fir - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
fir
A fir tree (Abies balsamea)
From Middle English firre, from Old English fyrh, furh, as in furhwudu (“pinewood”),[1] from Proto-West Germanic *furhu, from Proto-Germanic *furhō, *furhijǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *pŕ̥kʷeh₂, from *pérkʷus (“oak”). Possibly conflated during Middle English with Old Norse fýri (as in fýriskógr (“pine-wood”).[2]
Germanic cognates include Dutch vuren, Low German Fuhr, German Föhre (“pine”), Danish fyr). Outside of Germanic, compare Italian (Trentino) porca (“fir”), Latin quercus (“oak”), Albanian shpardh, shparr (“Italian oak”), Punjabi ਪਰਗਾਇ (pargāī, “holm oak, _Quercus baloot_”)). Related to frith.
- (Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA(key): /fɜː/
- (US) enPR: fûr, IPA(key): /fɝ/
- (Scotland) IPA(key): /fɪɹ/
- (New Zealand) IPA(key): /føː/
- (Liverpool, fair_–_fur merger) IPA(key): /feː/
- (Humberside, Teesside, fair_–_fur merger) IPA(key): /fɛː/
- Homophones: fur (fern_–_fir_–_fur merger); fair, fare (both fair_–_fur merger)
- Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)
fir (countable and uncountable, plural firs)
- (chiefly countable) A conifer of the genus Abies.
- 1907 January, Harold Bindloss, chapter 1, in The Dust of Conflict, 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: McLeod & Allen, →OCLC:
A beech wood with silver firs in it rolled down the face of the hill, and the maze of leafless twigs and dusky spires cut sharp against the soft blueness of the evening sky.
- 1907 January, Harold Bindloss, chapter 1, in The Dust of Conflict, 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: McLeod & Allen, →OCLC:
- (chiefly countable) Any pinaceous conifer of related genera, especially a Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga) or a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris).
- 1954, J. R. R. Tolkien, chapter 3, in The Lord of the Rings:
we shall find a spot that is sheltered and snug enough, sir. There is a dry fir-wood just ahead, if I remember rightly. - 1991, Paul Chadwick, Concrete: American Christmas, Dark Horse Books:
I can almost smell the fir scent… resinous, pungent.
- 1954, J. R. R. Tolkien, chapter 3, in The Lord of the Rings:
- (uncountable) Wood of such trees.
(all countable senses): fir-tree
(wood): firwood
China fir, Chinese fir (Cunninghamia spp.)
hemlock fir (Tsuga spp.)
mountain clubmoss, mountain fir clubmoss (Huperzia appalachiana)
pitch fir (Pinus rigida etc.)
conifer of the genus Abies
- Abkhaz: аԥсагә (apsagʷ)
- Afrikaans: silwerspar
- Albanian: bredh (sq) m
- Altai:
Southern Altai: јойгон (ǰoygon) - Arabic: شُوح m (šūḥ)
- Aragonese: abet
- Armenian: եղեւին (hy) (eġewin)
- Aromanian: brad m, ehlã f
- Asturian: abetu m
- Atayal: please add this translation if you can
- Azerbaijani: küknar (az)
- Basque: izei
- Belarusian: пі́хта f (píxta), ёлка f (jólka)
- Bulgarian: ела́ f (elá)
- Bunun: please add this translation if you can
- Catalan: avet (ca)
- Cheyenne: vé'evêšéstótó'e, vó'komêšéstótó'e
- Chinese:
Mandarin: 冷杉 (zh) (lěngshān); 樅 / 枞 (zh) (cōng) (literary); 樅樹 / 枞树 (zh) (cōngshù) - Corsican: ghjaddicu, ghjallicu
- Czech: jedle (cs) f
- Danish: ædelgran (da) c
- Dutch: zilverspar (nl) m
Middle Dutch: danne m - Esperanto: abio (eo)
- Estonian: nulg (et)
- Even: ӈаӈта (ŋaŋta)
- Evenki: асикта (asikta)
- Faroese: aðalgrann f
- Finnish: pihta (fi), jalokuusi (fi)
- French: sapin (fr) m
- Frisian:
Saterland Frisian: Danne - Galician: abeto (gl), pinabete m
- Georgian: სოჭი (ka) (soč̣i)
- German: Tanne (de) f, Tannenbaum (de) m
Alemannic German: Tannu, Dane
Middle High German: vorhe, tanne
Old High German: tanna f - Greek: έλατο (el) n (élato), έλατος (el) m (élatos)
Ancient Greek: ἐλάτη f (elátē) - Haitian Creole: sapen
- Hebrew: אשוח (he) m (ashúakh)
