Marcin Szyma | Jagiellonian University (original) (raw)

Papers by Marcin Szyma

Journal of the British Archaeological Association, Jul 27, 2023

The paper demonstrates how modern metric survey techniques and digital technologies can contribut... more The paper demonstrates how modern metric survey techniques and digital technologies can contribute to traditional methods of art-historical investigation. The original choir screen in the Dominican church in Cracow, spanning the width of the chancel arch, was built in the mid-13th century. An analysis of the laser scanning data of the existing church enabled a construction of a 3D model of the subsequent and larger choir screen, built in the second half of the 14th century, which extended across the nave and both aisles and encased the initial screen. A keystone decorated with a carved boss of unique iconography, interpreted as a symbol of St John the Evangelist, survives from the carved decoration of this screen. The 3D model of the choir screen helps to visualize the original location of particular altars, some tombs and surviving artworks within the screen porch. Its north bay housed the tomb of Hyacinth Odrowa˛ż, the first Polish Dominican friar and future saint. In 1543 the north part of the screen's loft was cut off with a grille and transformed into a chapel of St Hyacinth, accessible to lay people by stairs running from the north aisle. The most important part of the chapel was a shallow niche which accommodated a new tomb and an altar with Hyacinth's relics. Construction from 1581 to 1583 of a new and more spacious chapel, located slightly higher than the old one, involved demolition of the choir screen.

Journal of the British Archaeological Association

The paper demonstrates how modern metric survey techniques and digital technologies can contribut... more The paper demonstrates how modern metric survey techniques and digital technologies can contribute to traditional methods of art-historical investigation. The original choir screen in the Dominican church in Cracow, spanning the width of the chancel arch, was built in the mid-13th century. An analysis of the laser scanning data of the existing church enabled a construction of a 3D model of the subsequent and larger choir screen, built in the second half of the 14th century, which extended across the nave and both aisles and encased the initial screen. A keystone decorated with a carved boss of unique iconography, interpreted as a symbol of St John the Evangelist, survives from the carved decoration of this screen. The 3D model of the choir screen helps to visualize the original location of particular altars, some tombs and surviving artworks within the screen porch. Its north bay housed the tomb of Hyacinth Odrowa˛ż, the first Polish Dominican friar and future saint. In 1543 the north part of the screen's loft was cut off with a grille and transformed into a chapel of St Hyacinth, accessible to lay people by stairs running from the north aisle. The most important part of the chapel was a shallow niche which accommodated a new tomb and an altar with Hyacinth's relics. Construction from 1581 to 1583 of a new and more spacious chapel, located slightly higher than the old one, involved demolition of the choir screen.

Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 2023

The paper demonstrates how modern metric survey techniques and digital technologies can contribut... more The paper demonstrates how modern metric survey techniques and digital technologies can contribute to traditional methods of art-historical investigation. The original choir screen in the Dominican church in Cracow, spanning the width of the chancel arch, was built in the mid-13th century. An analysis of the laser scanning data of the existing church enabled a construction of a 3D model of the subsequent and larger choir screen, built in the second half of the 14th century, which extended across the nave and both aisles and encased the initial screen. A keystone decorated with a carved boss of unique iconography, interpreted as a symbol of St John the Evangelist, survives from the carved decoration of this screen. The 3D model of the choir screen helps to visualize the original location of particular altars, some tombs and surviving artworks within the screen porch. Its north bay housed the tomb of Hyacinth Odrowa˛ż, the first Polish Dominican friar and future saint. In 1543 the north part of the screen's loft was cut off with a grille and transformed into a chapel of St Hyacinth, accessible to lay people by stairs running from the north aisle. The most important part of the chapel was a shallow niche which accommodated a new tomb and an altar with Hyacinth's relics. Construction from 1581 to 1583 of a new and more spacious chapel, located slightly higher than the old one, involved demolition of the choir screen.

