Elżbieta Cieślak - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Elżbieta Cieślak
Molecular Ecology, Apr 1, 2008
A survey of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation w... more A survey of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation was conducted to elucidate the phylogeography of Campanula alpina, a key species of silicicolous alpine grasslands in the Carpathians with a disjunct distribution in the Eastern European Alps. The Carpathians experienced a different glacial history from the Alps: local glaciers were present only in the highest massifs, while alpine habitats extended over larger areas related to their present distribution in this region. We asked: (i) whether in the Carpathians a high‐mountain plant exhibits a complex phylogeographical structure or rather signatures of recent migrations, and (ii) whether the disjunct part of the species’ distribution in the Alps resulted from a recent colonization from the Carpathians or from a restricted expansion from separate Eastern Alpine refugia. Our study revealed a clear phylogeographical pattern in AFLPs supported by congruent groups of distinct cpDNA haplotypes. Highest genetic differentiation was observed between the Alps and the Carpathians, indicating a long‐term isolation between populations from these two mountain ranges. Further genetic division within the Carpathians suggests that current species’ distribution is composed of several groups which have been isolated from each other for a long period. One genetic break separates Western from Southeastern Carpathian material, which is in line with a classical biogeographical boundary. A further, strongly supported genetic group was identified at the southwestern edge of the Carpathian arch. In the Eastern Alps, genetic traces of glacial survival in separate refugial areas in the calcareous northern part and the siliceous central part were found.
Molecular Ecology, 2008
A survey of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation w... more A survey of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation was conducted to elucidate the phylogeography of Campanula alpina, a key species of silicicolous alpine grasslands in the Carpathians with a disjunct distribution in the Eastern European Alps. The Carpathians experienced a different glacial history from the Alps: local glaciers were present only in the highest massifs, while alpine habitats extended over larger areas related to their present distribution in this region. We asked: (i) whether in the Carpathians a high-mountain plant exhibits a complex phylogeographical structure or rather signatures of recent migrations, and (ii) whether the disjunct part of the species' distribution in the Alps resulted from a recent colonization from the Carpathians or from a restricted expansion from separate Eastern Alpine refugia. Our study revealed a clear phylogeographical pattern in AFLPs supported by congruent groups of distinct cpDNA haplotypes. Highest genetic differentiation was observed between the Alps and the Carpathians, indicating a long-term isolation between populations from these two mountain ranges. Further genetic division within the Carpathians suggests that current species' distribution is composed of several groups which have been isolated from each other for a long period. One genetic break separates Western from Southeastern Carpathian material, which is in line with a classical biogeographical boundary. A further, strongly supported genetic group was identified at the southwestern edge of the Carpathian arch. In the Eastern Alps, genetic traces of glacial survival in separate refugial areas in the calcareous northern part and the siliceous central part were found.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 2002
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2011
The paper presents results of biosystematic analysis of the critical group of Caltha palustris L.... more The paper presents results of biosystematic analysis of the critical group of Caltha palustris L. based on 71 populations from Poland. After a preliminary statistical analysis, fourteen morphological characters (nine quantitative and five qualitative), describing size and shape of basal leaves and mature follicles as well as stem morphology, were selected for the clearest differentiation of the complex. Several groups of morphotypes were distinguished within the complex, based on the statistical analysis of this group of characters. Against this background the taxonomy of the complex is proposed. Two species Caltha laeta Schott, Nyman and Kotschy and Caltha palustris L. and three subspecies within C. palustris (C. p. subsp. palustris, C. p. subsp. cornuta (Schott, Nyman and Kotschy) Hegi and C. p. subsp. radicans (T.F. Forst.) Syme, were distinguished in Poland. The status of the taxa within the Polish flora is defined. The paper includes also a key for determination of the complex taxa, as well as their detailed descriptions.
![Research paper thumbnail of Cytotaxonomical studies on the Caltha palustris complex [Ranunculaceae] in Poland. Preliminary report](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113363602/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 2000
The karyology of representatives of morphologically differentiated taxa within the Caltha palustr... more The karyology of representatives of morphologically differentiated taxa within the Caltha palustris complex was studied. Examination of plants from ten populations of C. palustris subsp. palustris from Poland indicated the domination of somatic chromosome numbers 2n = 32 and 56, with 2n = 32 and 56 for var. palustris, 2n = 56 for var. radicans and 2n = 56 for var. cornuta. C. palustris subsp. laeta from the Tatra Mts. had chromosome number 2n = 62. Mixoploidy was characteristic of the material, with a range of euploid and aneuploid chromosome numbers from 2n = 25 to 2n = 94. Only three plants (from Mrzeżyno, Duninowo and Olkusz) uniformly had 2n = 32. Detailed biometric analyses seem to point to the lack of a simple relation between karyological and morphological variability in representatives of the C. palustris complex occurring in Poland.
