Michaël N. van der Meer (original) (raw)

Books by Michaël N. van der Meer

Edited by David J. Shepherd, Jan Joosten, Michaël van der Meer, SJSJ 193; Leiden: Brill, 2019.

This book offers a critical examination of recent theories concerning the growth of biblical lite... more This book offers a critical examination of recent theories concerning the growth of biblical literature in the light of the oldest textual witnesses (the Qumran biblical scrolls and the Septuagint). On the basis of a fresh examination of a selection of passages in the book of Joshua, it is shown that these witnesses do not reflect a stage in the literary formation of the book prior to the standardised (Masoretic) text, but a reinterpretation and reformulation of its contents. The study presents a new literary-critical solution to the intricate problems of Joshua 8 and a detailed exegesis of the Greek version of Joshua 1 and 5. Of special interest for Qumran scholars is the new reconstruction of 4QJoshua-a.

Books Edited by Michaël N. van der Meer

XVII Congress of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies: Aberdeen, 2019, 2022

This volume from the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies (IOSCS) includ... more This volume from the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies (IOSCS) includes the papers given at the XVII Congress of the IOSCS, which was held in Aberdeen in 2019. Essays in the collection fall into five areas of focus: textual history, historical context, syntax and semantics, exegesis and theology, and commentary. Scholars examine a range of Old Testament and New Testament texts. Contributors include Kenneth Atkinson, Bryan Beeckman, Elena Belenkaja, Beatrice Bonanno, Eberhard Bons, Cameron Boyd-Taylor, Ryan Comins, S. Peter Cowe, Claude Cox, Dries De Crom, Paul L. Danove, Crispin Fletcher-Louis, Frank Feder, W. Edward Glenny, Roger Good, Robert J. V. Hiebert, Gideon R. Kotzé, Robert Kugler, Nathan LaMontagne, Giulia Leonardi, Ekaterina Matusova, Jean Maurais, Michaël N. van der Meer, Martin Meiser, Douglas C. Mohrmann, Daniel Olariou, Vladimir Olivero, Luke Neubert, Daniel Prokop, Alison Salvesen, Daniela Scialabba, Leonardo Pessoa da Silva Pinto, Martin Tscheu, and Jelle Verburg.

XVI Congress of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies, 2019

This latest volume from the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies (IOSCS)... more This latest volume from the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies (IOSCS) includes the papers given at the XVI Congress of the IOSCS, South Africa, in 2016. The articles contribute to the study of the Septuagint and cognate literature by identifying and discussing new topics and lines of inquiry and developing fresh insights and arguments in existing areas of research. Scholars and students interested in different methods of studying the Septuagint corpora, the theology and reception of these texts, as well as the works of Josephus will find in this collection critical information for future work in Septuagint studies.

The study of the Septuagint offers essential insights in ancient Judaism and its efforts to formu... more The study of the Septuagint offers essential insights in ancient Judaism and its efforts to formulate Jewish identity within a non-Jewish surrounding culture. This book includes the papers given at the XV Congress of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies (IOSCS), held in Munich, Germany, in 2013. The first part of this book deals with questions of textual criticism. The second part is dedicated to philology. The third part underlines the increasing importance of Torah in Jewish self-definition.
Edited by Wolfgang Kraus, Michaël N. van der Meer, and Martin Meiser, Series: SBLSCS 64 (Atlanta: SBL, 2016)

The Old Greek of Isaiah represents an intriguing and complex unity within the Septuagint. The pre... more The Old Greek of Isaiah represents an intriguing and complex unity within the Septuagint. The present volume contains contributions reflecting a variety of issues pertaining to this version, and also offers perspectives for further research. The topics dealt with can be designated as follows: terminology and vocabulary, unity of the book, rhetorical figures, coherence on the level of a pericope, theology, and hermeneutics (fulfilment interpretation). The Greek version is of course compared with the supposed parent text in Hebrew, but several contributions also show a strong interest in the Greek text as it stands. As to the latter approach the following aspects play an important role: the immediate context (verse; pericope), style, the meaning and function of words and phrases, and related texts. In order to stimulate further research, the volume also offers a full bibliography on LXX Isaiah.

