莫 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

莫 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿日大 (TAK), four-corner 44430, composition ⿱艹旲 or ⿱䒤大)

• 嗼, 塻, 嫫, 𡻟, 幙, 慔, 摸, 漠, 獏, 暯, 膜, 模, 氁, 㷬, 𭷱, 𬎇, 𮂓, 瞙, 糢, 𮖪, 縸(𫄲), 蟆, 謨(谟), 貘, 𧷸, 𨢢, 鏌(镆), 𩌧, 饃(馍), 䮬, 𩻁, 𪍤(𬹍), 𠢓, 鄚, 𮍅, 𪅐
• 寞, 𢊗, 瘼, 𩄻, 鬕, 募, 𠻚, 墓, 𡖶, 𡠜, 幕, 摹, 暮, 㱳, 慕, 𬑤, 蟇, 謩, 驀(蓦), 𡈗
• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1035, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31078
• Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3217, character 15
• Unihan data for U+83AB

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | --------------- | | 蟆 | *mraː | | 鬕 | *mraːɡs | | 饃 | *maːl | | 模 | *maː | | 摸 | *maː, *maːɡ | | 嫫 | *maː | | 謨 | *maː | | 膜 | *maː, *maːɡ | | 摹 | *maː | | 暮 | *maːɡs | | 慕 | *maːɡs | | 募 | *maːɡs | | 墓 | *maːɡs | | 慔 | *maːɡs | | 莫 | *maːɡ | | 寞 | *maːɡ | | 漠 | *maːɡ | | 幕 | *maːɡ | | 鏌 | *maːɡ | | 瘼 | *maːɡ | | 鄚 | *maːɡ | | 瞙 | *maːɡ | | 嗼 | *maːɡ, *mraːɡ | | 塻 | *maːɡ | | 貘 | *mraːɡ | | 驀 | *mraːɡ |

Pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) sinking into the bushes (屮); dusk. Original form of 暮 (OC *maːɡs, “dusk”).

The bottom was later distorted into 大.

From 無 (OC *ma, “there is no”) + distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007). For the same type of derivation, see the relationship of 有 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “there is”) and 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ, “some”).

• Mandarin
  (Standard)
  (Pinyin): mò (mo4)
  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ
  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mo2
• Cantonese (Jyutping): mok6
• Gan (Wiktionary): mot7
• Hakka
  (Sixian, PFS): mo̍k
  (Hailu, HRS): mogˋ
  (Meixian, Guangdong): mog6
• Jin (Wiktionary): mah4
• Northern Min (KCR): mŏ̤
• Eastern Min (BUC): mŏ̤h / mŏk
• Southern Min
  (Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k / bo̍h
  (Teochew, Peng'im): mog8
  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): mog8
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8moq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mo6

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)+
    * Hanyu Pinyin: mò
    * Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
    * Tongyong Pinyin: mò
    * Wade–Giles: mo4
    * Yale: mwò
    * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
    * Palladius: мо (mo)
    * Sinological IPA (key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    * Sichuanese Pinyin: mo2
    * Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mo
    * Sinological IPA (key): /mo²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    * Jyutping: mok6
    * Yale: mohk
    * Cantonese Pinyin: mok9
    * Guangdong Romanization: mog6
    * Sinological IPA (key): /mɔːk̚²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    * Wiktionary: mot7
    * Sinological IPA (key): /mɵt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    * Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mo̍k
    * Hakka Romanization System: mog
    * Hagfa Pinyim: mog6
    * Sinological IPA: /mok̚⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    * Hakka Romanization System: mogˋ
    * Sinological IPA: /mok²/
  • (Meixian)
    * Guangdong: mog6
    * Sinological IPA: /mɔk̚⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)+
    * Wiktionary: mah4
    * Sinological IPA (old-style): /maʔ²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    * Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mŏ̤
    * Sinological IPA (key): /mɔ²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    * Bàng-uâ-cê: mŏ̤h / mŏk
    * Sinological IPA (key): /moʔ⁵/, /mouʔ⁵/

Note:

• mŏ̤h - vernacular (“don't”);

• mŏk - literary.