Architettura medievale: il Trecento. Modelli, tecniche, materiali, a cura di Silvia Beltramo e Carlo Tosco, Sesto Fiorentino, 2022

I contributi sono stati oggetto di duplice peer review grazie alla cortese disponibilità di revis... more I contributi sono stati oggetto di duplice peer review grazie alla cortese disponibilità di revisori italiani e stranieri. Tutte le immagini pubblicate sono state soggette a comunicazione del proposito di pubblicare, come da circolare n. del settembre della Direzione Generale Archivi del Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali e del Turismo. Le fotogra e all'interno dei singoli contributi sono degli Autori, ove non di erentemente indicato, o autorizzate alla pubblicazione. 1 Historical data related to the friary was given after Kolak 1982.

Sztuka w kręgu krakowskich franciszkanów i klarysek, red. M. Szyma, M. Walczak, Kraków 2020, s. 5-15 (Studia z Historii Sztuki Dawnej Instytutu Historii Sztuki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego i Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowi, t. 8, red. M. Walczak), 2020

 Klasztor Franciszkanów w Krakowie, kapitel z dekoracją roślinną (fot. S. Michta)  Kościół Fran... more  Klasztor Franciszkanów w Krakowie, kapitel z dekoracją roślinną (fot. S. Michta)  Kościół Franciszkanów w Krakowie, fotografia Andreasa Grolla (fot. Wien Museum)    . , .          Kościół i klasztor Franciszkanów w Krakowie, przerys planu z r.  (wg Rosenbaiger , il. na s. )  Bogumił Gąsiorowski, wnętrze kruchty kościoła Franciszkanów w Krakowie po pożarze, Biblioteka Jagiellońska, Zbiory Graficzne, nr inw.  , t.   (fot. Sekcja Reprografii )

„Rocznik Krakowski” 88, 2022, s. 275-308, 2022

An article on the construction phases of the Dominican Church of the Holy Trinity in Cracow until... more An article on the construction phases of the Dominican Church of the Holy Trinity in Cracow until the end of the 15th century. The essay presents a new interpretation of the history of church construction in the Middle Ages, based on the results of the latest archaeological research (2017-2018), laser scanning and photogrammetry of the existing architecture. Text in Polish with a summary in English.

„Rocznik Krakowski”, LXXXVIII, 2022, s. 159-197 , 2022

Około 1257 roku Jacek Odrowąż został pochowany na wschodnim krańcu nawy północnej kościoła Domini... more Około 1257 roku Jacek Odrowąż został pochowany na wschodnim krańcu nawy północnej kościoła Dominikanów w Krakowie. W XIV wieku jego grób znalazł się w obrębie nowo wzniesionego lektorium. W 1543 roku relikwie świętego przeniesiono do osobnej kaplicy, urządzonej na piętrze lektorium. Nagrobek Jacka, przechowywany obecnie w farze w Bochni, jest reliktem tego oratorium. W latach 1581–1583, po zburzeniu lektorium, powstała druga, obszerniejsza kaplica z kolejnym nagrobkiem Jacka – z alabastru, znanym ze wzmianek i opisów. W latach 1615–1618 drugą kaplicę zastąpiła trzecia, obecna. Alabastrowy nagrobek rozebrano w 1629 roku, a jego elementy posłużyły do budowy stalli w kościele św. Idziego w Krakowie.

"Epigraphica & Sepulcralia", vol. 12, ed. Jiří Roháček, Praha (Akademie věd České republiky) 2022, s. 57-74 , 2022

Super Fundamenta: Księga Jubileuszowa Dedykowana Profesorowi Szczęsnemu Skibińskiemu, ed. Tomasz Ratajczak, Jarosław Jarzewicz, Adam Soćko, Tadeusz Żuchowski (Historia Sztuki, Nr 49), Poznań (Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM) 2022, s. 277–289, 2022

Epigraphica &Sepulcralia, ed. David Vrána, Jana Marešová, Jan Chlíbec, Kristina Uhlíková, vol. 13, Praha (Akademie věd České republiky) 2022, s. 109–126 , 2022

pomodlit. 38 Ale ať už byla socha umístěna uvnitř areálu kláštera, nebo na místě kdykoli přístupn... more pomodlit. 38 Ale ať už byla socha umístěna uvnitř areálu kláštera, nebo na místě kdykoli přístupném každému z věřících, tedy, jak již bylo řečeno, někde při cestě ke klášteru či v jeho předbraní, zastupoval vytesaný nápis "omylostywa" na jejím soklu celý text mariánské modlitby a představoval tedy pro kolemjdoucí vyzvání-pokyn k adoraci Matky Boží formou odříkání či zpěvu některé z mariánských antifon. 38 O množství adorovaných mariánských soch vedle jiných světic a světců, často spojených s odpustky, se dozvídáme nepřímo z textů reformních kazatelů. Blíže k tomu NECHUTOVÁ, Jana, Prameny předhusitské a husitské ikonofobie.