The present volume contains a collection of essays on the Book of Isaiah offered as a tribute to ... more The present volume contains a collection of essays on the Book of Isaiah offered as a tribute to Arie van der Kooij on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday, which coincides with his retirement as Professor of Old Testament at Leiden University. The twenty-four contributions, written by leading scholars in the field of Old Testament studies, focus on the Book of Isaiah within the context of Hebrew and ancient near-eastern writings, particularly those from the Neo-Assyrian period, as well as on the book's reception history , particularly in its Greek and Syriac translations. Together these studies offer a rich and original contribution to the study of the Book of Isaiah in its Hebrew, Aramaic, Assyrian, Greek, Syriac, and Dutch contexts.

Papers by Michaël N. van der Meer

Tijdschrift voor Theologie, 2014

Journal for the study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman period, May 2, 2023

Peeters Publishers eBooks, Dec 31, 2022

Oxford University Press eBooks, Feb 10, 2021

<p>The discussion of the third of the Jewish revisers, Symmachus, focuses on the questions ... more <p>The discussion of the third of the Jewish revisers, Symmachus, focuses on the questions of authorship, religious affiliation, and political purposes of his Greek translation/revision of the Hebrew Bible. Special attention is given to the idea that this Symmachus was identical to a pupil of Rabbi Meir. Furthermore the motives behind the new revision are explored: it may well be that this new Greek version of the Hebrew Bible not only sought to bring the Old Greek translations into closer agreement with the standardized Hebrew text (MT) and accommodate the unintelligible Greek version of Aquila to a more lucid and understandable Greek text. The translation may also have tried to convey a policy of quietism and cohabitation with the Roman Empire as opposed to the more militant and messianic overtones in the works of its predecessors.</p>

Bibliotheca Orientalis, Dec 1, 2004

XIV Congress of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies, Helsinki, 2010... more XIV Congress of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies, Helsinki, 2010 , XIV Congress of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies, Helsinki, 2010 , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران

Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2004

Edited by David J. Shepherd, Jan Joosten, Michaël van der Meer, SJSJ 193; Leiden: Brill, 2019.

XVII Congress of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies: Aberdeen, 2019, 2022

XVI Congress of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies, 2019

Tijdschrift voor Theologie, 2014

Journal for the study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman period, May 2, 2023

Peeters Publishers eBooks, Dec 31, 2022

Oxford University Press eBooks, Feb 10, 2021

Bibliotheca Orientalis, Dec 1, 2004

Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2004

BRILL eBooks, 2010

This bibliography section of this book titled Isaiah in Context contains reference books and arti... more This bibliography section of this book titled Isaiah in Context contains reference books and articles of Arie Van Der Kooij. The Book of Isaiah contains many beautiful passages. One of these passages is the oracle of salvation in the Sub-Canto Isa 26:612. It is interesting to note that in the Book of Isaiah the oracle of salvation for Israel is contrasted by an oracle of doom for Moab, whereas this contrast is absent from the anthem just mentioned.Keywords: Arie Van Der Kooij; Book of Isaiah

Published in Jan Willem van Henten, ed., The Books of the Maccabees: Literary, Historical, and Religious Perspectives (BETL 328; Leuven: Peeters, 2022), 297-316., 2022

Was the book of Joshua written as a Hasmonean manifesto, as argued some decades ago before the pu... more Was the book of Joshua written as a Hasmonean manifesto, as argued some decades ago before the publication of the 4QJoshua scrolls? The present paper seeks to refute that idea by pointing to a remarkably sparse use of the book in Hasmonean historiography such as the first and second books of Maccabees. It is argued that the book was well-known in its complete form, but deliberately downplayed by the Hasmoneans who sought to ascertain their claims to the land (1 Macc 15:33) over against Seleucid intruders. Hence the idea that Israelite history contained a book that likewise presented the Israelites as invaders was seen as considerably less useful than the glorious age of David and Solomon, who seem to be the real identification figures for Hasmonean rulers.

Textual History of the Hebrew Bible. Volume 1b, ed. by Emanuel Tov and Armin Lange (Leiden: Brill, 2016), chapter 3,3, pp. 269-2776, 2016

The present paper seeks to offer a succint, but comprehensive overview of the character of the Ol... more The present paper seeks to offer a succint, but comprehensive overview of the character of the Old Greek version of the book of Joshua and its text-critical and redaction-critical value according to scholars from the Renaissance up to the beginning of the third millennium.