• Southern Min

  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k
    * Tâi-lô: bo̍k
    * Phofsit Daibuun: bok
    * IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹/
    * IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /bɔk̚²⁴/
    * IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍h
    * Tâi-lô: bo̍h
    * Phofsit Daibuun: boih
    * IPA (Zhangzhou): /boʔ¹²¹/
    * IPA (Jinjiang): /boʔ²⁴/
    * IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɤʔ⁴/
    * IPA (Taipei): /boʔ⁴/

Note:

• bo̍k - literary;

• bo̍h - vernacular.

  • (Teochew)
    * Peng'im: mog8
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍k
    * Sinological IPA (key): /mok̚⁴/
  • (Leizhou)
    * Leizhou Pinyin: mog8
    * Sinological IPA: /mɔk̚²/

• Wu

  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    * Wugniu: 8moq
    * MiniDict: moh入
    * Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 5moq
    * Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /moʔ¹²/

• Xiang

  • (Changsha)
    * Wiktionary: mo6
    * Sinological IPA (key): /mo²⁴/

• Dialectal data

• Middle Chinese: mak

• Old Chinese
  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤak/
  (Zhengzhang): /*maːɡ/

莫

1. (literary) none; nothing; not anything
   • 子曰：「莫我知也夫！」 [Classical Chinese, trad. and _simp._]
     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
     Zǐ yuē: “Mò wǒ zhī yě fū!” [Pinyin]
     The Master said, "Alas! there is no one that knows me."
   • 在天者莫明於日月。 [Classical Chinese, _trad._]
     在天者莫明于日月。 [Classical Chinese, _simp._]
     From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
     Zài tiān zhě mò míng yú rì yuè. [Pinyin]
     In the sky, there is nothing brighter than the Sun and the Moon.
2. (literary or dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Eastern Min, Xiang) do not; don't; must not
   莫做聲！／莫做声！ [dialectal Mandarin] ― Mò zuòshēng! [Pinyin] ― Keep quiet! (literally, “Don't make a sound!”)
   莫細膩。 [Eastern Min, _trad._]
   莫细腻。 [Eastern Min, _simp._]
   mŏ̤h-sá̤-nê / [moʔ⁵⁻²¹ (s-)lɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɛi²⁴²] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
   Don't be too polite. / Make yourself at home.
   你莫腿囉。／你莫腿啰。 [Xiang] ― nyi3 mo6 tei3 lo [Wiktionary] ― You don't joke.
   發生火災莫驚慌／发生火灾莫惊慌 ― fāshēng huǒzāi mò jīnghuāng ― Don't be panicked when conflagration happens
   • 莫為盜！莫為殺人！ [Classical Chinese, _trad._]
     莫为盗！莫为杀人！ [Classical Chinese, _simp._]
     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
     Mò wéi dào! Mò wéi shārén! [Pinyin]
     Don't steal! Don't kill!
   • 人生得意須盡歡，莫使金樽空對月。 [Classical Chinese, _trad._]
     人生得意须尽欢，莫使金樽空对月。 [Classical Chinese, _simp._]
     From: 752, Li Bai, 《將進酒》
     Rénshēng déyì xū jìn huān, mò shǐ jīnzūn kōng duì yuè. [Pinyin]
     In life, fully enjoy yourself when you are delighted; do not allow an empty goblet to face the moon.
3. particle indicating a rhetorical question
4. a surname

Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]