International Journal of Conservation Science, 2022

The church of the Premonstratensian Convent in Kraków is an early brick structure with stone deta... more The church of the Premonstratensian Convent in Kraków is an early brick structure with stone detail, dating to the mid-13th century. One of the most precious elements preserved of the original church is the monumental late-Romanesque portal made of sandstone. In the wake of the accrual of cultural layers outside the church in the following centuries, what used to be the main portal leading into the church found itself sunk in the ground up to half of its height. Additionally, the portal was covered by a baroque tower in the 17th century. That had a highly negative impact on the condition of the portal which currently urgently required undertaking interdisciplinary research and conservation works. The archaeological digs made it possible to uncover the complete portal, while the research aimed at defining the reasons and degree of damage to the stone. The research consisted in petrographic examinations, examination of the structure of decay caused by dampness and salt, and electric conductivity tests of the sandstone. The conclusions from the research provided the foundation for designing and implementing a conservation works strategy to save, preserve, and show this exceptional work to the public.

International Journal of Conservation Science , 2022

The church of the Premonstratensian Convent in Kraków is an early brick structure with stone deta... more The church of the Premonstratensian Convent in Kraków is an early brick structure with stone detail, dating to the mid-13th century. One of the most precious elements preserved of the original church is the monumental late-Romanesque portal made of sandstone. In the wake of the accrual of cultural layers outside the church in the following centuries, what used to be the main portal leading into the church found itself sunk in the ground up to half of its height. Additionally, the portal was covered by a baroque tower in the 17th century. That had a highly negative impact on the condition of the portal which currently urgently required undertaking interdisciplinary research and conservation works. The archaeological digs made it possible to uncover the complete portal, while the research aimed at defining the reasons and degree of damage to the stone. The research consisted in petrographic examinations, examination of the structure of decay caused by dampness and salt, and electric conductivity tests of the sandstone. The conclusions from the research provided the foundation for designing and implementing a conservation works strategy to save, preserve, and show this exceptional work to the public.

Chór, vysoký oltář a knížecí hroby ve františkánském kostele v Krakově ve 13. století. Minorité p... more Chór, vysoký oltář a knížecí hroby ve františkánském kostele v Krakově ve 13. století. Minorité přišli do Krakova z Prahy v roce 1237. Zakladatelem jejich kláštera byl krakovský palatin Teodor z rodu Gryfitů. Mezi pozdějšími dobrodinci kláštera byli mimo jiné Blahoslavená Salomea (vdova po Kolomanovi, králi Haliče), její bratr, krakovský kníže Boleslav Stydlivý, a jeho manželka, svatá Kinga (dcera maďarského krále Bely IV.). Salomea byla pohřbena v chóru minoritského kostela v Krakově v roce 1269. Jak bylo zaznamenáno ve 14. století, Boleslav, který zemřel v roce 1279, byl také pohřben v chóru před velkým oltářem. Původní kostel sv. Františka byl zbudován na půdorysu řeckého kříže, se sakristií mezi východním a jižním ramenem. Práce začaly nejdříve na konci 40. let 13. století, či spíše v příštím desetiletí. Kolem roku 1269 byl kostel již používán. Chybějící archeologický výzkum neumožňuje říci, zda byla křížová stavba úplným celkem, nebo zda bylo od počátku plánováno její prodloužení na západ v té či oné podobě. Analýza zmínek o knížecích hrobkách umožňuje představit dvě varianty topografie kostela ve 13. století. V první stál při východní stěně východního rozpětí křížové konstrukce oltář a před ním byly hroby Salomei a Boleslava a lavice pro bratry. Ve druhé variantě, která se jeví jako pravděpodobnější, byl řádový chór s hrobkou Salomei také umístěn ve východním rameni kříže, ale situovaný za velkým oltářem. V takovém případě by byl kníže Boleslav pohřben ve středním rozpětí křížové stavby, jehož rozšiřování pravděpodobně právě začalo. Rozšíření kostela ve čtvrté čtvrtině 13. století o dvoulodní loď mělo za následek posunutí lavic do západního ramene kříže. Křížové uspořádání původního kostela má svůj zdroj v bazilice sv. František z Assisi. Důvodem nebylo jen společné patrocinium pro oba kostely, ale svůj význam mohl mít i fakt, že svatořečení sv. Stanislava, krakovského biskupa a mučedníka, vyhlásili roku 1253 v assiské bazilice. Polští františkáni se zapojili do procesu kanonizace a později do propagace kultu