Flora, Apr 1, 2019
Phylogeographic studies of grassland plants with broad Eurasian ranges point to the importance of... more Phylogeographic studies of grassland plants with broad Eurasian ranges point to the importance of northern refuges in shaping genetic patterns in populations across species distribution ranges in Central Europe. Carlina acanthifolia subsp. utzka is a common inhabitant of xerothermic sites in Central European dry grasslands. The aim of this study was to test hypotheses regarding some of the main phylogeographical patterns proposed for European grassland plants, in particular the locations of glacial refugia, the re-colonization routes, and genetic affinities between Southern, Eastern and Central European populations. We analyzed the genetic diversity of Carlina acanthifolia subsp. utzka based on distribution-wide sampling of 39 populations (Southern, Central and Eastern Europe) and compiled data obtained using different markers (AFLP, cpDNA, ETS region). The results for AFLP and the ETS region split the populations into two groups: from Central and Eastern Europe with the northern part of the Balkan Peninsula; and from its southern part. The segregation visible both in the distribution of particular haplotypes and in the variation level of the southern group of populations (AFLP) points to local processes that were taking place independently in the northern and the southern parts of the range. Populations from the southern part of the range have likely served as the core of the Central European part during their colonization, while re-colonization of glacial areas in Central Europe took place from local refugia in the central and western parts of Eastern Europe. The southern areas did not participate in this process. The observed variation of the frequency of haplotypes indicates that Eastern Europe populations dominant in the northern Balkan Peninsula got in contact with those from Central Europe. On the other hand, the presence of a separate line of haplotypes and ribotypes in populations from the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula indicates the absence of continuous connectivity of these areas with disjunct areas in Central Europe.
Programme Monday, September 14 8:00 Registration (location 1) 9:30 Opening ceremony (location 2) ... more Programme Monday, September 14 8:00 Registration (location 1) 9:30 Opening ceremony (location 2) 10:00 Surina B.-Magnificent plant life of the Liburnian karst in light of 300 years of botanical exploration 10:30 Coffee break (location 2) Oral presentations (location 1) 11:30 Strid A.-Atlas of the Aegean Flora 11:50 Rottensteiner W.K.-Further intentions in the 'Flora of Istria' project 12:10 Barina Z., Pifkó D., Rakaj M.-A critical checklist of the Albanian vascular flora 12:30 Tan K., Biel B.-The flora of Samothraki with special emphasis on its phytogeographical relationships 12:50 Jogan N.-Is 500 species in 0, 35 km2 a lot? Flora of Ljubljanski Grad hill (C Slovenia) 13:10 Škunca M., Mesić Z., Šteko V., Berta A., Peternel H.-Area evaluation from the aspect of biodiversity: method designed for overcoming data gaps 14:00 Lunch break (location 3) Oral presentations (loaction 1) 15:30 Dogan M., Doğan H. M., Celep F., Kahraman A.-Investigating spatial distribution of economically important Salvia species in Turkey by means of GIS 15:50 Jakovljević K., Tomović G., Vukojičić S., Stevanović V.-Steppe flora in Serbia-distribution, ecological characteristics and centers of diversity 16:10 Tomović G., Niketić M.-Floristic novelties and taxonomic remarks on the genus Viola L. (Violaceae) from Serbia 16:30 Humbatov Z.-Conifer species of Azerbaijan 16:50 Aleksic J.-The secrets of Serbian spruce 17:30 Poster session 1 (location 1) (cryptogams, conservation, ethnobotany, invasive alien plants...
CIESLAK, E. 2002. Distribution of the genus Caltha (Ranunculaceae) in Poland. Fragmenta Flo- rist... more CIESLAK, E. 2002. Distribution of the genus Caltha (Ranunculaceae) in Poland. Fragmenta Flo- ristica et Geobotanica Polonica 9: 89-114. Krakow. PL ISSN 1640-629X. ABSTRACT: This paper presents the distribution of taxa distinguished within Caltha palustris L. in Poland. A detailed list of localities based on herbarium records (both of author's, institutional and private herbarium) is also presented.
![Research paper thumbnail of Cytotaxonomical studies on the Caltha palustris complex [Ranunculaceae] in Poland. Preliminary report](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113363600/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 2000
The karyology of representatives of morphologically differentiated taxa within the Caltha palustr... more The karyology of representatives of morphologically differentiated taxa within the Caltha palustris complex was studied. Examination of plants from ten populations of C. palustris subsp. palustris from Poland indicated the domination of somatic chromosome numbers 2n = 32 and 56, with 2n = 32 and 56 for var. palustris, 2n = 56 for var. radicans and 2n = 56 for var. cornuta. C. palustris subsp. laeta from the Tatra Mts. had chromosome number 2n = 62. Mixoploidy was characteristic of the material, with a range of euploid and aneuploid chromosome numbers from 2n = 25 to 2n = 94. Only three plants (from Mrzeżyno, Duninowo and Olkusz) uniformly had 2n = 32. Detailed biometric analyses seem to point to the lack of a simple relation between karyological and morphological variability in representatives of the C. palustris complex occurring in Poland.
