都 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Stroke order

Note that there are two Unicode z-variants, with code points U+90FD and U+FA26 (the latter is a compatibility variant and contains an extra dot below 耂 in 者).

都 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+8 in Chinese, 邑+9 in Japanese, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十日弓中 (JANL), four-corner 47627, composition ⿰者阝)

simp. and trad. 都
alternative forms 𨜞𨛷

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | | 觰 | *rtaːʔ, *rtaː | | 諸 | *tjaː, *tja | | 者 | *tjaːʔ | | 堵 | *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ | | 赭 | *tjaːʔ | | 撦 | *l̥ʰjaːʔ | | 扯 | *tʰjaːʔ | | 闍 | *djaː, *taː | | 奢 | *hljaː | | 鍺 | *toːlʔ | | 都 | *taː | | 醏 | *taː | | 覩 | *taːʔ | | 睹 | *taːʔ | | 暏 | *taːʔ | | 賭 | *taːʔ | | 帾 | *taːʔ | | 楮 | *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ | | 屠 | *daː, *da | | 瘏 | *daː | | 廜 | *daː | | 鷵 | *daː | | 緒 | *ljaʔ | | 豬 | *ta | | 猪 | *ta | | 瀦 | *ta | | 藸 | *ta, *da | | 櫫 | *ta | | 褚 | *taʔ, *tʰaʔ | | 著 | *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ | | 箸 | *tas, *das | | 儲 | *da | | 躇 | *da | | 櫧 | *tja | | 藷 | *tja, *djas | | 蠩 | *tja | | 煮 | *tjaʔ | | 渚 | *tjaʔ | | 煑 | *tjaʔ | | 陼 | *tjaʔ | | 翥 | *tjas | | 署 | *djas | | 薯 | *djas | | 曙 | *djas | | 書 | *hlja | | 暑 | *hjaʔ | | 鐯 | *taɡ | | 擆 | *taɡ | | 櫡 | *taɡ |

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *taː): phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ) + semantic 邑 (“town, city”).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 都
Reading # 1/1
ModernBeijing(Pinyin) dū
MiddleChinese ‹ tu ›
OldChinese /*tˁa/
English capital city
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 都
Reading # 1/1
No. 16968
Phoneticcomponent 者
Rimegroup 魚
Rimesubdivision 0
CorrespondingMC rime 都
OldChinese /*taː/

都

  1. metropolis; large city
    都市 ― dūshì ― metropolis; major city
  2. capital; capital city
    都城 ― dūchéng ― capital
  3. (literary) to make a place the capital city; to establish a capital
  4. (obsolete) graceful; elegant
  5. a surname. Du

Colloquial form of 諸 (OC *tja, “all”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Note: dū - only used in certain fossilized expressions, e.g. 大都.

Note: du1 - "also" in some overseas and Hong Kong speakers.

Note: du2 - “also”.