An attempt to reconstruct the rood screen from the mid-13 th century and of the chancel screen fr... more An attempt to reconstruct the rood screen from the mid-13 th century and of the chancel screen from the late 14 th century in Cracows Dominican Church is presented; the reconstruction is based on excavations, architectural research, written records, and laser scanning measurements of the Church. The first screen was a partition wall opened up with two passages. The second, of the type of a Hallenlettner type was five-span with the lateral spans functioning as separate chapels and the middle span communicating the nave with the gallery. In 1543, the chancel screen was altered owing to the construction of the Chapel of St Hyacinth on the first storey. In 1581-1583, the chancel screen was pulled down as the Chapel was extended.

"Rocznik Krakowski", 2021

Artykuł jest pierwszą-od czasu pionierskiego studium Stanisława Tomkowicza-próbą spojrzenia na ka... more Artykuł jest pierwszą-od czasu pionierskiego studium Stanisława Tomkowicza-próbą spojrzenia na kaplice kościoła Dominikanów w Krakowie jako na narastający przez wieki, zróżnicowany formalnie i funkcjonalnie zespół architektoniczny. Po zaprezentowaniu podstawowych faktów dotyczących budowy i przekształcania poszczególnych kaplic oraz sposobów ich użytkowania autorzy zwracają uwagę na przypadki ich ujednolicania czy scalania i starają się wskazać, w jakich celach i z czyjej inicjatywy podejmowano te działania. Stawiają pytania o społeczną pozycję świeckich patronów kaplic i o to, w jakim stopniu zostały one "sprywatyzowane", a w jakim pozostawały pod kontrolą dominikanów. Słowa kluczowe: kaplica, dominikanie, patronat artystyczny, topografia sakralna, bractwa religijne J edną z cech wyróżniających dominikański kościół Świętej Trójcy w Krakowie jest duża liczba kaplic o zróżnicowanej formie artystycznej (il. 1-3). Przy bocznych elewacjach korpusu nawowego i prezbiterium obecnie można ich naliczyć dwanaście, jed

In Principio. Mit początku w kulturze średniowiecznej Europy, ed. J. Kowalski, W. Miedziak, 2020

The author analyzes various sources that allow to reconstruct the initial phases of the construct... more The author analyzes various sources that allow to reconstruct the initial phases of the construction of the Franciscan church and friary in Cracow. The early architecture of the friary complex was presented against the broad background of the development of the Bohemian-Polish province of the Order, the secular patronage over the convent, the political situation and the urban development of Cracow.

Artistic Patronage in Central Europe: From Private Foundations to State Art. Proceedings of the 27th Conference of the Working Group of German and Polish Art Historians and Conservators in Warsaw, 19-21 Seprember 2019, ed. Jakub Adamski, Warszawa 2021, p. 57-86

Journal of the British Archaeological Association, Jul 27, 2023

The paper demonstrates how modern metric survey techniques and digital technologies can contribut... more The paper demonstrates how modern metric survey techniques and digital technologies can contribute to traditional methods of art-historical investigation. The original choir screen in the Dominican church in Cracow, spanning the width of the chancel arch, was built in the mid-13th century. An analysis of the laser scanning data of the existing church enabled a construction of a 3D model of the subsequent and larger choir screen, built in the second half of the 14th century, which extended across the nave and both aisles and encased the initial screen. A keystone decorated with a carved boss of unique iconography, interpreted as a symbol of St John the Evangelist, survives from the carved decoration of this screen. The 3D model of the choir screen helps to visualize the original location of particular altars, some tombs and surviving artworks within the screen porch. Its north bay housed the tomb of Hyacinth Odrowa˛ż, the first Polish Dominican friar and future saint. In 1543 the north part of the screen's loft was cut off with a grille and transformed into a chapel of St Hyacinth, accessible to lay people by stairs running from the north aisle. The most important part of the chapel was a shallow niche which accommodated a new tomb and an altar with Hyacinth's relics. Construction from 1581 to 1583 of a new and more spacious chapel, located slightly higher than the old one, involved demolition of the choir screen.