• 一籌莫展 / 一筹莫展 (yīchóumòzhǎn)
• 八莫 (Bāmò)
• 公莫舞
• 兵機莫測 / 兵机莫测
• 切莫 (qièmò)
• 半籌莫展 / 半筹莫展
• 噬臍莫及 / 噬脐莫及
• 干將莫邪 (gānjiāng-mòyé)
• 廣莫門 / 广莫门
• 廣莫風 / 广莫风
• 後悔莫及 / 后悔莫及 (hòuhuǐmòjí)
• 德音莫違 / 德音莫违
• 悔之莫及 (huǐzhīmòjí)
• 愛莫之助 / 爱莫之助
• 愛莫能助 / 爱莫能助 (àimònéngzhù)
• 折莫
• 敢莫是
• 望塵莫及 / 望尘莫及 (wàngchénmòjí)
• 杖莫如信
• 概莫能外 (gàimònéngwài)
• 欽佩莫名 / 钦佩莫名
• 沉冤莫白
• 無適無莫 / 无适无莫
• 玄妙莫測 / 玄妙莫测
• 百口莫辯 / 百口莫辩 (bǎikǒumòbiàn)
• 百喙莫辯 / 百喙莫辩 (bǎihuìmòbiàn)
• 百思莫解
• 百身莫贖 / 百身莫赎
• 百辭莫辯 / 百辞莫辩
• 相視莫逆 / 相视莫逆
• 真偽莫辨 / 真伪莫辨
• 眾寡莫敵 / 众寡莫敌
• 神機莫測 / 神机莫测
• 神祕莫測 / 神秘莫测 (shénmìmòcè)
• 神鬼莫測 / 神鬼莫测
• 萬夫莫敵 / 万夫莫敌
• 萬夫莫當 / 万夫莫当
• 窮寇莫追 / 穷寇莫追
• 罪莫大焉
• 舉世莫比 / 举世莫比
• 莫三比克 (Mòsānbǐkè)
• 莫不 (mòbù)
• 莫不是 (mòbùshì)
• 莫之與京 / 莫之与京 (mòzhīyǔjīng)
• 莫予毒也 (mòyúdúyě)
• 莫余毒也 (mòyúdúyě)
• 莫可名狀 / 莫可名状
• 莫可奈何
• 莫名 (mòmíng)
• 莫名其妙 (mòmíngqímiào)
• 莫報萬一 / 莫报万一 (mò bào wànyī)
• 莫大 (mòdà)
• 莫如 (mòrú)
• 莫展一籌 / 莫展一筹
• 莫干山 (Mògān Shān)
• 莫得
• 莫怪
• 莫愁
• 莫愁湖
• 莫措手足
• 莫教
• 莫敢是
• 莫敢誰何 / 莫敢谁何 (mògǎn-shuíhé)
• 莫斯科 (Mòsīkē)
• 莫明其妙 (mòmíngqímiào)
• 莫是
• 莫曼斯克
• 莫此為甚 / 莫此为甚
• 莫比
• 莫測 / 莫测 (mòcè)
• 莫測高深 / 莫测高深 (mòcègāoshēn)
• 莫當 / 莫当 (mòdāng)
• 莫知所措
• 莫知所為 / 莫知所为
• 莫知所謂 / 莫知所谓
• 莫耳 (mò'ěr)
• 莫若 (mòruò)
• 莫衷一是 (mòzhōngyīshì)
• 莫衷壹是
• 莫說 / 莫说
• 莫辨楮葉 / 莫辨楮叶
• 莫逆 (mònì)
• 莫逆之交 (mònìzhījiāo)
• 莫逆之友
• 莫逆之契
• 莫逆交
• 莫過 / 莫过
• 莫道
• 莫邪 (Mòyé)
• 莫難道 / 莫难道
• 莫非 (mòfēi)
• 莫須有 / 莫须有 (mòxūyǒu)
• 莫顯 / 莫显
• 莫高 (Mògāo)
• 莫高窟 (Mògāokū)
• 著莫
• 落莫 (luòmò)
• 諱莫如深 / 讳莫如深 (huìmòrúshēn)
• 變化莫測 / 变化莫测 (biànhuàmòcè)
• 變幻莫測 / 变幻莫测 (biànhuànmòcè)
• 遮莫
• 針餌莫減 / 针饵莫减
• 錯莫 / 错莫
• 門高莫對 / 门高莫对
• 雌雄莫辨
• 鞭長莫及 / 鞭长莫及 (biānchángmòjí)
• 高深莫測 / 高深莫测 (gāoshēnmòcè)
• 鬼神莫測 / 鬼神莫测
• 鬼神莫窺 / 鬼神莫窥

Contraction of 毋愛 / 毋爱 (m̄-ài).