Preslia -Praha-
"Stachurska-Swakoń A., Cieślak E. & Ronikier M. (2012): Phylogeography of subalpine tall... more "Stachurska-Swakoń A., Cieślak E. & Ronikier M. (2012): Phylogeography of subalpine tall-herb species in Central Europe: the case of Cicerbita alpina. – Preslia 84: 121–140. Cicerbita alpina was selected to elucidate the phylogeography of tall-herb species, an ecological group whose Quaternary history is rarely addressed. This species is a typical component of subalpine herbaceous communities in the mountains of Europe. Samples collected for this study comprised the entire range of species, with a focus on those in the Carpathians. The analysis based on AFLP fingerprinting revealed a lack of a strong phylogeographical structure implying that the different parts of the present-day range have not been isolated for a long period of time probably due to the biological characteristics of the species, such as its ability to disperse over great distances. However, the genetic structure indicates some phylogeographical trends, which may reflect traces of survival in local refugia and subsequent diversification into separate lineages during the last glacial period. Within the Carpathians, the division into the Western and South-Eastern Carpathian population groups is apparent. This division is maintained at a larger scale. In particular, the South-Eastern Carpathian group is similar to the Balkan populations, while the Western Carpathian populations are closely related to those in the Eastern Alps and Sudetes. The Scandinavian populations also have a genetic affinity with the latter group and originated from a source in the Eastern Alps or Western Carpathians, presumably via a stepping stone in a northern refugium. "
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2008
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement, 2009
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2011
Genetic diversity of Galium cracoviense, a narrow endemic species, limited to the small area in s... more Genetic diversity of Galium cracoviense, a narrow endemic species, limited to the small area in southern Poland and concentrated on Jurassic limestone outcrops near Czêstochowa, was examined using the AFLP marker. Twenty nine individuals from three spatially isolated populations were used for the study. AFLP analysis yielded 157 bands, of which 110 (70%) were polymorphic. The AMOVA analysis revealed a substantially higher variation within populations (89.35%) than among them (10.65%). Values of parameters describing population genetic diversity, such as Shannon index and gene diversity index estimated for each population, were highly similar. The results indicate a high level of genetic polymorphism as well as a high genetic similarity of the isolated populations of G. cracoviense and thus an unconstrained gene flow between them. Based on the results we conclude that additional demographic and genetic studies, are necessary to monitor potential decrease of populations size resulting mainly from the mechanical destruction of plants and their habitats caused by intense tourism. Due to the small general range of occurrence, conservation should include the highest possible number of populations of G. cracoviense.
Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica Polonica, 2006
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2011
Galium sect. Leptogalium Lange in NE Europe is represented by few, local endemic species which oc... more Galium sect. Leptogalium Lange in NE Europe is represented by few, local endemic species which occur in the area covered by the continental ice sheet in the Pleistocene period. They are: G. cracoviense Ehrend. in S Poland, G. oelandicum (Sterner & Hyl.) Ehrend. in SE Sweden and G. sudeticum Tausch in SW Poland and N Czech Republic. 55 individuals from five populations of these species were analysed using AFLP markers. A total of 193 AFLP bands were detected using three combinations of primers; out of them 159 proved polymorphic (82.4%). The lowest values of Shannon's index and Nei's gene diversity were noted for G. oelandicum and the highest ones for G. sudeticum. The results indicate a relatively high level of genetic variability in each of endemic species in spite of that the studied species occupy very small areas and are represented by a low number of populations. We conclude that additional, demographic and genetic studies are necessary to monitor potential decrease of populations' size resulting mainly from the mechanical destruction of plants and their habitats caused by intense tourism or other human activities (as agriculture, e.g. grazing).