Journal of the British Archaeological Association

The paper demonstrates how modern metric survey techniques and digital technologies can contribut... more The paper demonstrates how modern metric survey techniques and digital technologies can contribute to traditional methods of art-historical investigation. The original choir screen in the Dominican church in Cracow, spanning the width of the chancel arch, was built in the mid-13th century. An analysis of the laser scanning data of the existing church enabled a construction of a 3D model of the subsequent and larger choir screen, built in the second half of the 14th century, which extended across the nave and both aisles and encased the initial screen. A keystone decorated with a carved boss of unique iconography, interpreted as a symbol of St John the Evangelist, survives from the carved decoration of this screen. The 3D model of the choir screen helps to visualize the original location of particular altars, some tombs and surviving artworks within the screen porch. Its north bay housed the tomb of Hyacinth Odrowa˛ż, the first Polish Dominican friar and future saint. In 1543 the north part of the screen's loft was cut off with a grille and transformed into a chapel of St Hyacinth, accessible to lay people by stairs running from the north aisle. The most important part of the chapel was a shallow niche which accommodated a new tomb and an altar with Hyacinth's relics. Construction from 1581 to 1583 of a new and more spacious chapel, located slightly higher than the old one, involved demolition of the choir screen.

Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 2023

The paper demonstrates how modern metric survey techniques and digital technologies can contribut... more The paper demonstrates how modern metric survey techniques and digital technologies can contribute to traditional methods of art-historical investigation. The original choir screen in the Dominican church in Cracow, spanning the width of the chancel arch, was built in the mid-13th century. An analysis of the laser scanning data of the existing church enabled a construction of a 3D model of the subsequent and larger choir screen, built in the second half of the 14th century, which extended across the nave and both aisles and encased the initial screen. A keystone decorated with a carved boss of unique iconography, interpreted as a symbol of St John the Evangelist, survives from the carved decoration of this screen. The 3D model of the choir screen helps to visualize the original location of particular altars, some tombs and surviving artworks within the screen porch. Its north bay housed the tomb of Hyacinth Odrowa˛ż, the first Polish Dominican friar and future saint. In 1543 the north part of the screen's loft was cut off with a grille and transformed into a chapel of St Hyacinth, accessible to lay people by stairs running from the north aisle. The most important part of the chapel was a shallow niche which accommodated a new tomb and an altar with Hyacinth's relics. Construction from 1581 to 1583 of a new and more spacious chapel, located slightly higher than the old one, involved demolition of the choir screen.

Architettura medievale: il Trecento. Modelli, tecniche, materiali, a cura di Silvia Beltramo e Carlo Tosco, Sesto Fiorentino, 2022

I contributi sono stati oggetto di duplice peer review grazie alla cortese disponibilità di revis... more I contributi sono stati oggetto di duplice peer review grazie alla cortese disponibilità di revisori italiani e stranieri. Tutte le immagini pubblicate sono state soggette a comunicazione del proposito di pubblicare, come da circolare n. del settembre della Direzione Generale Archivi del Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali e del Turismo. Le fotogra e all'interno dei singoli contributi sono degli Autori, ove non di erentemente indicato, o autorizzate alla pubblicazione. 1 Historical data related to the friary was given after Kolak 1982.

