Marjo Schlaman | Independent Researcher (original) (raw)

Papers by Marjo Schlaman

Kenneth Aitchison, Efthymia Alphas, Vera Ameels, Martin Bentz, Corina Borș, Elisa Cella, Kerri Cl... more Kenneth Aitchison, Efthymia Alphas, Vera Ameels, Martin Bentz, Corina Borș, Elisa Cella, Kerri Cleary, Claudia Costa, Paul Damian, Mariana Diniz, Cidalia Duarte, Jan Frolik, Carolina Grilo, Initiative for Heritage Conservancy, Nele Kangert, Raimund Karl, Anette Kjaerulf Andersen, Viire Kobrusepp, Tina Kompare, Eduard Krekovic, Miguel Lago da Silva, Andrew Lawler, Irena Lazar, Katheriin Liibert, Alexandra Lima, Gavin MacGregor, Niamh McCullagh, Michaela Macalova, Ain Maesalu, Magdalena Malinska, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Mārtiņs Mintaurs, Katharina Moller, Ulla Odgaard, Eva Parga-Dans, Doris Pavlov, Vesna Pintaric Kocuvan, Doug Rocks-Macqueen, Jette Rostock, Joao Pedro Tereso, Alessandro Pintucci, Elena S. Prokopiou, Jorge Raposo, Karin Scharringhausen, Tine Schenck, Marjo Schlaman, Jeanette Skaarup, Andris Snē, Danica Stassikova-Stukovska, Ingrid Ulst, Monique van den Dries, Heleen van Londen, Rocio Varela-Pousa, Catarina Viegas, Armands Vijups, Nathalie Vossen, Tobias Wachter & Ludwika ...

Ex Novo: Journal of Archaeology, 2019

Integrated approaches in landscape management are often seen as the way forward to provide soluti... more Integrated approaches in landscape management are often seen as the way forward to provide solutions for complex heritage problems that are related to policy, climate change, tourism, environmental planning and involving the public. This has led to a range of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary projects aiming to add value to disciplinary approaches and gain new insights. Although interdisciplinarity is a promising research approach, there are many obstacles that may affect the quality of the project outcomes, slow down the overall organisation or create substantive errors. This raises therefore the question: is integration always a good idea? In this paper, I will show the complexity of cultural-historical landscapes and examine interdisciplinary approaches for their value as framework for historical landscapes. The role of historical assessments methods in landscape design is discussed. Finally, the example of two historical gardens and the process of their restoration and con...

Ex Novo: Journal of Archaeology, 2019

In 2005, David Lowenthal commented on the dissimilar approaches to natural and cultural heritage ... more In 2005, David Lowenthal commented on the dissimilar approaches to natural and cultural heritage and how these differences impact the protection and management of these heritages. His analysis touches on the western European perceptions of nature and culture that go back to the Age of Enlightenment. In his article, the motivation for safeguarding heritage stands out, as nature conservationists emphasize the long-term economic or ecological benefits, while cultural heritage managers point towards cultural or aesthetic benefits (Lowenthal 2005: 87). Others have made similar statements, some eight years later, calling the divide between the domains a fundamental error (Renes 2013; Harrison 2013).

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material inf... more Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.

Ex Novo Journal of Archaeology, 2019

Many western countries deal with a longstanding division between natural and cultural heritage wh... more Many western countries deal with a longstanding division between natural and cultural heritage when it comes to landscape management, which is mainly attributable to the fact that both sectors have developed independently and now operate separately. Such divide is further aggravated by the diversity of national and international regulations and administrative procedures. Over the past years, research carried out in both fields made it clear that this divide is counterproductive for managing future climate and economic challenges and safeguarding natural and cultural values as well as the well-being of inhabitants.
This volume contributes to the ongoing discourse regarding the natural and cultural divide with a broad perspective that includes an academic, policy and societal point of view. It has aimed for both conceptual as practical approaches to the topic, as well as the motives for crossovers such as safeguarding and active contributions to broader societal issues. These motivations resonate with current paradigms in heritage management.

