寒 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 寨

寒 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十廿金卜 (JTCY), four-corner 30303, composition ⿱𡨄⺀(GTJV) or ⿱𡨄冫(K))

simp. and trad. 寒
alternative forms 𡫾𡫜𡫮

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | ---------------- | | 寒 | *ɡaːn | | 蹇 | *kranʔ, *kanʔ | | 謇 | *kranʔ | | 搴 | *kranʔ, *kʰran | | 藆 | *kranʔ | | 騫 | *kʰran | | 褰 | *kʰran | | 攐 | *kʰran | | 鑳 | *ɡranʔ | | 寋 | *ɡanʔ | | 鶱 | *qʰan |

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 人 (“person”) + 茻 (“grass”) – a person in a house, sleeping in the grass to protect from the cold. In some bronze inscriptions, 二 is added at the bottom of the character; this may simply be decorative or may represent a mat. In the seal script, 二 is changed to 仌 (“ice”) to emphasize its meaning of coldness.

Contrast 宿.

Unknown (Schuessler, 2007).

Note:

Note:

Note:

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 寒
Reading # 1/1
ModernBeijing(Pinyin) hán
MiddleChinese ‹ han ›
OldChinese /*Cə.[ɡ]ˁa[n]/
English cold
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 寒
Reading # 1/1
No. 4870
Phoneticcomponent 寒
Rimegroup 元
Rimesubdivision 1
CorrespondingMC rime 寒
OldChinese /*ɡaːn/

寒

  1. cold; wintry; chilly
  2. poor; poverty-stricken
  3. humble; petty and low
  4. desolate; deserted
  5. dreary; miserable
  6. withered; limp
  7. (humble) my
    寒舍 ― hánshè ― (one's own) humble home
  8. to feel cold
  9. to fear; to dread
  10. winter
  11. cold weather; cold day or night
  12. (traditional Chinese medicine) cold; chill
  13. (～日) (telegraphy) the fourteenth day of a month

Dialectal synonyms of 冷 (“cold”) [map]

Variety Location Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 冷, 寒冷 weather
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 冷
Taiwan 冷
Singapore 冷
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 冷
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 冷
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 冷
Wanrong 冷
Xi'an 冷
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 冷
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 冷, 凊 very cold
Wuhan 冷, 冷凊 weather
Guilin 冷
Liuzhou 冷, 凊
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 冷
Hefei 冷
Cantonese Guangzhou 凍, 冷
Hong Kong 凍, 冷 weather
Taishan 冷
Yangjiang 凍, 冷 weather
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 凍
Singapore (Guangfu) 凍
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 凍
Gan Nanchang 冷
Lichuan 冷
Hakka Meixian 冷
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 冷, 寒
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 冷, 寒人
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 冷
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 冷, 寒
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 冷, 寒
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 冷, 寒
Huizhou Jixi 冷, 凍
Jin Taiyuan 冷
Northern Min Jian'ou 凊, 鎮 very cold
Eastern Min Fuzhou 凊, 凍
Southern Min Xiamen 冷, 凊, 寒 weather
Quanzhou 冷, 凊, 寒
Shishi 寒
Zhangzhou 冷, 凊, 寒
Zhao'an 寒
Dongshan 寒
Taipei 冷, 凊, 寒
Penang (Hokkien) 冷, 寒 weather, 凊
Singapore (Hokkien) 冷, 寒 weather
Manila (Hokkien) 冷, 寒, 凊
Chaozhou 凝, 寒 weather, 凊
Shantou 凝, 寒, 凊, 冷
Shantou (Chenghai) 凝, 凊
Shantou (Chaoyang) 凝
Jieyang 凝, 凊
Singapore (Teochew) 凝
Wenchang 寒
Qionghai 寒
Singapore (Hainanese) 凊, 寒 weather
Wu Shanghai 冷
Shanghai (Chongming) 冷
Suzhou 冷, 凍 weather
Danyang 冷
Hangzhou 冷
Ningbo 冷
Wenzhou 冷, 凍
Lishui 冷
Jinhua 冷
Yushan 凊
Xiang Changsha 冷, 凊 very cold
Shuangfeng 冷, 凊 very cold
Shinjitai 寒
Kyūjitai[1] 寒󠄁寒+󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1)
寒󠄃寒+󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi)(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.See here for details.

寒

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. cold
Kanji in this term
寒
かんGrade: 3
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 寒 (MC han).

The basic cold sense as an affix is attested from some of the earliest texts in the 700s CE.[2] Use as an independent noun is first attested in a text from roughly 900 CE.[2]

寒(かん) • (kan)

  1. [from 700s] cold, chilly
  2. [from early 1800s] (by extension) poor, poverty-stricken
  3. [from 900s] midwinter, cold season

Derived terms

寒(かん) • (kan)

  1. [from circa 900] cold, coldness

  2. [from 1275] midwinter, cold season

    • a haiku by Matsuo Bashō:
      干(かん)鮭(ざけ)も 空(くう)也(や)の痩(やせ)も **寒(かん)**の内(うち)
      kanzake mo Kūya no yase mo kan no uchi
      Salted salmon too, also Kūya's thinning too, in the cold season

  3. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 685 (paper), page 392 (digital)

  4. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

  5. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

  6. ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

From Middle Chinese 寒 (MC han). Recorded as Middle Korean 한 (han) (Yale: han) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Wikisource

寒 (eumhun 찰 한 (chal han))

  1. hanja form? of 한 (“cold; chilly”)

寒: Hán Việt readings: hàn (河(hà)干(can)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
寒: Nôm readings: hàn[1][2][4][6]

  1. chữ Hán form of hàn (“coldness”).

  2. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).

  3. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

  4. ^ Trần (2004).

  5. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).

  6. ^ Génibrel (1898).

  7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

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