梨 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

1 Translingual
- 1.1 Han character
  * 1.1.1 References
2 Chinese
3 Japanese
4 Korean
- 4.1 Hanja
5 Vietnamese
- 5.1 Han character

梨 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓木 (HND) or 難竹弓木 (XHND), four-corner 22904, composition ⿱利木)

Kangxi Dictionary: page 530, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14873
Dae Jaweon: page 918, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1215, character 10
Unihan data for U+68A8
Unihan data for U+F9E2

trad.	梨
simp. #	梨
alternative forms	棃梸

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | --------------------- | | 犁 | *riːl, *ril | 黎 | *riːl | 莉 | 黧 | *riːl | 鯬 | *riːl, *ril | 筣 | *riːl, *ri | 蔾 | *riːl, *ril | 藜 | *riːl | 邌 | *riːl | 瓈 | *riːl | 鵹 | *rel | 棃 | *ril | 梨 | *ril | | 蟍 | *ril | 蜊 | *ril | 鑗 | *ril | 利 | *rids | 痢 | *rids | 浰 | *riːns | | | *riːl, *r'il, *r'i | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ril) : phonetic 利 (OC *rids) + semantic 木.

Unknown. Also found in Proto-Hmong-Mien *rəj; folk etymology derives this from 利 (OC *rids, “sharp”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): lí (li2)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ
(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni2
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ли (li, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): lei4 / lei4-2
Gan (Wiktionary): li4
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lì
(Meixian, Guangdong): li2
Jin (Wiktionary): li1
Northern Min (KCR): lî
Eastern Min (BUC): lì / lài
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lâi / lê
(Teochew, Peng'im): lai5
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6li
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li2

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
  * Hanyu Pinyin: lí
  * Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
  * Tongyong Pinyin: lí
  * Wade–Giles: li2
  * Yale: lí
  * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
  * Palladius: ли (li)
  * Sinological IPA (key): /li³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  * Sichuanese Pinyin: ni2
  * Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
  * Sinological IPA (key): /ni²¹/
- (Dungan)
  * Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ли (li, I)
  * Sinological IPA (key): /li²⁴/
(Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  * Jyutping: lei4 / lei4-2
  * Yale: lèih / léi
  * Cantonese Pinyin: lei4 / lei4-2
  * Guangdong Romanization: léi4 / léi4-2
  * Sinological IPA (key): /lei̯²¹/, /lei̯²¹⁻³⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  * Wiktionary: li4
  * Sinological IPA (key): /li³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  * Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lì
  * Hakka Romanization System: liˇ
  * Hagfa Pinyim: li2
  * Sinological IPA: /li¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  * Guangdong: li2
  * Sinological IPA: /li¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
  * Wiktionary: li1
  * Sinological IPA (old-style): /li¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  * Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lî
  * Sinological IPA (key): /li³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  * Bàng-uâ-cê: lì / lài
  * Sinological IPA (key): /l̃i⁵³/, /l̃ai⁵³/

Note:

lì - “pear”;
lài - used in 黃梨.
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâi
  * Tâi-lô: lâi
  * Phofsit Daibuun: laai
  * IPA (Kaohsiung): /lai²³/
  * IPA (Zhangzhou): /lai¹³/
  * IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Singapore): /lai²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê
  * Tâi-lô: lê
  * Phofsit Daibuun: lee
  * IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /le²⁴/
  * IPA (Zhangzhou): /le¹³/
  * IPA (Kaohsiung): /le²³/

Note:

lâi - vernacular;
lê - literary.
- (Teochew)
  * Peng'im: lai5
  * Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâi
  * Sinological IPA (key): /lai⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  * Wugniu: 6li
  * MiniDict: li去
  * Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3li
  * Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  * Wiktionary: li2
  * Sinological IPA (key): /li¹³/