Ex Novo Journal of Archaeology, 2019

Integrated approaches in landscape management are often seen as the way forward to provide soluti... more Integrated approaches in landscape management are often seen as the way forward to provide solutions for complex heritage problems that are related to policy, climate change, tourism, environmental planning and involving the public. This has led to a range of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary projects aiming to add value to disciplinary approaches and gain new insights. Although interdisciplinarity is a promising research approach, there are many obstacles that may affect the quality of the project outcomes, slow down the overall organisation or create substantive errors. This raises therefore the question: is integration always a good idea?
In this paper, I will show the complexity of cultural-historical landscapes and examine interdisciplinary approaches for their value as framework for historical landscapes. The role of historical assessments methods in landscape design is discussed. Finally, the example of two historical gardens and the process of their restoration and conservation will demonstrate how interdisciplinary and disciplinary approaches are related to each other in the garden design process.

The Multivocal Sacred Landscapes in Greece. A biographical approach of sacred landscapes in the Argolid and South Ionia during the 9th - 4th centuries BCE, Aug 28, 2017

Today, landscape archaeology is mainly the collaborative result of archaeological, historical geo... more Today, landscape archaeology is mainly the collaborative result of archaeological, historical geography, and physical geography approaches. In Mediterranean landscape studies, the exploration of landscapes as a reflection of a multi-layered process and experience, within notions of representation and perception, are a matter of integrated research that only just started. Although intensive surface exploration revealed cultural landscape dynamics, this type of research hardly studies the reflexivity of religious monuments or the ‘sacredness’ of the landscape in the eye of the beholder.
One of the main approaches of landscape studies that notify the complex representational dynamics of landscape is the ‘biography of landscape’. The biographical approach applied in this study connects the establishment and maintenance of cult places by people in the past, to long-term environmental and social political developments. The study examines how landscape, cult place and people interrelate in constructing sacred landscapes by making use of five key concepts of a landscape’s characteristics. It compares two geographical different regions: the Argolid and South Ionia, both with cult places that were in use during ± 900 until ± 350 BCE. The comparative approach enables to clarify the differences that occur in the sacred landscapes concerning the physical landscape in relation to the location of the cult places, the continuity of cult places, and the reuse of earlier remains. The biography of the landscape is considered by means of archaeological, geological, and written sources.

by Heleen van Londen, Rocío Varela-Pousa, Tine Schenck, Eva Parga-Dans, Andrew Lawler, Kerri Cleary, Irena Lazar, Raimund Karl, Cláudia Costa, Karin Scharringhausen, Marjo Schlaman, Ain Mäesalu, Katheriin Liibert, Katharina Möller, Nathalie Vossen, and Alessandro Pintucci

Culture Programme European Commission, 2012

Between 2012 and 2014 representatives from 23 organisations in 21 European countries worked toget... more Between 2012 and 2014 representatives from 23 organisations in 21 European countries worked together in the Discovering the Archaeologists of Europe 2014 project to gain insight into the profile of the archaeological profession and labour market in those countries. The results can be compared with those of a predecessor Discovering the Archaeologists of Europe project, undertaken in 2006-08.

Books by Marjo Schlaman

by Heleen van Londen, Joao Tereso, Rocío Varela-Pousa, Danica Staššíková-Štukovská, Andris Sne, Marjo Schlaman, Karin Scharringhausen, Eva Parga-Dans, Ain Mäesalu, Michaela Mácalová, Gavin MacGregor, Andrew Lawler, Katheriin Liibert, Tina Kompare, Nele Kangert, Jan Frolík, Mariana Diniz, Cláudia Costa, Kerri Cleary, Efthymia Alphas, Vesna Pintarič Kocuvan, Irena Lazar, Kenneth Aitchison, Tine Schenck, Katharina Möller, and Raimund Karl

Employment. Across the 21 participating states, it is calculated that a total of over €1 billion is spent on professional archaeology every year, with the majority of that expenditure being on the salary costs of the estimated 24,740 people who work as archaeologists in these countries. This group of professionals represents 0.006% of the combined total workforces of those states. In many states, the absolute numbers employed in archaeology has fallen significantly over the previous six years. It is estimated that approximately 33,000 archaeologists now work across Europe as a whole.