Plant Biology, May 17, 2017
• Viola reichenbachiana (2n = 4x = 20) and V. riviniana (2n = 8x = 40) are closely related specie... more • Viola reichenbachiana (2n = 4x = 20) and V. riviniana (2n = 8x = 40) are closely related species widely distributed in Europe, often sharing the same habitat throughout their overlapping ranges. It has been suggested in numerous studies that their high intraspecific morphological variability and plasticity might have been further increased by interspecific hybridisation in contact zones, given the sympatry of the species and the incomplete sterility of their hybrid. The aims of this study were to: (i) confirm that V. reichenbachiana and V. riviniana have one 4x genome in common, and (ii) determine the impact of hybridisation and introgression on genetic variation of these two species in selected European populations. • For our study, we used 31 Viola populations from four European countries, which were analysed using AFLP and sequencing of a variable plastid intergenic spacer, trnH-psbA. • Our analysis revealed that V. reichenbachiana exhibited larger haplotype diversity, having three species-specific haplotypes versus one in V. riviniana. The relationships among haplotypes suggest transfer of common haplotypes into V. riviniana from both V. reichenbachiana and hypothetically the other, now extinct, parental species. AFLP analysis showed low overall genetic diversity of both species, with V. riviniana showing higher among-population diversity. None of the morphologically designated hybrid populations had additive AFLP polymorphisms that would have indicated recent hybridisation. Also, kinship coefficients between both species did not indicate gene flow. V. riviniana showed significant population subdivision and significant isolation by distance, in contrast to V. reichenbachiana. • The results indicate lack of gene flow between species, high influence of selfing on genetic variability, as well as probably only localised introgression toward V. riviniana.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2011
Cochlearia polonica Fröhl. (Brassicaceae) is one of the rarest species in the Polish and European... more Cochlearia polonica Fröhl. (Brassicaceae) is one of the rarest species in the Polish and European flora and a taxon endemic to a very small area in southern Poland. Due to industrial activities and subsequent transformation of habitats it was extinct in all natural localities around 1994. The persistence of the species was ensured thanks to the active protection efforts including a series of transplantations based on the material from the last and decreasing natural population. The history of conservation efforts of C. polonica provides a model example of successful active protection in the European flora. Here, we provide a complete review comprising the following aims: (i) outline of the discovery and taxonomic conceptions on C. polonica, (ii) review of conservation efforts aimed at preserving its populations, (iii) description of the existing population resources, and (iv) analysis of the genetic structure of all existing populations based on previously published data and new, supplementary results.
BMC Evolutionary Biology, Jan 11, 2019
Background: The Carpathians and the Alps are the largest mountain ranges of the European Alpine S... more Background: The Carpathians and the Alps are the largest mountain ranges of the European Alpine System and important centres of endemism. Among the distinctive endemic species of this area is Saxifraga wahlenbergii, a Western Carpathians member of the speciose genus Saxifraga. It was frequently considered a taxonomically isolated Tertiary palaeopolyploid and palaeoendemic, for which the closest relatives could not yet be traced. A recently described narrow endemic of the Eastern Alps, S. styriaca, was hypothesized to be closely related to S. wahlenbergii based on shared presence of peculiar glandular hairs. To elucidate the origin and phylogenetic relationships of both species we studied nuclear and plastid DNA markers based on multiple accessions and analysed the data in a wide taxonomic context. We applied Sanger sequencing, followed by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) for a refined analysis of nrITS variants to detect signatures of ancient hybridization. The ITS data were used to estimate divergence times of different lineages using a relaxed molecular clock. Results: We demonstrate divergent evolutionary histories for the two mountain endemics. For S. wahlenbergii we revealed a complicated hybrid origin. Its maternal parent belongs to a Western Eurasian lineage of high mountain taxa grouped in subsect. Androsaceae and is most likely the widespread S. androsacea. The putative second parent was most likely S. adscendens, which belongs to the distantly related subsect. Tridactylites. While Sanger sequencing of nrITS only showed S. adscendens-related variants in S. wahlenbergii, our NGS screening revealed presence of sequences from both lineages with clear predominance of the paternal over the maternal lineage. Conclusions: Saxifraga styriaca was unambiguously assigned to subsect. Androsaceae and is not the sister taxon of S. wahlenbergii. Accordingly, the similarity of the glandular hairs observed in both taxa rests on parallelism and both species do not constitute an example of a close evolutionary link between the floras of the Western Carpathians and Eastern Alps. With the origin of its paternal, S. adscendens-like ITS DNA estimated to ca. 4.7 Ma, S. wahlenbergii is not a relict of the mid-Tertiary climate optimum. Its hybrid origin is much younger and most likely took place in the Pleistocene.
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Dec 7, 2007
Cochlearia polonica, a narrow endemic of southern Poland, is one of the rarest and most endangere... more Cochlearia polonica, a narrow endemic of southern Poland, is one of the rarest and most endangered species of the European flora. All natural populations are extinct and the species has survived in only one transplanted population derived from 14 original individuals. Using AFLPs, the genetic variation and spatial structure of this population were analysed approximately 30 years after transplantation. The incidence of polymorphic AFLP bands (30.46%) is low compared with data from a natural population of another Cochlearia species, C. tatrae. Principal coordinates and spatial autocorrelation analyses demonstrated the presence of significant genetic structure. It is recommended that conservation efforts on C. polonica should preserve the complete population area, because local extinctions may lead to a loss of genetic information. The presence of genetic structure should also be taken into account during the sampling of material (plants or seeds) for ex situ conservation measures.