Middle Chinese: lij
Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.r[ə][j]/
(Zhengzhang): /*ril/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	梨
Reading #	1/1
ModernBeijing(Pinyin)	lí
MiddleChinese	‹ lij ›
OldChinese	/*C.r[ə][j]/
English	pear tree, pear
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	梨
Reading #	1/1
No.	7891
Phoneticcomponent	利
Rimegroup	脂
Rimesubdivision	1
CorrespondingMC rime	棃
OldChinese	/*ril/
Notes	同棃見漢書子虛賦

梨

pear (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 隻／只 c)
† Alternative form of 剺 (lí, “to cut”)

Dialectal synonyms of 梨 (“pear”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese	梨
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)	梨, 梨子
Taxonomic name	梨
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	梨
Taiwan	梨子
Chifeng	梨
Hulunbuir (Hailar)	梨
Harbin	梨
Shenyang	梨
Singapore	梨
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	梨果兒
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	梨
Tangshan	梨
Cangzhou	梨
Baoding	梨
Shijiazhuang	梨
Jinan	梨
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	梨, 洋梨
Qingdao	梨
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	梨
Wanrong	梨
Zhengzhou	梨
Xi'an	梨
Xining	梨兒, 梨
Xuzhou	梨, 梨子
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	梨兒
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	梨
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	梨
Lanzhou	梨
Ürümqi	香梨, 梨子, 梨
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	梨兒, 梨子
Chongqing	梨兒
Wuhan	梨子, 梨
Guiyang	梨, 梨子
Kunming	梨兒
Guilin	梨子
Liuzhou	梨子, 沙梨
Dagudi (Maliba)	梨果
Reshuitang (Longling)	梨果
Mae Salong (Lancang)	梨果
Mae Sai (Tengchong)	梨
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	梨
Yangzhou	梨子, 梨
Nantong	梨子
Hefei	梨子, 梨
Cantonese	Guangzhou	梨
Hong Kong	梨
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	梨
Macau	梨
Guangzhou (Panyu)	梨
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	梨
Guangzhou (Conghua)	梨
Foshan	梨
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	梨
Foshan (Shunde)	梨
Foshan (Sanshui)	梨
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	梨
Zhongshan (Shiqi)	梨
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	梨
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	梨
Zhuhai (Doumen)	梨
Jiangmen (Baisha)	梨
Jiangmen (Xinhui)	梨
Taishan	梨
Kaiping (Chikan)	梨
Enping (Niujiang)	梨
Heshan (Yayao)	梨
Dongguan	梨
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	梨
Yangjiang	梨
Danzhou	梨
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	梨
Gan	Nanchang	梨
Lichuan	梨仔
Pingxiang	梨子
Hakka	Meixian	梨仔
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	梨
Dongguan (Qingxi)	梨
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	梨
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	梨
Heyuan (Bendihua)	梨
Wengyuan	梨
Liannan	梨
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	梨
Jiexi	梨
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	梨
Changting	梨哩
Wuping (Yanqian)	梨子
Ninghua	梨子
Yudu	梨
Ningdu	梨子
Tonggu (Sandu)	梨
Ganzhou (Panlong)	梨
Miaoli (N. Sixian)	梨仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	梨仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	梨仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	梨
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	梨仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	梨
Hong Kong	梨
Yangxi (Tangkou)	梨
Yangchun (Sanjia)	梨
Xinyi (Qianpai)	梨
Gaozhou (Xindong)	梨
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	梨
Huazhou (Xin'an)	梨
Lianjiang (Shijiao)	梨
Lianjiang (Qingping)	梨
Mengshan (Xihe)	梨果
Luchuan	梨
Senai (Huiyang)	梨
Huizhou	Jixi	梨
Shexian	雪梨
Jin	Taiyuan	梨兒
Xinzhou	梨兒
Linhe	梨
Jining	梨
Hohhot	梨
Zhangjiakou	梨
Handan	梨兒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	梨
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	梨
Southern Min	Xiamen	梨仔
Quanzhou	梨仔
Zhangzhou	梨仔
Zhao'an	梨仔
Taipei	梨仔
New Taipei (Sanxia)	梨仔
Kaohsiung	梨仔
Yilan	梨仔
Changhua (Lukang)	梨仔
Taichung	梨仔
Tainan	梨仔
Hsinchu	梨仔
Kinmen	梨
Penghu (Magong)	梨仔
Penang (Hokkien)	梨仔
Singapore (Hokkien)	梨
Manila (Hokkien)	梨仔
Chaozhou	梨
Bangkok (Teochew)	梨
Chiang Mai (Teochew)	梨
Hat Yai (Teochew)	梨
Johor Bahru (Teochew)	梨
Singapore (Teochew)	梨
Wenchang	梨
Puxian Min	Putian	梨
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	梨
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	梨
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	梨
Xianyou	梨
Xianyou (Fengting)	梨
Xianyou (Youyang)	梨
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	梨
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	梨
Wu	Shanghai	生梨
Shanghai (Chongming)	水梨
Suzhou	梨
Danyang	梨子
Hangzhou	梨兒
Ningbo	梨頭
Wenzhou	消梨
Jinhua	梨, 梨兒
Xiang	Changsha	梨子
Loudi	梨子
Shuangfeng	梨子