Textual History of the Hebrew Bible, Volume 1B, edited by Emanuel Tov and Armin Lange (Leiden: Brill, 2016), chapter 3.1, pp. 251-256., 2016

This contribution presents a short overview of the general textual history of the book of Joshua ... more This contribution presents a short overview of the general textual history of the book of Joshua in the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods and pays particular attention to the MasoreticText, the Qumran scrolls (4QJosh-a, 4QJosh-b and 4QJosh-c) as well as the Old Greek translation of that biblical book as well as their assessment by modern scholars.

SBL Press eBooks, Sep 9, 2022

This paper explores the prolegomena to a commentary on the Old Greek version of the book of Joshu... more This paper explores the prolegomena to a commentary on the Old Greek version of the book of Joshua according to the guidelines of the Society of Biblical Literature Septuagint Commentary series. It investigates different theories of assessing descriptive translation studies, such as formulated by Walter Benjamin, Gideon Toury and Theo van der Louw. It applies these theories to several peculiar Old Greek renderings in Joshua 1:5-6 particularly in the light of contemporary sources (documentary papyri from the Hellenistic and Early Roman periods).

Gütersloher Verlagshaus eBooks, Dec 31, 2022

This short chapter in the Septuagint Handbook on the reception history of the Septuagint (edited ... more This short chapter in the Septuagint Handbook on the reception history of the Septuagint (edited by Martin Meiser and Florian Wilk) presents the references to the Septuagint of Joshua in the Greek, Roman, and Byzantine periods.

Journal for the Study of Judaism, 2022

Journal for the Study of Judaism 54 (2023), 288-291, 2023

This review presents a novel and previously unthinkable handbook, viz. that of the Theology of th... more This review presents a novel and previously unthinkable handbook, viz. that of the Theology of the Septuagint. Whereas some scholars would deny the possiblity of the topic altogether and others would like to merge the themes of theology and Septuagint, this multilingual and multi-facetted handbook steers a prudent course between such positions and shows to what extent it is possible, permissable and plausible to study theology in the Septuagint writings.

Biblische Notizen 189 (2021), 110-111, 2021

The book under review concerns the latest volume in the Historical Commentary on the Old Testamen... more The book under review concerns the latest volume in the Historical Commentary on the Old Testament series. This series grew out of the Dutch Reformed series Commentaar op het Oude Testament which produced milestone commentaries on Exodus (by Cees Houtman), 1 Kings (by the late Martin Mulder) and Nahum (also by Klaas Spronk), to mention just a few examples. The format of the series consists of a relatively short general introduction to the whole book and scholarly discussion, and full attention to the individual verses with their grammatical and text-critical issues as well as matters of semantics and reception history. Each section of the book is presented by a fresh translation of the Hebrew original, a bibliography, a section on 'Essentials and perspectives', usually a synchronic reading of the text, a first 'Scholarly Exposition (1): Introduction to the Exegesis', usually a survey of the diachronic readings of the passage and finally a second 'Scholarly Exposition', which contains an exegesis of the individual verses. The size and price of the volumes in this series allows for a medium-sized commentary halfway between the succinct commentaries of no more than 200 pages and the encyclopedic works such as the BKAT series. In his commentary on Judges, Spronk pays much attention to the division of the book in parashiyyot petuchot and setumot as well as the unit delimitation presented by the oldest Greek manuscripts of the book (Vaticanus, Sinaiticus, where available, and Alexandrinus) (section 2.2 of the introduction, pages 4-5, and the appendix on pages 542-546). Spronk has a keen eye for all sorts of structures in the book and stylistic elements. The strength of this commentary on Judges lies in this synchronic reading of the book and its attention to the details of the text. As far as the historical setting of the book is concerned Spronk follows the recent trend in Old Testament research to abandon the Nothian thesis of an exilic Deuteronomistic History ranging from Deuteronomy to 2 Kings in favor of a reading of the individual historical books as Hellenistic compositions. According to Spronk (and several other scholars), the book of Judges was composed in the Hellenistic age (page 25) as a prequel to the books of Samuel and Kings. Hence, we find long lists of parallels between the figures in the book of Judges on the one hand and in the books of Samuel-Kings on the other hand (introduction, section 3.3, pages 16-19), e.g. Gideon and Jeroboam, Deborah and Samuel and Samson and David. Spronk also offers a long list (introduction, section 3.4, pages 19-22) of parallels between the stories in the book of Judges and Greek literature, e.g. Samson and Hercules, the catalogue of tribes and the catalogue of the ships in Iliad book 2, the tribe of Dan and the Homeric designation of Troians as Danaans and the story of the theft of the maidens in Judges 21 and Livy's History of Rome 1.9. Once the character of the book is defined as a late construct (introduction, section 3.5, pages 22-25), the primary setting of the book is not to be sought in life and history, but rather in literature and theology. Spronk's commentary is therefore one of the very few that devoted special attention to the theology of this particular book (introduction, section 5, pages 30-37). By contrast, one does not find book-length discussions about the presumed pre-monarchical setting of the song of Deborah (in this commentary 'only' 18 pages: 161-179), maps, timelines or indices. The commentary is comprehensive without being exhaustive. The layout and careful editing of the book makes it very pleasant to read. The commentary is the fruit of twenty years of work and a fitting culmination of the author's work on Judges.