Molecular Ecology, Apr 1, 2008
A survey of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation w... more A survey of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation was conducted to elucidate the phylogeography of Campanula alpina, a key species of silicicolous alpine grasslands in the Carpathians with a disjunct distribution in the Eastern European Alps. The Carpathians experienced a different glacial history from the Alps: local glaciers were present only in the highest massifs, while alpine habitats extended over larger areas related to their present distribution in this region. We asked: (i) whether in the Carpathians a high‐mountain plant exhibits a complex phylogeographical structure or rather signatures of recent migrations, and (ii) whether the disjunct part of the species’ distribution in the Alps resulted from a recent colonization from the Carpathians or from a restricted expansion from separate Eastern Alpine refugia. Our study revealed a clear phylogeographical pattern in AFLPs supported by congruent groups of distinct cpDNA haplotypes. Highest genetic differentiation was observed between the Alps and the Carpathians, indicating a long‐term isolation between populations from these two mountain ranges. Further genetic division within the Carpathians suggests that current species’ distribution is composed of several groups which have been isolated from each other for a long period. One genetic break separates Western from Southeastern Carpathian material, which is in line with a classical biogeographical boundary. A further, strongly supported genetic group was identified at the southwestern edge of the Carpathian arch. In the Eastern Alps, genetic traces of glacial survival in separate refugial areas in the calcareous northern part and the siliceous central part were found.
Molecular Ecology, 2008
A survey of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation w... more A survey of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation was conducted to elucidate the phylogeography of Campanula alpina, a key species of silicicolous alpine grasslands in the Carpathians with a disjunct distribution in the Eastern European Alps. The Carpathians experienced a different glacial history from the Alps: local glaciers were present only in the highest massifs, while alpine habitats extended over larger areas related to their present distribution in this region. We asked: (i) whether in the Carpathians a high-mountain plant exhibits a complex phylogeographical structure or rather signatures of recent migrations, and (ii) whether the disjunct part of the species' distribution in the Alps resulted from a recent colonization from the Carpathians or from a restricted expansion from separate Eastern Alpine refugia. Our study revealed a clear phylogeographical pattern in AFLPs supported by congruent groups of distinct cpDNA haplotypes. Highest genetic differentiation was observed between the Alps and the Carpathians, indicating a long-term isolation between populations from these two mountain ranges. Further genetic division within the Carpathians suggests that current species' distribution is composed of several groups which have been isolated from each other for a long period. One genetic break separates Western from Southeastern Carpathian material, which is in line with a classical biogeographical boundary. A further, strongly supported genetic group was identified at the southwestern edge of the Carpathian arch. In the Eastern Alps, genetic traces of glacial survival in separate refugial areas in the calcareous northern part and the siliceous central part were found.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 2002
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2011
The paper presents results of biosystematic analysis of the critical group of Caltha palustris L.... more The paper presents results of biosystematic analysis of the critical group of Caltha palustris L. based on 71 populations from Poland. After a preliminary statistical analysis, fourteen morphological characters (nine quantitative and five qualitative), describing size and shape of basal leaves and mature follicles as well as stem morphology, were selected for the clearest differentiation of the complex. Several groups of morphotypes were distinguished within the complex, based on the statistical analysis of this group of characters. Against this background the taxonomy of the complex is proposed. Two species Caltha laeta Schott, Nyman and Kotschy and Caltha palustris L. and three subspecies within C. palustris (C. p. subsp. palustris, C. p. subsp. cornuta (Schott, Nyman and Kotschy) Hegi and C. p. subsp. radicans (T.F. Forst.) Syme, were distinguished in Poland. The status of the taxa within the Polish flora is defined. The paper includes also a key for determination of the complex taxa, as well as their detailed descriptions.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 2000
The karyology of representatives of morphologically differentiated taxa within the Caltha palustr... more The karyology of representatives of morphologically differentiated taxa within the Caltha palustris complex was studied. Examination of plants from ten populations of C. palustris subsp. palustris from Poland indicated the domination of somatic chromosome numbers 2n = 32 and 56, with 2n = 32 and 56 for var. palustris, 2n = 56 for var. radicans and 2n = 56 for var. cornuta. C. palustris subsp. laeta from the Tatra Mts. had chromosome number 2n = 62. Mixoploidy was characteristic of the material, with a range of euploid and aneuploid chromosome numbers from 2n = 25 to 2n = 94. Only three plants (from Mrzeżyno, Duninowo and Olkusz) uniformly had 2n = 32. Detailed biometric analyses seem to point to the lack of a simple relation between karyological and morphological variability in representatives of the C. palustris complex occurring in Poland.