Growth of the sector. Across Europe, organisations employing archaeologists have typically become smaller over the five years prior to this project, and employers are very cautious about predicting future growth.

Nature of the workforce. A slight majority (50.3% to 49.7%) of archaeologists are women. The proportion of women in the workforce has increased over the six years since 2006-08 from 45.9%. On average, European archaeologists are 40 years old. Very few European archaeologists are disabled – 1.1% of the total number of workers for whom data were available, a reduction from 1.5% in 2006-08.

Countries of Origin. 94% of archaeologists work in their own countries of origin, 5% are from other EU states and 1% from elsewhere in the world. Overall, this shows a slight decline in sectoral transnational mobility, as in 2006-08 more archaeologists were working away from their countries of origin.

Qualifications. In every participating state, it is normal for people working in archaeology to hold a degree – on aggregate, 94% of European archaeologists are graduates and the majority (69%) are postgraduates. 90% of archaeologists gained their highest qualifications in the countries in which they now work, with 9% obtaining those qualifications elsewhere in Europe (and 1% elsewhere in the world). When compared with the figures from 2006-08, this shows that archaeologists are increasingly educationally mobile.

Salaries. In twelve of the 21 participating states, archaeologists were paid less than the national average for all workers. An average figure of €24,901 was calculated as the mean salary earned by an archaeologist, but this is relatively meaningless as average salaries vary enormously between counties, with Danish archaeologists earning on average nine times the amount earned by their peers in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Nature of the work. 78% of the archaeologists for whom data were available worked full-time and 22% part-time. This is a marked change from 2006-08, when the percentages were 86% full-time and 14% part-time. 63% of archaeologists held permanent contracts at the time of the research, while the remaining 37% of workers had time-limited contracts.

Structures. As was identified in the predecessor project in 2006-08, archaeological practice in the participating states is organised on different models, with varying levels of commercial activity balanced against state agency engagement. This is often linked to the funding basis of archaeological practice (variation both on the basis of funding from the state or from private sector industries, and on whether delivery is achieved by the state or by the private sector). Different states define who can be considered to be an archaeologist in different ways. Vocational education and training (VET) in the sector is almost universally delivered by universities through academic degree programmes.

Skills and Training Needs. Issues relating to specific training needs were assessed in each participating country, but, as in 2006-08, because of the variety of ways in which these questions were asked by the project partners (in order to accommodate the differing structures and approaches to archaeological work in each participating state), the information obtained cannot be usefully compared transnationally.

Trends and developments. In comparison with the predecessor work undertaken in 2006-08, the main ways that the sector has changed are that the number of jobs has decreased and the proportion of women working in the sector has increased. Furthermore, jobs are more likely to be part-time and for shorter contractual periods; archaeologists are more highly qualified, but are less well-paid in comparison with other sectors.

Projects by Marjo Schlaman

The project aims to produce a range of new didactic materials covering the most pertaining aspect... more The project aims to produce a range of new didactic materials covering the most pertaining aspects of the green archaeological heritage and archaeological dimension of natural heritage. The project intends to establish Centers of Integrated Heritage Teaching Excellence, abled to effectively use different methods of distance learning in the domain of the integrated heritage dedicated to different job markets. The project’s ultimate objective involves improving skills for green jobs and eventually create green work places for people from archaeological and natural heritage sectors. Understanding the environmental impact of archaeological heritage and significance of natural heritage for regulations and practices in the domain of archaeological heritage is to be mainstreamed into education and vocational training systems.