Sztuka w kręgu krakowskich franciszkanów i klarysek, red. M. Szyma, M. Walczak, Kraków 2020, s. 5-15 (Studia z Historii Sztuki Dawnej Instytutu Historii Sztuki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego i Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowi, t. 8, red. M. Walczak), 2020

 Klasztor Franciszkanów w Krakowie, kapitel z dekoracją roślinną (fot. S. Michta)  Kościół Fran... more  Klasztor Franciszkanów w Krakowie, kapitel z dekoracją roślinną (fot. S. Michta)  Kościół Franciszkanów w Krakowie, fotografia Andreasa Grolla (fot. Wien Museum)    . , .          Kościół i klasztor Franciszkanów w Krakowie, przerys planu z r.  (wg Rosenbaiger , il. na s. )  Bogumił Gąsiorowski, wnętrze kruchty kościoła Franciszkanów w Krakowie po pożarze, Biblioteka Jagiellońska, Zbiory Graficzne, nr inw.  , t.   (fot. Sekcja Reprografii )

„Rocznik Krakowski” 88, 2022, s. 275-308, 2022

An article on the construction phases of the Dominican Church of the Holy Trinity in Cracow until... more An article on the construction phases of the Dominican Church of the Holy Trinity in Cracow until the end of the 15th century. The essay presents a new interpretation of the history of church construction in the Middle Ages, based on the results of the latest archaeological research (2017-2018), laser scanning and photogrammetry of the existing architecture. Text in Polish with a summary in English.

„Rocznik Krakowski”, LXXXVIII, 2022, s. 159-197 , 2022

Około 1257 roku Jacek Odrowąż został pochowany na wschodnim krańcu nawy północnej kościoła Domini... more Około 1257 roku Jacek Odrowąż został pochowany na wschodnim krańcu nawy północnej kościoła Dominikanów w Krakowie. W XIV wieku jego grób znalazł się w obrębie nowo wzniesionego lektorium. W 1543 roku relikwie świętego przeniesiono do osobnej kaplicy, urządzonej na piętrze lektorium. Nagrobek Jacka, przechowywany obecnie w farze w Bochni, jest reliktem tego oratorium. W latach 1581–1583, po zburzeniu lektorium, powstała druga, obszerniejsza kaplica z kolejnym nagrobkiem Jacka – z alabastru, znanym ze wzmianek i opisów. W latach 1615–1618 drugą kaplicę zastąpiła trzecia, obecna. Alabastrowy nagrobek rozebrano w 1629 roku, a jego elementy posłużyły do budowy stalli w kościele św. Idziego w Krakowie.

"Epigraphica & Sepulcralia", vol. 12, ed. Jiří Roháček, Praha (Akademie věd České republiky) 2022, s. 57-74 , 2022

Super Fundamenta: Księga Jubileuszowa Dedykowana Profesorowi Szczęsnemu Skibińskiemu, ed. Tomasz Ratajczak, Jarosław Jarzewicz, Adam Soćko, Tadeusz Żuchowski (Historia Sztuki, Nr 49), Poznań (Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM) 2022, s. 277–289, 2022

Epigraphica &Sepulcralia, ed. David Vrána, Jana Marešová, Jan Chlíbec, Kristina Uhlíková, vol. 13, Praha (Akademie věd České republiky) 2022, s. 109–126 , 2022

pomodlit. 38 Ale ať už byla socha umístěna uvnitř areálu kláštera, nebo na místě kdykoli přístupn... more pomodlit. 38 Ale ať už byla socha umístěna uvnitř areálu kláštera, nebo na místě kdykoli přístupném každému z věřících, tedy, jak již bylo řečeno, někde při cestě ke klášteru či v jeho předbraní, zastupoval vytesaný nápis "omylostywa" na jejím soklu celý text mariánské modlitby a představoval tedy pro kolemjdoucí vyzvání-pokyn k adoraci Matky Boží formou odříkání či zpěvu některé z mariánských antifon. 38 O množství adorovaných mariánských soch vedle jiných světic a světců, často spojených s odpustky, se dozvídáme nepřímo z textů reformních kazatelů. Blíže k tomu NECHUTOVÁ, Jana, Prameny předhusitské a husitské ikonofobie.