Flora, Apr 1, 2019
Phylogeographic studies of grassland plants with broad Eurasian ranges point to the importance of... more Phylogeographic studies of grassland plants with broad Eurasian ranges point to the importance of northern refuges in shaping genetic patterns in populations across species distribution ranges in Central Europe. Carlina acanthifolia subsp. utzka is a common inhabitant of xerothermic sites in Central European dry grasslands. The aim of this study was to test hypotheses regarding some of the main phylogeographical patterns proposed for European grassland plants, in particular the locations of glacial refugia, the re-colonization routes, and genetic affinities between Southern, Eastern and Central European populations. We analyzed the genetic diversity of Carlina acanthifolia subsp. utzka based on distribution-wide sampling of 39 populations (Southern, Central and Eastern Europe) and compiled data obtained using different markers (AFLP, cpDNA, ETS region). The results for AFLP and the ETS region split the populations into two groups: from Central and Eastern Europe with the northern part of the Balkan Peninsula; and from its southern part. The segregation visible both in the distribution of particular haplotypes and in the variation level of the southern group of populations (AFLP) points to local processes that were taking place independently in the northern and the southern parts of the range. Populations from the southern part of the range have likely served as the core of the Central European part during their colonization, while re-colonization of glacial areas in Central Europe took place from local refugia in the central and western parts of Eastern Europe. The southern areas did not participate in this process. The observed variation of the frequency of haplotypes indicates that Eastern Europe populations dominant in the northern Balkan Peninsula got in contact with those from Central Europe. On the other hand, the presence of a separate line of haplotypes and ribotypes in populations from the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula indicates the absence of continuous connectivity of these areas with disjunct areas in Central Europe.
Programme Monday, September 14 8:00 Registration (location 1) 9:30 Opening ceremony (location 2) ... more Programme Monday, September 14 8:00 Registration (location 1) 9:30 Opening ceremony (location 2) 10:00 Surina B.-Magnificent plant life of the Liburnian karst in light of 300 years of botanical exploration 10:30 Coffee break (location 2) Oral presentations (location 1) 11:30 Strid A.-Atlas of the Aegean Flora 11:50 Rottensteiner W.K.-Further intentions in the 'Flora of Istria' project 12:10 Barina Z., Pifkó D., Rakaj M.-A critical checklist of the Albanian vascular flora 12:30 Tan K., Biel B.-The flora of Samothraki with special emphasis on its phytogeographical relationships 12:50 Jogan N.-Is 500 species in 0, 35 km2 a lot? Flora of Ljubljanski Grad hill (C Slovenia) 13:10 Škunca M., Mesić Z., Šteko V., Berta A., Peternel H.-Area evaluation from the aspect of biodiversity: method designed for overcoming data gaps 14:00 Lunch break (location 3) Oral presentations (loaction 1) 15:30 Dogan M., Doğan H. M., Celep F., Kahraman A.-Investigating spatial distribution of economically important Salvia species in Turkey by means of GIS 15:50 Jakovljević K., Tomović G., Vukojičić S., Stevanović V.-Steppe flora in Serbia-distribution, ecological characteristics and centers of diversity 16:10 Tomović G., Niketić M.-Floristic novelties and taxonomic remarks on the genus Viola L. (Violaceae) from Serbia 16:30 Humbatov Z.-Conifer species of Azerbaijan 16:50 Aleksic J.-The secrets of Serbian spruce 17:30 Poster session 1 (location 1) (cryptogams, conservation, ethnobotany, invasive alien plants...
CIESLAK, E. 2002. Distribution of the genus Caltha (Ranunculaceae) in Poland. Fragmenta Flo- rist... more CIESLAK, E. 2002. Distribution of the genus Caltha (Ranunculaceae) in Poland. Fragmenta Flo- ristica et Geobotanica Polonica 9: 89-114. Krakow. PL ISSN 1640-629X. ABSTRACT: This paper presents the distribution of taxa distinguished within Caltha palustris L. in Poland. A detailed list of localities based on herbarium records (both of author's, institutional and private herbarium) is also presented.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 2000
The karyology of representatives of morphologically differentiated taxa within the Caltha palustr... more The karyology of representatives of morphologically differentiated taxa within the Caltha palustris complex was studied. Examination of plants from ten populations of C. palustris subsp. palustris from Poland indicated the domination of somatic chromosome numbers 2n = 32 and 56, with 2n = 32 and 56 for var. palustris, 2n = 56 for var. radicans and 2n = 56 for var. cornuta. C. palustris subsp. laeta from the Tatra Mts. had chromosome number 2n = 62. Mixoploidy was characteristic of the material, with a range of euploid and aneuploid chromosome numbers from 2n = 25 to 2n = 94. Only three plants (from Mrzeżyno, Duninowo and Olkusz) uniformly had 2n = 32. Detailed biometric analyses seem to point to the lack of a simple relation between karyological and morphological variability in representatives of the C. palustris complex occurring in Poland.