Funded by European ERASMUS+ programme (2014-1-PL-KA202-003565). Participants: Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (Poland); Aranzadi Society of Sciences, San Sebastian (Spain); Landward Research Ltd, Sheffield (UK); InEuropa srl, Modena (Italy); A Rocha pt, Mexilhoeira Grande (Portugal); University of Amsterdam (Netherlands).

Conference presentations by Marjo Schlaman

In the last decade, the awareness of the interconnection between natural and cultural heritage ha... more In the last decade, the awareness of the interconnection between natural and cultural heritage have led to adoption of integrated landscape management approaches by professionals of both domains. New approaches can ease the implementation of more efficient planning strategies, entails a more effective and efficient use of available resources, and ensures the efficient integration of landscape into regional and town planning as well as into cultural, environmental, agricultural, social and economic policies. Multidisciplinary teams have a crucial role in applying joint approaches to the conservation, protection and management of archaeological and natural heritage. Nevertheless, integrated approaches are no solution to each and any problem in the field of landscape heritage management. Different disciplinary approaches still can be suitable for specific spatial environmental problems.

Het project ANHER richt zich op het vergroten van kennis en vaardigheden van professionals die we... more Het project ANHER richt zich op het vergroten van kennis en vaardigheden van professionals die werkzaam zijn in het archeologisch en natuurlijk erfgoed binnen Europa. In het licht van sociale, economische en klimatologische veranderingen, is het ontwikkelen en verbeteren van kennis en vaardigheden in het landschappelijk beheer en de bescherming van het archeologisch en natuurlijk erfgoed een noodzaak geworden. Door een interdisciplinaire benadering van het landschappelijk erfgoed wordt nieuwe kennis, nieuwe methodes en nieuw beleid ontwikkeld waarmee gangbare werkwijzen worden verbeterd en versterkt. Uitgangspunt daarbij is dat door een beter begrip van archeologisch erfgoed en het belang van natuurlijk erfgoed voor de landschappelijke omgeving, een duurzaam beheer van het landschap kan worden gerealiseerd.

Binnen het project wordt een scala aan geïntegreerd didactisch e-learning materiaal ontworpen dat belangrijke facetten van beide sectoren behandelt. Het project draagt tegelijkertijd bij aan de ontwikkeling van verbeterde methodes en inhoud van het hoger onderwijs en de beroepsopleidingen op gebied van erfgoed. De digitale methode zorgt ervoor dat in het onderwijs aangesloten kan worden bij continue sectorale veranderingen aangaande bescherming en beheer van het archeologisch en natuurlijk erfgoed. Dit betreft ook de rol van het geïntegreerde erfgoed binnen de ruimtelijke ordening en het lokale en regionale erfgoedbeleid in Nederland en Europa.

Het project zal, met het oog op het verduurzamen van kennis, methodes en beleid, resulteren in European Centres of Integrated Heritage Teaching Excellence. Deze centra bieden een organisatiestructuur voor bij- en nascholing en een technische infrastructuur voor blended learning ten behoeve van de verschillende arbeidsmarkten.

reports by Marjo Schlaman

Presented here is the labour market survey of the Dutch archaeological sector for 2012 and 2013. ... more Presented here is the labour market survey of the Dutch archaeological sector for 2012 and 2013. The report presents the results of the second survey in a five year sequence of comparative research of the archaeological labour market and training in Europe. The survey is part of the European project Discovering the Archaeologists of Europe 2014, coordinated by York Archaeological Trust (YAT) and financed by the Leonardo da Vinci programme for Life Long Learning. Over twenty member states are represented in the overall study.
The study focuses on the paid workforce in the archaeology sector. The objectives for this study are formulated within the European project:
-Calculating workforce size in archaeology;
-profiling the profession in regards to diversity;
-insight in the situation and trends in the archaeological labour market, including investment in training, recruitment and career possibilities;
-insight in training demands and ‐ shortages;
-insight in the range of employers in archaeology;
-information for employers to further their businesses;
-information for individuals to further their careers;
-information for organizers of vocational training regarding training demands.
Results from this survey will be used in the Heritage Monitor maintained by the Cultural Heritage Agency of The Netherlands. Previous work to profile the archaeological sector show differences as well as similarities to the present research. Therefore, the Cultural Heritage Agency of The Netherlands will in future periodically organize surveys in close cooperation with the sector, using the present research as a basis.