International Journal of Conservation Science, 2022

The church of the Premonstratensian Convent in Kraków is an early brick structure with stone deta... more The church of the Premonstratensian Convent in Kraków is an early brick structure with stone detail, dating to the mid-13th century. One of the most precious elements preserved of the original church is the monumental late-Romanesque portal made of sandstone. In the wake of the accrual of cultural layers outside the church in the following centuries, what used to be the main portal leading into the church found itself sunk in the ground up to half of its height. Additionally, the portal was covered by a baroque tower in the 17th century. That had a highly negative impact on the condition of the portal which currently urgently required undertaking interdisciplinary research and conservation works. The archaeological digs made it possible to uncover the complete portal, while the research aimed at defining the reasons and degree of damage to the stone. The research consisted in petrographic examinations, examination of the structure of decay caused by dampness and salt, and electric conductivity tests of the sandstone. The conclusions from the research provided the foundation for designing and implementing a conservation works strategy to save, preserve, and show this exceptional work to the public.

International Journal of Conservation Science , 2022

The church of the Premonstratensian Convent in Kraków is an early brick structure with stone deta... more The church of the Premonstratensian Convent in Kraków is an early brick structure with stone detail, dating to the mid-13th century. One of the most precious elements preserved of the original church is the monumental late-Romanesque portal made of sandstone. In the wake of the accrual of cultural layers outside the church in the following centuries, what used to be the main portal leading into the church found itself sunk in the ground up to half of its height. Additionally, the portal was covered by a baroque tower in the 17th century. That had a highly negative impact on the condition of the portal which currently urgently required undertaking interdisciplinary research and conservation works. The archaeological digs made it possible to uncover the complete portal, while the research aimed at defining the reasons and degree of damage to the stone. The research consisted in petrographic examinations, examination of the structure of decay caused by dampness and salt, and electric conductivity tests of the sandstone. The conclusions from the research provided the foundation for designing and implementing a conservation works strategy to save, preserve, and show this exceptional work to the public.

Chór, vysoký oltář a knížecí hroby ve františkánském kostele v Krakově ve 13. století. Minorité p... more Chór, vysoký oltář a knížecí hroby ve františkánském kostele v Krakově ve 13. století. Minorité přišli do Krakova z Prahy v roce 1237. Zakladatelem jejich kláštera byl krakovský palatin Teodor z rodu Gryfitů. Mezi pozdějšími dobrodinci kláštera byli mimo jiné Blahoslavená Salomea (vdova po Kolomanovi, králi Haliče), její bratr, krakovský kníže Boleslav Stydlivý, a jeho manželka, svatá Kinga (dcera maďarského krále Bely IV.). Salomea byla pohřbena v chóru minoritského kostela v Krakově v roce 1269. Jak bylo zaznamenáno ve 14. století, Boleslav, který zemřel v roce 1279, byl také pohřben v chóru před velkým oltářem. Původní kostel sv. Františka byl zbudován na půdorysu řeckého kříže, se sakristií mezi východním a jižním ramenem. Práce začaly nejdříve na konci 40. let 13. století, či spíše v příštím desetiletí. Kolem roku 1269 byl kostel již používán. Chybějící archeologický výzkum neumožňuje říci, zda byla křížová stavba úplným celkem, nebo zda bylo od počátku plánováno její prodloužení na západ v té či oné podobě. Analýza zmínek o knížecích hrobkách umožňuje představit dvě varianty topografie kostela ve 13. století. V první stál při východní stěně východního rozpětí křížové konstrukce oltář a před ním byly hroby Salomei a Boleslava a lavice pro bratry. Ve druhé variantě, která se jeví jako pravděpodobnější, byl řádový chór s hrobkou Salomei také umístěn ve východním rameni kříže, ale situovaný za velkým oltářem. V takovém případě by byl kníže Boleslav pohřben ve středním rozpětí křížové stavby, jehož rozšiřování pravděpodobně právě začalo. Rozšíření kostela ve čtvrté čtvrtině 13. století o dvoulodní loď mělo za následek posunutí lavic do západního ramene kříže. Křížové uspořádání původního kostela má svůj zdroj v bazilice sv. František z Assisi. Důvodem nebylo jen společné patrocinium pro oba kostely, ale svůj význam mohl mít i fakt, že svatořečení sv. Stanislava, krakovského biskupa a mučedníka, vyhlásili roku 1253 v assiské bazilice. Polští františkáni se zapojili do procesu kanonizace a později do propagace kultu

