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Books by Carlo ARTEMI
by Michal Kokowski, Nadezhda Kushlakova, Annette LYKKNES, R. Kremer, Abraham (Ab) Ch. Flipse, Carlo ARTEMI, Mitchell G . Ash, Fabio Bevilacqua, Brigitte BISCHOF, V. Boas, Maria Teresa BORGATO, José CHABÁS, Olga Elina, Olga Yu. ELINA, Falcon-perez Jm, Robert Fox, Andre Goddu, Ernst P. HAMM, Antoine JACOBSOHN, Jirí JINDRA, Juozas Al. KRIKSTOPAITIS, Andreas Kuehne, Tayra Lanuza-Navarro, Sławomir Łotysz, Victor Navarro Brotons, Juan Navarro-Loidi, Efthymios NICOLAIDIS, Christiane NIVET, Finola O'Kane, Núria Pérez, Prof. Dr. Raffaele Pisano, HDR (Habil.), Robert ROSNER, Voula Saridakis, René Sigrist, Rudolf Werner Soukup, Þorsteinn Vilhjálmsson, Andrzej Wróblewski, Enrique Wulff, Leszek ZASZTOWT, and Karl-Heinz ZIESSOW
Papers by Carlo ARTEMI
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1989
The gas mixtures presently used in plastic limited streamer tubes ("Iarocci tubes" or LSTs) have ... more The gas mixtures presently used in plastic limited streamer tubes ("Iarocci tubes" or LSTs) have a high hydrocarbon content and are very flammable when mixed with air, posing a potential safety hazard in modern large underground experiments. The S$ Warm Iron Calorimeter group has therefore made an extensive investigation of nonflammable ternary mixtures based on COZ, Ar and various hydrocarbons.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1989
The gas mixtures generally used until now in limited streamer tube detectors (Ar+C4H10 or Ar+CO 2... more The gas mixtures generally used until now in limited streamer tube detectors (Ar+C4H10 or Ar+CO 2 +C5H12 ) are very flammable when leaked into air. The safety issues are therefore very relevant for large-volume underground experiments. We have found a set of completely safe (i.e. nonflammable) ternary mixtures of the kind Ar + hydrocarbon + CO 2 containing less than -5% of Ar and less than ~ 10% of hydrocarbon. We tested C4H10 , C5H12 and C6H14 as quenching agents. The main characteristics of the various mixtures have been measured: singles (untriggered) counting rate versus high voltage and with different dead times, and average charge. The stability of these mixtures is good, and their spurious streamer activity is compared with the standard binary or ternary mixture. We studied in particular the combination Ar(2.5%)+ C4H10(9.5% ) + CO2(88% ). All the data suggest that this or a similar gas mixture can successfully replace standard flammable mixtures both in tracking devices and hadron calorimeters. * Permanent address: INFN, Sezione di Padova, Italy. 0168-9002/89/$03.50
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1989
ABSTRACT We have studied the characteristics of CF4-based nonflammable gas mixtures for plastic s... more ABSTRACT We have studied the characteristics of CF4-based nonflammable gas mixtures for plastic streamer tubes. For various combinations of CF4 + hydrocarbon and CF4 + hydrocarbon + Ar we measured the singles counting rate plateau, the charge spectrum and the average drift time over the cell. The hydrocarbons used were respectively isobutane, n-pentane and n-hexane. The stability of these mixtures is good, and their spurious streamer activity is compared with the standard binary or ternary mixture. The drift velocity is at least twice as high as in the standard mixtures.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1989
by Michal Kokowski, Nadezhda Kushlakova, Annette LYKKNES, R. Kremer, Abraham (Ab) Ch. Flipse, Carlo ARTEMI, Mitchell G . Ash, Fabio Bevilacqua, Brigitte BISCHOF, V. Boas, Maria Teresa BORGATO, José CHABÁS, Olga Elina, Olga Yu. ELINA, Falcon-perez Jm, Robert Fox, Andre Goddu, Ernst P. HAMM, Antoine JACOBSOHN, Jirí JINDRA, Juozas Al. KRIKSTOPAITIS, Andreas Kuehne, Tayra Lanuza-Navarro, Sławomir Łotysz, Victor Navarro Brotons, Juan Navarro-Loidi, Efthymios NICOLAIDIS, Christiane NIVET, Finola O'Kane, Núria Pérez, Prof. Dr. Raffaele Pisano, HDR (Habil.), Robert ROSNER, Voula Saridakis, René Sigrist, Rudolf Werner Soukup, Þorsteinn Vilhjálmsson, Andrzej Wróblewski, Enrique Wulff, Leszek ZASZTOWT, and Karl-Heinz ZIESSOW
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1989
The gas mixtures presently used in plastic limited streamer tubes ("Iarocci tubes" or LSTs) have ... more The gas mixtures presently used in plastic limited streamer tubes ("Iarocci tubes" or LSTs) have a high hydrocarbon content and are very flammable when mixed with air, posing a potential safety hazard in modern large underground experiments. The S$ Warm Iron Calorimeter group has therefore made an extensive investigation of nonflammable ternary mixtures based on COZ, Ar and various hydrocarbons.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1989
The gas mixtures generally used until now in limited streamer tube detectors (Ar+C4H10 or Ar+CO 2... more The gas mixtures generally used until now in limited streamer tube detectors (Ar+C4H10 or Ar+CO 2 +C5H12 ) are very flammable when leaked into air. The safety issues are therefore very relevant for large-volume underground experiments. We have found a set of completely safe (i.e. nonflammable) ternary mixtures of the kind Ar + hydrocarbon + CO 2 containing less than -5% of Ar and less than ~ 10% of hydrocarbon. We tested C4H10 , C5H12 and C6H14 as quenching agents. The main characteristics of the various mixtures have been measured: singles (untriggered) counting rate versus high voltage and with different dead times, and average charge. The stability of these mixtures is good, and their spurious streamer activity is compared with the standard binary or ternary mixture. We studied in particular the combination Ar(2.5%)+ C4H10(9.5% ) + CO2(88% ). All the data suggest that this or a similar gas mixture can successfully replace standard flammable mixtures both in tracking devices and hadron calorimeters. * Permanent address: INFN, Sezione di Padova, Italy. 0168-9002/89/$03.50
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1989
ABSTRACT We have studied the characteristics of CF4-based nonflammable gas mixtures for plastic s... more ABSTRACT We have studied the characteristics of CF4-based nonflammable gas mixtures for plastic streamer tubes. For various combinations of CF4 + hydrocarbon and CF4 + hydrocarbon + Ar we measured the singles counting rate plateau, the charge spectrum and the average drift time over the cell. The hydrocarbons used were respectively isobutane, n-pentane and n-hexane. The stability of these mixtures is good, and their spurious streamer activity is compared with the standard binary or ternary mixture. The drift velocity is at least twice as high as in the standard mixtures.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1989