bright.
  9. brightness; luster
    光澤／光泽 ― guāngzé ― luster; gloss; sheen
  10. smooth; glossy; polished; shiny; sleek
    光滑 ― guānghuá ― smooth; glossy; sleek
    石頭磨甲真光。 [Hokkien, _trad._]
    石头磨甲真光。 [Hokkien, _simp._]
    Chio̍h-thâu bôa kah chin kng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The stone is polished smooth.
  11. (figurative) advantage; benefit; goodness
    沾光 ― zhānguāng ― to benefit from an association with someone
  12. to add honor to; to win honor for; to add luster on
    光宗耀祖 ― guāngzōngyàozǔ ― to bring honour to one's ancestors and clan
  13. (literary) to glorify; to bring honor to; to exalt; to make conspicuous
  14. Used in polite expressions.
    光臨／光临 ― guānglín ― presence (polite)
    光顧／光顾 ― guānggù ― to visit; to come; to patronize
  15. (Hokkien) to become bright; to brighten
    天光囉。／天光啰。 [Hokkien] ― Thian kng lô. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― The sky has become bright.
  16. a surname

Dialectal synonyms of 光 (“light”) [map]

Variety Location Words edit
Classical Chinese 光
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 光
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 光, 亮兒 †
Taiwan 光
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 光, 亮兒 †
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 光, 亮 †
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 光
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 光
Wuhan 光
Guilin 光
Dagudi (Maliba) 光
Reshuitang (Longling) 光
Mae Salong (Lancang) 光
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 光
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 光
Hefei 光
Cantonese Guangzhou 光
Hong Kong 光
Yangjiang 光
Hepu (Lianzhou) 光
Hepu (Shatian) 光
Beihai 光
Beihai (Nankang) 光
Beihai (Yingpan) 光
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 光
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 光, 亮
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 光
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 光
Móng Cái 光
Bangkok (Guangfu) 光
Gan Nanchang 光
Hakka Meixian 光, 亮
Shanghang 光
Fumian (Xisha, Xinqiao) 光
Luchuan (Sihe, Hengshan) 光
Bobai (Cuntou, Xintian) 光
Beiliu (Mumian, Xilang) 光
Xingye (Gaofeng) 光
Rongxian (Xiandi) 光
Bangkok (Jiexi) 光
Jin Taiyuan 光, 亮 †
Northern Min Jian'ou 光
Eastern Min Fuzhou 光
Southern Min Xiamen 光
Chaozhou 光
Shantou 光
Jieyang 光
Bangkok (Teochew) 光
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 光
Hat Yai (Teochew) 光
Pontianak (Teochew) 光
Puxian Min Putian 光
Wu Suzhou 光
Wenzhou 光
Xiang Changsha 亮, 光
Xiangxiang 光
Shuangfeng 光
Note † - beam or lamplight

Dialectal synonyms of 亮 (“bright”) [map]

光

  1. (historical dictionaries only) to color

光

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Kanji in this term
光
ひかりGrade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨pi1kari⟩ → */pʲikari/ → /ɸikari/ → /hikari/

From Old Japanese.

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]

光(ひかり) • (hikari) (counter 筋)

  1. a physically perceived light:
    1. a light, beam, illumination
    2. a gleam, glow, ray
    3. a glimmer, shine, sparkle
      ダイヤモンドの光(ひかり)
      daiyamondo no hikari
      a diamond's glitter / shine / twinkling
    4. a luster/lustre, polish, sheen
  2. a metaphorical light:
    1. glory, influence, power
    2. a glimmer, gleam
      前(ぜん)途(と)に**光(ひかり)を失(うしな)う
      zento ni hikari o ushinau
      to lose light regarding the future → future prospects grow dim
      解(かい)決(けつ)への道(みち)に      光(ひかり)**を投(な)げかける
      kaiketsu e no michi ni hikari o nagekakeru
      to shed light on the way to a solution
    3. positive aspect
      インターネット時(じ)代(だい)の光(ひかり)
      intānetto jidai no hikari
      the positive aspect of the internet age
    4. a displaying, putting on airs
    5. a vision, eyesight
  3. (optics) relating to light or vision: optical, photo-
    **光(ひかり)**ファイバー
    hikari faibā
    optical fiber
  4. (colloquial) Short for 光り物 (hikarimono): sashimi with some of the silver-colored skin left

Derived terms

光(ひかり) • (Hikari)

  1. Hikari (a city in Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan)
  2. one of the bullet train services running on the 東海道 (Tōkaido) or 山陽 (San'yō) shinkansen
  3. a surname
  4. a male or female given name
Kanji in this term
光
ひか(る)Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Nominalization of the verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).

光(ひかる) • (Hikaru)

  1. a male given name
  2. a female given name
Kanji in this term
光
こうGrade: 2
on'yomi

/kʷau/ → /kʷɔː/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/

From Middle Chinese 光 (MC kwang).

Compare modern Mandarin 光 (guāng), Hakka 光 (kông), and Min Nan 光 (kong).

光(こう) • (kō) ←**くわう** (kwau)?

  1. light, gleam, shine
  2. gleaming, shining
  3. scenery
  4. glory, honor/honour, pride
  5. enlightening
  6. exhaust, run out

Derived terms

光(こう) • (Kō) ←**くわう** (Kwau)?

  1. a male or female given name

  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

  3. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

From Middle Chinese 光 (MC kwang).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 과ᇰ (Yale: kwàng)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 빗〮 (Yale: pís) 과ᇰ (Yale: kwàng)

Wikisource

光 (eumhun 빛 광 (bit gwang))

  1. hanja form? of 광 (“light; shine, lustre”) [noun]
  2. hanja form? of 광 (“light”) [affix]

Compounds

光

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Kanji in this term
光
ふぃちゃいGrade: 2
kun'yomi

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pikari, from Proto-Japonic *pikari. Cognate with Japanese 光(ひかり) (hikari).

The stem form of verb 光(ふぃちゃ)ゆん (fichayun, “to shine, gleam”).

光(ふぃちゃい) (fichai)

  1. light
  2. lush, polish, sheen
Kanji in this term
光
ふぃかりGrade: 2

Borrowed from Japanese 光(ひかり) (hikari).

Doublet of 光 (fichai) above.

光(ふぃかり) (fikari)

  1. light
  2. (rare, obsolete) authority, power, influence, honor

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (pi1karu, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]

光 (pi1kari) (kana ひかり)

  1. a light

For quotations using this term, see Citations:光.

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

光: Hán Nôm readings: quang

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