都

  1. all; both (used to indicate that the statement is true for every subject or object); or the entirety of something
    我都知道了。 ― Wǒ dōu zhīdào le. ― I know everything. [ambiguous; may also mean “Even I know”.]
    他比任何人都好。 [MSC, trad. and _simp._]
    Tā bǐ rènhé rén dōu hǎo. [Pinyin]
    He is better than anyone else.
    這裡的人我都認識。 [MSC, _trad._]
    这里的人我都认识。 [MSC, _simp._]
    Zhèlǐ de rén wǒ dōu rènshí. [Pinyin]
    I know everyone here.
    現在在超市什麼都買得到。 [MSC, _trad._]
    现在在超市什么都买得到。 [MSC, _simp._]
    Xiànzài zài chāoshì shénme dōu mǎi de dào. [Pinyin]
    These days everything can be bought from a supermarket.
    他什麼電影都不看。 [MSC, _trad._]
    他什么电影都不看。 [MSC, _simp._]
    Tā shénme diànyǐng dōu bù kàn. [Pinyin]
    He doesn't watch any movies.
    我真羨慕他，在哪裡都能睡得著。 [MSC, _trad._]
    我真羡慕他，在哪里都能睡得着。 [MSC, _simp._]
    Wǒ zhēn xiànmù tā, zài nǎlǐ dōu néng shuìdezháo. [Pinyin]
    I really envy him; he can sleep wherever he is.
    大都 ― dàdōu ― generally
    吹到成牆都係 [Cantonese, _trad._]
    吹到成墙都系 [Cantonese, _simp._]
    ceoi1 dou3 sing4 coeng4 dou1 hai6 [Jyutping]
    blown by the wind until it has covered the entire wall
  2. (emphasis on subject) even
    我都不知道，你是怎麼知道的？ [MSC, _trad._]
    我都不知道，你是怎么知道的？ [MSC, _simp._]
    Wǒ dōu bù zhīdào, nǐ shì zěnme zhīdào de? [Pinyin]
    How come you know it when even I don't know?
  3. (emphasis on object) even, interchangeable with 也 (yě)
    我身上一分錢都沒有。 [MSC, _trad._]
    我身上一分钱都没有。 [MSC, _simp._]
    Wǒ shēnshàng yī fēn qián dōu méiyǒu. [Pinyin]
    I don't even have a single cent.
    我給她打了四個電話，她一個都沒接。 [MSC, _trad._]
    我给她打了四个电话，她一个都没接。 [MSC, _simp._]
    Wǒ gěi tā dǎ le sì ge diànhuà, tā yīge dōu méi jiē. [Pinyin]
    I called her four times, but she answered none of them.
    1. (emphasis) Used in the 連……都…… structure; interchangeable with 也 (yě); even
      他連畜生都不如，連自己的父母都不養活。 [MSC, _trad._]
      他连畜生都不如，连自己的父母都不养活。 [MSC, _simp._]
      Tā lián chùsheng dōu bùrú, lián zìjǐ de fùmǔ dōu bù yǎnghuo. [Pinyin]
      He is no better than an animal, because he doesn't even support his own parents.
  4. (emphasis on verb, in the negative) at all
    睇都未睇過／睇都未睇过 [Cantonese] ― tai2 dou1 mei6 tai2 gwo3 [Jyutping] ― have not seen a single second of it; have not seen it at all
  5. already
    都四點了。／都四点了。 ― Dōu sì diǎn le. ― It is already 4 o'clock.
    都這麼晚了嗎？／都这么晚了吗？ ― Dōu zhème wǎn le ma? ― Is it that late already?
  6. (Cantonese) as well; also; too
    我都好好。 [Cantonese] ― ngo5 dou1 hou2 hou2. [Jyutping] ― I'm fine too.
  7. (Cantonese) still; anyways; nevertheless

不都: not all, not everyone.

都不: none, no one

Dialectal synonyms of 都 (“all; both”) [map]

Variety Location Words edit
Classical Chinese 皆, 均, 俱
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 都, 全, 皆, 均, 俱
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 都, 全
Taiwan 都
Malaysia 都
Singapore 都
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 都, 全
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 都
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 都, 下
Wuhan 都, 下
Guilin 都
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 都, 全
Hefei 都
Cantonese Guangzhou 都
Hong Kong 都
Yangjiang 都
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 都
Singapore (Guangfu) 都
Gan Nanchang 都
Hakka Meixian 都
Wuhua (Meilin) 都
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 都
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 都
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 都
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 都
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 都
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 攏
Jin Taiyuan 都, 全
Northern Min Jian'ou 都
Eastern Min Fuzhou 都
Southern Min Xiamen 攏, 計, 計計
Xiamen (Tong'an) 攏
Quanzhou 攏, 計, 計計
Zhangzhou 攏, 計, 計計
Zhao'an 攏
Dongshan 攏
Tainan 攏
Penang (Hokkien) 到了
Singapore (Hokkien) 攏, 攏總, 計
Manila (Hokkien) 攏, 攏總
Chaozhou 攏
Shantou 攏
Jieyang 攏
Singapore (Teochew) 攏
Wenchang 都
Qionghai 攏
Singapore (Hainanese) 攏
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 都
Wu Shanghai 儕, 禿 obsolete
Shanghai (Songjiang) 儕
Shanghai (Chongming) 儕, 孩
Suzhou 儕
Wuxi 儕
Nantong (Haimen) 儕, 孩, 純, 恆, 禿
Tongxiang 儕
Ningbo 和
Wenzhou 沃
Lishui 都
Qingyuan 都
Xiang Changsha 下, 都
Shuangfeng 下