Tijdschrift voor Theologie 43 (2014), pp. 98-99, 2014

Deze korte recensie bespreekt het boek van Hans Debel over de Dode Zeerollen en hun relatie tot d... more Deze korte recensie bespreekt het boek van Hans Debel over de Dode Zeerollen en hun relatie tot de (Hebreeuwse) Bijbel.

Dead Sea Discoveries 27, 2020

This contribution reviews critically the collection of essays on empircial based historical liter... more This contribution reviews critically the collection of essays on empircial based historical literary criticism of biblical and related writings edited by Reinhard Müller and Juha Pakkala: Insights into Editing in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East. What Does Documented Evidence Tell Us about the Transmission of Authoritative Texts? CBET 84 (Leuven: Peeters, 2017), ISBN 978-90-429-3380-4, 381 pp.

Journal of Septuagint and Cognate Studies 53, 2020

This short contribution reviews the work of Marco Settembrini who in his book Isaia in Egitto ana... more This short contribution reviews the work of Marco Settembrini who in his book Isaia in Egitto analyzes the Old Greek version of Isaiah 58 in the light of the documentary papyri from Ptolemaic Egypt.

Gregorianum 101/3, 2020

This short book review discusses the novel approach to stylistics in the Septuagint by Marieke Dh... more This short book review discusses the novel approach to stylistics in the Septuagint by Marieke Dhont.

This paper contains a review of the work edited by Trevor V. Evans and Dirk D. Obbink, The Langua... more This paper contains a review of the work edited by Trevor V. Evans and Dirk D. Obbink, The Language of the Papyri (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010) published in Filologia Neotestamentaria 47 (2014): 158-162.

Narthex. Tijdschrift voor levensbeschouwing en educatie 20/3, 2020

Hoewel de coronacrisis voor veel scholen, leerlingen en onderwijzend personeel als een drastische... more Hoewel de coronacrisis voor veel scholen, leerlingen en onderwijzend personeel als een drastische belemmering is ervaren, heeft de lock-down en de daaruit volgende aanpassingen in het Nederlandse examenprogramma ook voor nieuwe, voorheen ondenkbare situaties gezorgd. In dit artikel beschrijft oud-leerling Samuel Biron de voor Nederland unieke situatie van een her-examen levensbeschouwelijke vorming dat hem uiteindelijk een cum laude diploma VWO opleverde. Dit artikel biedt uitleg en verantwoording van deze uitzonderlijke situatie.

Schrift. Tijdschrift voor de Bijbel, 2021

Tempeldromen en hun interpretaties in de wereld van de Bijbel Hoe functioneerden dromen en droomu... more Tempeldromen en hun interpretaties in de wereld van de Bijbel Hoe functioneerden dromen en droomuitleg in de wereld waarin het Oude en Nieuwe Testament zijn ontstaan? Dit artikel geeft aan de hand van vondsten van kleitabletten, inscripties en documenten op papyrus en perkament een beeld van de manier waarop mensen goddelijke dromen ontvingen en interpreteerden. Veel van deze teksten zijn gevonden in of in de buurt van tempels en laten zien hoe juist deze omgeving een rol speelde in verband met dromen in het oude Nabije Oosten en in de Grieks-Romeinse wereld.