• Southern Min
  (Hokkien, POJ): mài
  (Teochew, Peng'im): mai3

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Yilan, Penang, Klang, Singapore)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mài
    * Tâi-lô: mài
    * Phofsit Daibuun: maix
    * IPA (Taipei): /mãi¹¹/
    * IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /mãi²¹/
    * IPA (Penang, Singapore): /mai²¹/
    * IPA (Lukang, Klang): /mãi³¹/
  • (Teochew)
    * Peng'im: mai3
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mài
    * Sinological IPA (key): /mai²¹³/

莫 (Southern Min)

1. do not; don't; must not
   莫按呢！ [Hokkien] ― Mài án-ne! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― Don't do like that!
   莫閣講矣！ [Hokkien, _trad._]
   莫阁讲矣！ [Hokkien, _simp._]
   Mài koh kóng--ah! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
   Don't talk about that!
   莫摸我！ [Hokkien] ― Mài bong góa! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― Don't touch me!
2. to not want

Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]

• Mandarin
  (Pinyin): mù (mu4)
  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ
• Cantonese (Jyutping): mou6

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)+
    * Hanyu Pinyin: mù
    * Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ
    * Tongyong Pinyin: mù
    * Wade–Giles: mu4
    * Yale: mù
    * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh
    * Palladius: му (mu)
    * Sinological IPA (key): /mu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    * Jyutping: mou6
    * Yale: mouh
    * Cantonese Pinyin: mou6
    * Guangdong Romanization: mou6
    * Sinological IPA (key): /mou̯²²/

莫

1. † Original form of 暮 (mù, “dusk; late”).
   • 其莫不冓雨。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and _simp._]
     From: 合29807
     Qí mù bù gòu yǔ. [Pinyin]
     (please add an English translation of this usage example)
   • 飲酒之節，朝不廢朝，莫不廢夕。 [Classical Chinese, _trad._]
     饮酒之节，朝不废朝，莫不废夕。 [Classical Chinese, _simp._]
     From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
     Yǐnjiǔ zhī jié, zhāo bù fèi zhāo, mù bù fèi xī. [Pinyin]
     (please add an English translation of this usage example)
2. † a kind of vegetable
   • 彼汾沮洳，言采其莫。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and _simp._]
     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
     Bǐ Fén jǔrù, yán cǎi qí mù. [Pinyin]
     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

• 莫春

• 莫景

• 闇莫 / 暗莫

• “莫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

莫

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. late
2. end
3. not be
4. must not

• Go-on: も (mo)、_まく_ (maku)
• Kan-on: ぼ (bo)、_ばく_ (baku)
• Kun: くれ (kure, 莫れ)、_ない_ (nai, 莫い)、_なかれ_ (nakare, 莫れ)
• Nanori: さだむ (sadamu)

莫 (eumhun 없을 막 (eopseul mak))

1. hanja form? of 막 (“do not, is not, cannot”)

莫 (eumhun 저물 모 (jeomul mo))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{[rfdef](/wiki/Template:rfdef#top "Template:rfdef")}}.

莫: Hán Việt readings: mạc (末(mạt)各(các)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
莫: Nôm readings: mác[1][2][3][4][5][6], mạc[1][2][5][6], mếch[1]

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{[rfdef](/wiki/Template:rfdef#top "Template:rfdef")}}.

2. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).

3. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

4. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).

5. ^ Hồ (1976).

6. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).

7. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

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• Japanese kanji with nanori reading さだむ
• Korean lemmas
• Korean hanja
• Korean hanja forms
• Vietnamese Chữ Hán
• Vietnamese lemmas
• Vietnamese Han characters
• Vietnamese Nom