Preslia -Praha-
"Stachurska-Swakoń A., Cieślak E. & Ronikier M. (2012): Phylogeography of subalpine tall... more "Stachurska-Swakoń A., Cieślak E. & Ronikier M. (2012): Phylogeography of subalpine tall-herb species in Central Europe: the case of Cicerbita alpina. – Preslia 84: 121–140. Cicerbita alpina was selected to elucidate the phylogeography of tall-herb species, an ecological group whose Quaternary history is rarely addressed. This species is a typical component of subalpine herbaceous communities in the mountains of Europe. Samples collected for this study comprised the entire range of species, with a focus on those in the Carpathians. The analysis based on AFLP fingerprinting revealed a lack of a strong phylogeographical structure implying that the different parts of the present-day range have not been isolated for a long period of time probably due to the biological characteristics of the species, such as its ability to disperse over great distances. However, the genetic structure indicates some phylogeographical trends, which may reflect traces of survival in local refugia and subsequent diversification into separate lineages during the last glacial period. Within the Carpathians, the division into the Western and South-Eastern Carpathian population groups is apparent. This division is maintained at a larger scale. In particular, the South-Eastern Carpathian group is similar to the Balkan populations, while the Western Carpathian populations are closely related to those in the Eastern Alps and Sudetes. The Scandinavian populations also have a genetic affinity with the latter group and originated from a source in the Eastern Alps or Western Carpathians, presumably via a stepping stone in a northern refugium. "
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2008
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement, 2009
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2011
Genetic diversity of Galium cracoviense, a narrow endemic species, limited to the small area in s... more Genetic diversity of Galium cracoviense, a narrow endemic species, limited to the small area in southern Poland and concentrated on Jurassic limestone outcrops near Czêstochowa, was examined using the AFLP marker. Twenty nine individuals from three spatially isolated populations were used for the study. AFLP analysis yielded 157 bands, of which 110 (70%) were polymorphic. The AMOVA analysis revealed a substantially higher variation within populations (89.35%) than among them (10.65%). Values of parameters describing population genetic diversity, such as Shannon index and gene diversity index estimated for each population, were highly similar. The results indicate a high level of genetic polymorphism as well as a high genetic similarity of the isolated populations of G. cracoviense and thus an unconstrained gene flow between them. Based on the results we conclude that additional demographic and genetic studies, are necessary to monitor potential decrease of populations size resulting mainly from the mechanical destruction of plants and their habitats caused by intense tourism. Due to the small general range of occurrence, conservation should include the highest possible number of populations of G. cracoviense.
Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica Polonica, 2006
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2011
Galium sect. Leptogalium Lange in NE Europe is represented by few, local endemic species which oc... more Galium sect. Leptogalium Lange in NE Europe is represented by few, local endemic species which occur in the area covered by the continental ice sheet in the Pleistocene period. They are: G. cracoviense Ehrend. in S Poland, G. oelandicum (Sterner & Hyl.) Ehrend. in SE Sweden and G. sudeticum Tausch in SW Poland and N Czech Republic. 55 individuals from five populations of these species were analysed using AFLP markers. A total of 193 AFLP bands were detected using three combinations of primers; out of them 159 proved polymorphic (82.4%). The lowest values of Shannon's index and Nei's gene diversity were noted for G. oelandicum and the highest ones for G. sudeticum. The results indicate a relatively high level of genetic variability in each of endemic species in spite of that the studied species occupy very small areas and are represented by a low number of populations. We conclude that additional, demographic and genetic studies are necessary to monitor potential decrease of populations' size resulting mainly from the mechanical destruction of plants and their habitats caused by intense tourism or other human activities (as agriculture, e.g. grazing).