Of hedendaagse jongeren ook religieuze ervaringen opdoen als zij op kloosterweekend gaan, blijft ... more Of hedendaagse jongeren ook religieuze ervaringen opdoen als zij op kloosterweekend gaan, blijft voor mij een vraag. Maar dat onze leerlingen in een weekend in het jongerenverblijf van een Dominicaans klooster de spirituele ervaring van verbondenheid opdoen, daarvan ben ik overtuigd. Om aan te geven hoe ik hiertoe gekomen ben, zal ik vertellen hoe wij van het Hermann Wesselink College te Amstelveen een levensbeschouwelijk vormend kloosterweekend voor onze leerlingen organiseren.
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The present paper describes experiences of high school students during a visit to the Dominican religious community which is organized every year on a voluntary basis.

Hoe ga je als school en als docent godsdienst/levensbeschouwing om met een mondiaal probleem waar... more Hoe ga je als school en als docent godsdienst/levensbeschouwing om met een mondiaal probleem waar je geen invloed op hebt, maar waar je je ook niet aan kan onttrekken, hoezeer je dat ook zou willen? Hoe geef je het probleem van de Syrische vluchtelingen een plaats binnen lessen over ethiek en wereld godsdiensten? Wat heeft dat met je eigen overtuigingen en je visie op het vak te maken? In Amstelveen wisten vluchtelingen met hun authentieke verhalen ook de meest hardnekkige rechtse weerstand tegen de komst van vreemdelingen te nuanceren.
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The present paper describes the challenges and opportunities of an exchange between Syrian refugees and pupils on a high school in the Amsterdam area.

Narthex 15 (2015) nr 4

Toen we als sectie zo'n vijftien jaar geleden het onderbouwprogramma godsdienst verlegden van de ... more Toen we als sectie zo'n vijftien jaar geleden het onderbouwprogramma godsdienst verlegden van de BTW-methode (Bijbel-Theologiseren-Wereld) naar wereldgodsdiensten, heb ik voor vwo-5 een onderdeel ontwikkeld waarbij godsbeelden in de Bijbel gekoppeld worden aan godsdienstpsychologie. Van die uitwerking doe ik graag in deze bijdrage verslag.
The present paper presents a series of lessons religious education on the AS level devoted to several concepts of God as reflected in the Bible. The series of lessons were developed for pupils of c. 17 years of age with high intellectual capacities but little knowledge of and affinity for the Jewish-Christian tradition. The series applies concepts taken from psychology of religion to the biblical metaphors of God as king, spirit and suffering martyr.

Narthex 15 (2015) nr 2

(English translation below) In dit artikel behandel ik de vraag of en zo ja, hoe de film 'Fitna' ... more (English translation below)
In dit artikel behandel ik de vraag of en zo ja, hoe de film 'Fitna' van Geert Wilders behandeld kan worden in de lessen godsdienst/levensbeschouwing in het voortgezet onderwijs. Ik beschrijf de aanleiding en uitwerking van mijn derdeklaslessen en besteed aandacht aan de omstreden Fitna-verzen uit de Koran. Het onderwerp is zwaar, heftig en verwarrend, maar biedt ook een verrijking en bovenal een nuance in een vaak weinig genuanceerd debat.
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Fitna in the classroom
The present paper was the 2015 prize-winning contribution to the Dutch journal for teacher religious education Narthex. The paper presents a series of lessons devoted to the theme of presumed "terrorist" passages in the Qur'an, as highlighted in the short movie Fitna made by the Dutch populist politician Geert Wilders. By means of a careful analysis of both this movie and the relevant verses in the Qur'an (and parallels in the Bible) pupils of ca. 14 years of age are invited to review critically the various statements, deconstruct current claims and interpretations and formulate a well-considered viewpoint. The theme is challenging and leads to several debates, but, at least in the practice here described, almost always to a deeper and nuanced understanding.