梨

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

pear

Go-on: り (ri)
Kan-on: り (ri)
Kun: なし (nashi, 梨, Jōyō)
Nanori: か (ka)

Kanji in this term
梨
なしGrade: 4
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, attested already in the Man'yōshū.[1] Further derivation unclear.

(Tokyo) なし [nàshíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2]
(Tokyo) なし [nàshí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
IPA(key): [na̠ɕi]

梨(なし) or 梨(ナシ) • (nashi)

a pear tree
a pear (the fruit)
more specifically, a Japanese pear or Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ナシ.

Derived terms

梨(なし)河(ふ)豚(ぐ) (nashifugu): pear puffer (Gastrophysus vermicularis, syn. Takifugu vermicularis)
梨子(なし)地(じ) (nashiji), 梨(なし)地(じ) (nashiji): nashiji, a lacquering technique using gold or silver powder or flakes
青梨(あおなし) (ao nashi): Harbin pear, Ussurian pear, Chinese pear (Pyrus ussuriensis var. hondoensis)
玄(けん)圃梨(ぽなし) (kenpo nashi): Japanese raisin tree (Hovenia dulcis)
猿梨(さるなし) (saru nashi): hardy kiwi, kiwi berry or tara vine (Actinidia arguta)
西洋梨(せいようなし) (seiyō nashi): European or Western pear (Pyrus communis)
浜梨(はまなし) (hama nashi): rugosa rose, Japanese rose, or Ramanas rose (Rosa rugosa)
山梨(やまなし) (yama nashi): wild nashi or wild Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia var. pyrifolia)
山梨県(やまなしけん) (Yamanashi-ken): Yamanashi prefecture
洋梨(ようなし) (yōnashi): European or Western pear (Pyrus communis)
鰐梨(わになし) (wani nashi): avocado or alligator pear (Persea americana)

Kanji in this term
梨
りGrade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 梨 (MC lij). Compare modern Mandarin 梨 (lí).

IPA(key): [ɾʲi]

梨(り) • (ri)

a pear tree
a pear (the fruit)
more specifically, a Japanese pear or Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)

Derived terms

梨(り)園(えん) (rien): the theatrical world, the world of the theater
梨(り)果(か) (rika): a pome
梨(り)花(か) (rika), 梨(り)華(か) (rika), 梨(り)英(か) (rika): pear flower, pear blossom
梨(り)状(じょう)筋(きん) (rijōkin): the piriformis muscle
鳳(ほう)梨(り) (hōri): pineapple (obsolete)

^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese nasi”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎[1], retrieved 2024-11-02
↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

梨 (eumhun 배 나무 리 (baenamu ri), word-initial (South Korea) 배 나무 이 (baenamu i))

hanja form? of 리/이 (“pear tree”)

梨: Hán Nôm readings: lê, lệ

chữ Hán form of lê (“pear”).
chữ Hán form of lệ (“pear”).

梨 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

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