Plant Biology, May 17, 2017
• Viola reichenbachiana (2n = 4x = 20) and V. riviniana (2n = 8x = 40) are closely related specie... more • Viola reichenbachiana (2n = 4x = 20) and V. riviniana (2n = 8x = 40) are closely related species widely distributed in Europe, often sharing the same habitat throughout their overlapping ranges. It has been suggested in numerous studies that their high intraspecific morphological variability and plasticity might have been further increased by interspecific hybridisation in contact zones, given the sympatry of the species and the incomplete sterility of their hybrid. The aims of this study were to: (i) confirm that V. reichenbachiana and V. riviniana have one 4x genome in common, and (ii) determine the impact of hybridisation and introgression on genetic variation of these two species in selected European populations. • For our study, we used 31 Viola populations from four European countries, which were analysed using AFLP and sequencing of a variable plastid intergenic spacer, trnH-psbA. • Our analysis revealed that V. reichenbachiana exhibited larger haplotype diversity, having three species-specific haplotypes versus one in V. riviniana. The relationships among haplotypes suggest transfer of common haplotypes into V. riviniana from both V. reichenbachiana and hypothetically the other, now extinct, parental species. AFLP analysis showed low overall genetic diversity of both species, with V. riviniana showing higher among-population diversity. None of the morphologically designated hybrid populations had additive AFLP polymorphisms that would have indicated recent hybridisation. Also, kinship coefficients between both species did not indicate gene flow. V. riviniana showed significant population subdivision and significant isolation by distance, in contrast to V. reichenbachiana. • The results indicate lack of gene flow between species, high influence of selfing on genetic variability, as well as probably only localised introgression toward V. riviniana.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2011
Cochlearia polonica Fröhl. (Brassicaceae) is one of the rarest species in the Polish and European... more Cochlearia polonica Fröhl. (Brassicaceae) is one of the rarest species in the Polish and European flora and a taxon endemic to a very small area in southern Poland. Due to industrial activities and subsequent transformation of habitats it was extinct in all natural localities around 1994. The persistence of the species was ensured thanks to the active protection efforts including a series of transplantations based on the material from the last and decreasing natural population. The history of conservation efforts of C. polonica provides a model example of successful active protection in the European flora. Here, we provide a complete review comprising the following aims: (i) outline of the discovery and taxonomic conceptions on C. polonica, (ii) review of conservation efforts aimed at preserving its populations, (iii) description of the existing population resources, and (iv) analysis of the genetic structure of all existing populations based on previously published data and new, supplementary results.
BMC Evolutionary Biology, Jan 11, 2019
Background: The Carpathians and the Alps are the largest mountain ranges of the European Alpine S... more Background: The Carpathians and the Alps are the largest mountain ranges of the European Alpine System and important centres of endemism. Among the distinctive endemic species of this area is Saxifraga wahlenbergii, a Western Carpathians member of the speciose genus Saxifraga. It was frequently considered a taxonomically isolated Tertiary palaeopolyploid and palaeoendemic, for which the closest relatives could not yet be traced. A recently described narrow endemic of the Eastern Alps, S. styriaca, was hypothesized to be closely related to S. wahlenbergii based on shared presence of peculiar glandular hairs. To elucidate the origin and phylogenetic relationships of both species we studied nuclear and plastid DNA markers based on multiple accessions and analysed the data in a wide taxonomic context. We applied Sanger sequencing, followed by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) for a refined analysis of nrITS variants to detect signatures of ancient hybridization. The ITS data were used to estimate divergence times of different lineages using a relaxed molecular clock. Results: We demonstrate divergent evolutionary histories for the two mountain endemics. For S. wahlenbergii we revealed a complicated hybrid origin. Its maternal parent belongs to a Western Eurasian lineage of high mountain taxa grouped in subsect. Androsaceae and is most likely the widespread S. androsacea. The putative second parent was most likely S. adscendens, which belongs to the distantly related subsect. Tridactylites. While Sanger sequencing of nrITS only showed S. adscendens-related variants in S. wahlenbergii, our NGS screening revealed presence of sequences from both lineages with clear predominance of the paternal over the maternal lineage. Conclusions: Saxifraga styriaca was unambiguously assigned to subsect. Androsaceae and is not the sister taxon of S. wahlenbergii. Accordingly, the similarity of the glandular hairs observed in both taxa rests on parallelism and both species do not constitute an example of a close evolutionary link between the floras of the Western Carpathians and Eastern Alps. With the origin of its paternal, S. adscendens-like ITS DNA estimated to ca. 4.7 Ma, S. wahlenbergii is not a relict of the mid-Tertiary climate optimum. Its hybrid origin is much younger and most likely took place in the Pleistocene.
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Dec 7, 2007
Cochlearia polonica, a narrow endemic of southern Poland, is one of the rarest and most endangere... more Cochlearia polonica, a narrow endemic of southern Poland, is one of the rarest and most endangered species of the European flora. All natural populations are extinct and the species has survived in only one transplanted population derived from 14 original individuals. Using AFLPs, the genetic variation and spatial structure of this population were analysed approximately 30 years after transplantation. The incidence of polymorphic AFLP bands (30.46%) is low compared with data from a natural population of another Cochlearia species, C. tatrae. Principal coordinates and spatial autocorrelation analyses demonstrated the presence of significant genetic structure. It is recommended that conservation efforts on C. polonica should preserve the complete population area, because local extinctions may lead to a loss of genetic information. The presence of genetic structure should also be taken into account during the sampling of material (plants or seeds) for ex situ conservation measures.