Series: Vetus Testamentum Supplements 138 (Leiden: Brill, 2010)

The award for best teacher of the academic year 2019-2020 of the Protestant Theological Universit... more The award for best teacher of the academic year 2019-2020 of the Protestant Theological University was awarded to the present author. The online registration of the event can be found on the youtube clip (for link see below) at 00:30:00 minutes.

A short item on national Dutch television on the use of the Bible in primary and secondary educat... more A short item on national Dutch television on the use of the Bible in primary and secondary education in the Netherlands, based on the publication of "The Bible at school."

Narthex, 2021

Sinds begin 2019 werkt een projectgroep van docenten en opleiders binnen Expertisecentrum LERVO a... more Sinds begin 2019 werkt een projectgroep van docenten en opleiders binnen Expertisecentrum LERVO aan een landelijk curriculum voor het vakgebied Levensbeschouwing en Religie (L&R). Een eerste concept van dit curriculum werd in december vorig jaar gepubliceerd in Narthex (Davidsen 2020). In zes focusgesprekken met docenten, opleiders en uitgevers hebben we vervolgens zeer constructief feedback mogen ontvangen uit het veld (zie overzicht in Davidsen en Elsenaar 2021). Onder de deelnemers bleek er breed draagvlak voor de combinatie van een hermeneutisch-communicatieve en een religiewetenschappelijke leerlijn, maar ze legden de vinger op een zere plek: de hermeneutisch-communicatieve en religiewetenschappelijke leerlijnen blijven in het conceptcurriculum naast elkaar staan en het landelijk curriculum kan alleen een succes worden als het lukt die twee leerlijnen in één samenhangende pedagogisch-didactische visie te verenigen. Het curriculumteam van LERVO is de uitdaging aangegaan om zo’n samenhangende visie op ons vakgebied te formuleren. In deze LERVO-update presenteren we de voorlopige vruchten van ons werk.

Narthex, 2020

Het expertisecentrum Levensbeschouwing en Religie in het Voortgezet Onderwijs (LERVO) verenigt pa... more Het expertisecentrum Levensbeschouwing en Religie in het Voortgezet Onderwijs (LERVO) verenigt partners uit het hele onderwijsveld onder het motto "Goede levensbeschouwelijke educatie voor iedere leerling in het voortgezet onderwijs". Om aan het motto handen en voeten te geven, werkt een projectteam van docenten en opleiders sinds december 2019 aan een basiscurriculum Levensbeschouwing en Religie. Met het basiscurriculum willen we de belangrijkste inhouden, vaardigheden en vakdidactische principes voor het vakgebied levensbeschouwing en religie identificeren en beschrijven. Zodoende willen we scholen en docenten helpen ontwikkelingen in de samenleving en inzichten uit de wetenschap te verwerken in hun vakleerplannen. Dit artikel presenteert het voorlopige concept-basiscurriculum dat in december 2020 is voorgelegd aan focusgroepen van docenten en opleiders voor feedback. We beschrijven ook hoe het basiscurriculum in de komende jaren nader zal worden uitgewerkt en hoe het op verschillende manieren een plek kan vinden op de scholen. Het basiscurriculum in de context van de plurale samenleving Het levensbeschouwelijk landschap in Nederland is in de laatste decennia ingrijpend veranderd: nieuwe levensbeschouwelijke posities winnen terrein (atheïsme en levensbeschouwelijke onverschilligheid), religieuze tradities zijn zichzelf aan het heruitvinden (denk aan de evangelische en charismatische impulsen binnen het christendom), en geheel nieuwe manieren van 'religieus zijn' duiken op (zoals holistische spiritualiteit en meervoudige religieuze binding (Bernts & Berghuijs 2016)). De nieuwe maatschappelijke situatie roept vragen op voor het levensbeschouwelijk onderwijs: welke kennis en vaardighe-den hebben leerlingen van nu nodig om het diverse levensbeschouwelijke land-schap te begrijpen en daarin hun eigen weg te vinden? Hoe kunnen scholen en docenten vruchtbaar omgaan met het feit dat hun leerlingenpopulatie steeds diverser wordt? En hoe kunnen we jonge mensen met verschillende levensbe-schouwelijke en culturele achtergronden stimuleren om in verdraagzaamheid en gelijkwaardigheid aan een gezamenlijke toekomst te bouwen?