Dialectal synonyms of 也 (“also, too”) [map]

Variety Location Words edit
Classical Chinese 亦
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 也
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 也
Taiwan 也
Malaysia 也
Singapore 也
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 也
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 也
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 也
Wuhan 也
Guilin 也
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 也
Hefei 也
Cantonese Guangzhou 都, 亦
Hong Kong 都, 亦, 亦都
Macau 都, 亦 formal
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 都, 也
Taishan 亦
Kaiping (Chikan) 亦, 都, 亦都
Yangjiang 也
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 都
Singapore (Guangfu) 都, 亦都
Gan Nanchang 也
Hakka Meixian 也
Wuhua (Meilin) 也
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 乜
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 乜, 也
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 乜
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 乜
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 乜
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 嘛
Kuching (Hepo) 呠
Huizhou Jixi 也
Jin Taiyuan 也
Northern Min Jian'ou 也
Eastern Min Fuzhou 也
Southern Min Xiamen 也, 嘛
Quanzhou 也, 嘛
Zhangzhou 也, 嘛
Taipei 也, 嘛
Penang (Hokkien) 呠
Singapore (Hokkien) 也, 呠, 嘛
Manila (Hokkien) 也, 嘛, 閣
Chaozhou 也
Shantou 也
Jieyang 也
Singapore (Teochew) 呠, 也, 嘛
Pontianak (Teochew) 也
Wenchang 也
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 都
Wu Shanghai 也
Suzhou 亦
Wenzhou 也
Xiang Changsha 也
Shuangfeng 也
For pronunciation and definitions of 都 – see 嘟 (“to pout; to pucker up; etc.”).(This character is the second-round simplified form of 嘟).
Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
Shinjitai 都
Kyūjitai[1] 都都or都+︀?
都󠄀都+󠄀?(Adobe-Japan1)
都󠄃都+󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi)(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.See here for details.

都

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 都)

Kanji in this term
都
みやこGrade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
都 (kyūjitai)京京都

⟨mi1yako1⟩ → */mʲijakʷo/ → /mijako/

From Old Japanese, a compound of 宮(みや) (miya, “imperial palace”) + 処(こ) (ko, “place”).

都(みやこ) • (miyako)

  1. (archaic) the place of residence of the emperor
  2. (by extension) a capital city
  3. (by extension) a capital (most important city in the field specified)
  4. (shogi, colloquial) Short for 都詰め (miyakozume): moving the 王将 (ōshō)/玉将 (gyokushō, “king”) to the center of the board with other pieces close together

Derived terms

都(みやこ) • (Miyako)

  1. a placename
  2. a surname
  3. a female given name
Kanji in this term
都
とGrade: 3
kan'on
Alternative spelling
都 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 都 (MC tu).

都(と) • (to)

  1. a capital city
  2. a city, metropolis
  3. Short for 東京都 (Tōkyō-to): the capital prefecture of Tokyo

都(と) • (to)

  1. city, metropolis
  2. capital city
  3. elegant, graceful, refined
  4. gather, command

都(と) • (-to)

  1. counter for metropolis prefectures

Derived terms

Kanji in this term
都
つGrade: 3
goon
Alternative spelling
都 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 都 (MC tu).

都(つ) • (tsu)

  1. all, both, everyone, whole
  1. ^ “都”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

都 (eumhun 도읍 도 (do'eup do))

  1. hanja form? of 도 (“capital city”)
  2. hanja form? of 도 (“all, the whole”)
  3. hanja form? of 도 (“elegant, refined”)

都

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 都)

Originally a compound of 宮 (mi1ya, “palace”) and an uncertain こ (ko1) referring to a place.

都 (mi1yako1) (kana みやこ)

  1. the place of residence of the emperor, especially a temporary lodging in which the emperor stays during an imperial visit
  2. (by extension) a capital city

都: Hán Nôm readings: đô

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{[rfdef](/wiki/Template:rfdef#top "Template:rfdef")}}.