- Hungarian: jegenyefenyő (hu)
- Icelandic: þinur (is) m
- Ido: abieto (io)
- Interlingua: abiete
- Irish: giúis (ga) f
Middle Irish: ochtach
Old Irish: giús m - Italian: abete (it) m
- Japanese: 樅の木 (momi no ki), モミ (momi)
- Kazakh: самырсын (samyrsyn), майқарағай (maiqarağai)
- Khakas: сыбы (sıbı)
- Komi:
Komi-Zyrian: ньыв (ńyv) - Korean: 전나무 (ko) (jeonnamu)
- Latin: abiēs f
- Latvian: baltegles
- Lithuanian: kėnis
- Low German: Dann f
Middle Low German: vūre, danne - Macedonian: чам (čam), ела f (ela)
- Manchu: ᠵᠠᡴᠰᡠᠨ (jaksun)
- Manx: juys
- Mari:
Eastern Mari: нулго (nulgo) - Megleno-Romanian: brad m
- Middle English: firre
- Mingrelian: გიგიბი (gigibi)
- Mongolian: жодоо (mn) (žodoo)
- Nahuatl: oyametl (nah)
- Nanai: вангта (waŋta), хасикта (hasikta)
- Norman: sapîn m
- Northern Altai: шӱбее (šübee)
- Norwegian:
Bokmål: edelgran
Nynorsk: edelgran - Occitan: avet (oc)
- Old English: furh, æbs
- Old Norse: þinurr
- Old Prussian: adlē
- Old Saxon: furia, danna (also dennia)
- Ossetian: соцъи (soc’i)
- Persian: نراد (fa) (narâd)
- Piedmontese: sapin
- Polish: jodła (pl) f
- Portuguese: abeto (pt) m
- Quechua: awitu
- Romanian: brad (ro) m
- Russian: пи́хта (ru) f (píxta), ель (ru) f (jelʹ), ёлка (ru) f (jólka)
- Scottish Gaelic: giuthas m
- Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: јела, је̑лка f
Latin: jéla (sh) f, jȇlka (sh) f - Sherpa: tashing
- Slovak: jedľa (sk)
- Slovene: jelka (sl) f
- Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: jedła f
Upper Sorbian: jědla f - Spanish: abeto (es) m
- Swahili: mberoshi
- Swedish: ädelgran (sv), gran (sv)
- Tagalog: abeto
- Taos: pʼȍkʼúowoną
- Tibetan: སོམ་ཤིང་། (som shing)
- Tofa: чойған (coyġan)
- Turkish: köknar (tr)
- Tuvan: чойган (çoygan)
- Ukrainian: яли́ця (uk) f (jalýcja)
- Venetan: tana
- Vietnamese: linh sam
- Walloon: sapén (wa) m
- Welsh: ffynidwydd f pl
- Yakut: харыйа (qarïya)
- Yiddish: טענענבוים m (tenenboym), יאָדלע f (yodle)
- ^ J.P. Mallory, Douglas Q. Adams, eds., Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture s.v. "oak", "pine" (London: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997), pp. 407, 428-9.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd edn., s.v. "fir" (Oxford, 2000).
fir m
Mutated forms of fir
| radical | lenition | eclipsis |
|---|---|---|
| fir | fhir | bhfir |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
- ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1938), Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Description of an Irish dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, § 2, page 5
- ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 106
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 100
From Old High German furi, from Proto-West Germanic *furi, from Proto-Germanic *furi. Cognate with German für, English for.
fir (+ accusative)
- fir datt
- fir d'éischt
- fir ze
- IPA(key): /firʲ/
fir
Mutation of fir
| radical | lenition | eclipsis |
|---|---|---|
| fir | ir | vir |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
fir
- alternative form of firre
fir f
- flight (act of flying)
fir
- imperative of fire
fir
Mutation of fir
| radical | lenition | nasalization |
|---|---|---|
| fir | ḟir | firpronounced with /β̃ʲ-/ |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Inherited from Latin fīlum, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-.
fir n (plural fire)
- desfira
- înfira
- răsfira
- sârmă f
- “fir”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2026
fir m
Mutation of fir
| radical | lenition |
|---|---|
| fir | fhir |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Inherited from Old French fer, from Latin ferus. Compare French fier.
fir m (feminine singular fire, masculine plural firs, feminine plural fires, feminine plural (before noun) firès)