Posters by Marjo Schlaman

Discovering The Archaeologists of Europe 2014 (DISCO14) is onderdeel van het Leonardo da Vinci ‘L... more Discovering The Archaeologists of Europe 2014 (DISCO14) is onderdeel van het Leonardo da Vinci ‘Lifelong Learning Programme’ van de Europese Commissie. Dit programma heeft als doel de samenwerking tussen het beroepsonderwijs en de vakwereld in Europa te verbeteren.
In 2008 is voor het eerst in het kader van DISCO een vergelijkend onderzoek uitgevoerd naar werkgelegenheid en opleidingen binnen de archeologische beroepsgroep in 12 Europese landen. DISCO14 is het vervolg op dit project waarin opnieuw wordt gekeken naar de Europese archeologische beroepsgroep, nu in 20 landen. De Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (RCE), de Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA) en de Nederlandse Vereniging van Archeologen (NVvA) werken samen in het project DISCO14.
De hele archeologische sector (overheid, archeologische bedrijven, zzp’ers, musea etc.) is benaderd om een online vragenlijst in te vullen. Hiermee zijn gegevens verzameld over de archeologische sector, hoe deze is georganiseerd, hoe sluiten de archeologische opleidingen aan bij de arbeidsmarkt en in hoeverre wordt voorzien in na- of bijscholing. Daarnaast ligt bij DISCO14 sterk de nadruk op de gevolgen van de financiële crisis voor de archeologie, vooral daar waar het gaat om werkgelegenheid en investeringen in opleidingen.
Op deze poster presenteren wij de eerste resultaten.

Ex Novo: Journal of Archaeology, 2019

Ex Novo Journal of Archaeology, 2019

Integrated approaches in landscape management are often seen as the way forward to provide soluti... more Integrated approaches in landscape management are often seen as the way forward to provide solutions for complex heritage problems that are related to policy, climate change, tourism, environmental planning and involving the public. This has led to a range of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary projects aiming to add value to disciplinary approaches and gain new insights. Although interdisciplinarity is a promising research approach, there are many obstacles that may affect the quality of the project outcomes, slow down the overall organisation or create substantive errors. This raises therefore the question: is integration always a good idea?
In this paper, I will show the complexity of cultural-historical landscapes and examine interdisciplinary approaches for their value as framework for historical landscapes. The role of historical assessments methods in landscape design is discussed. Finally, the example of two historical gardens and the process of their restoration and conservation will demonstrate how interdisciplinary and disciplinary approaches are related to each other in the garden design process.

The Multivocal Sacred Landscapes in Greece. A biographical approach of sacred landscapes in the Argolid and South Ionia during the 9th - 4th centuries BCE, Aug 28, 2017

Culture Programme European Commission, 2012

Ex Novo Journal of Archaeology, Volume 4, 2019

Vol.4 2019 The fourth volume of Ex Novo has the pleasure to host Heleen van Londen, Marjo Schlama... more Vol.4 2019 The fourth volume of Ex Novo has the pleasure to host Heleen van Londen, Marjo Schlaman, and Andrea Travaglia as guest editors of the special issue titled The Natural and The Cultural. Integrating Approaches in Landscape Heritage Management. This timely collection of peer-reviewed papers and short essays seek to bridge the longstanding gap between natural and cultural heritage when it comes to landscape management. To this end, the editors foster a combined approach to both domains by promoting stronger internal cooperation and the systematic engagement of new forms of integrated heritage with the external world.

The volume contributes to the debate on the new role of heritage in an ever changing framework for land use, infrastructural investment and sustainable development at national and international levels. All contributions are based on the papers presented in two sessions at the EAA annual meeting in Maastricht 2017.