An attempt to reconstruct the rood screen from the mid-13 th century and of the chancel screen fr... more An attempt to reconstruct the rood screen from the mid-13 th century and of the chancel screen from the late 14 th century in Cracows Dominican Church is presented; the reconstruction is based on excavations, architectural research, written records, and laser scanning measurements of the Church. The first screen was a partition wall opened up with two passages. The second, of the type of a Hallenlettner type was five-span with the lateral spans functioning as separate chapels and the middle span communicating the nave with the gallery. In 1543, the chancel screen was altered owing to the construction of the Chapel of St Hyacinth on the first storey. In 1581-1583, the chancel screen was pulled down as the Chapel was extended.

"Rocznik Krakowski", 2021

Artykuł jest pierwszą-od czasu pionierskiego studium Stanisława Tomkowicza-próbą spojrzenia na ka... more Artykuł jest pierwszą-od czasu pionierskiego studium Stanisława Tomkowicza-próbą spojrzenia na kaplice kościoła Dominikanów w Krakowie jako na narastający przez wieki, zróżnicowany formalnie i funkcjonalnie zespół architektoniczny. Po zaprezentowaniu podstawowych faktów dotyczących budowy i przekształcania poszczególnych kaplic oraz sposobów ich użytkowania autorzy zwracają uwagę na przypadki ich ujednolicania czy scalania i starają się wskazać, w jakich celach i z czyjej inicjatywy podejmowano te działania. Stawiają pytania o społeczną pozycję świeckich patronów kaplic i o to, w jakim stopniu zostały one "sprywatyzowane", a w jakim pozostawały pod kontrolą dominikanów. Słowa kluczowe: kaplica, dominikanie, patronat artystyczny, topografia sakralna, bractwa religijne J edną z cech wyróżniających dominikański kościół Świętej Trójcy w Krakowie jest duża liczba kaplic o zróżnicowanej formie artystycznej (il. 1-3). Przy bocznych elewacjach korpusu nawowego i prezbiterium obecnie można ich naliczyć dwanaście, jed

In Principio. Mit początku w kulturze średniowiecznej Europy, ed. J. Kowalski, W. Miedziak, 2020

The author analyzes various sources that allow to reconstruct the initial phases of the construct... more The author analyzes various sources that allow to reconstruct the initial phases of the construction of the Franciscan church and friary in Cracow. The early architecture of the friary complex was presented against the broad background of the development of the Bohemian-Polish province of the Order, the secular patronage over the convent, the political situation and the urban development of Cracow.

Artistic Patronage in Central Europe: From Private Foundations to State Art. Proceedings of the 27th Conference of the Working Group of German and Polish Art Historians and Conservators in Warsaw, 19-21 Seprember 2019, ed. Jakub Adamski, Warszawa 2021, p. 57-86

The monograph of the one of the oldest university buildings in Kraków. Authors: Wojciech Bałus, A... more The monograph of the one of the oldest university buildings in Kraków. Authors: Wojciech Bałus, Andrzej Betlej, Agata Dworzak, Stanisław Sroka, Marcin Szyma

A book on early Dominican architecture in Cracow, from the founding of the Holy Trinity convent (... more A book on early Dominican architecture in Cracow, from the founding of the Holy Trinity convent (1222) to the 20s of the 14th century. Due to the large scale of archaeological and architectural research carried out in the Dominican church and friary in recent years, the book is in some parts out of date, but it still remains the basic monographic study of the problem.

uvćNi łnr 1_2 LXVl 2ol 8 RECENZE REV|Ews ll5 Thanks to the research carried out by Caroline Bruze... more uvćNi łnr 1_2 LXVl 2ol 8 RECENZE REV|Ews ll5 Thanks to the research carried out by Caroline Bruzelius, Jefftey Hamburger, Carola ]óggi and many others, we ale now more aware of the importance of the phenomenon broadly referred to as the architecture and art of female religious orders in the Middle Ages. A considerable contribution to the broadening of this knowledge was made by Czech art historian Helena Soukupovó and the publication of her monumental

Konwent Klarysek skalskich a dziedzictwo kulturowe i religijne bł. Salomei, 2019

Th is paper is based on the results of recent archaeological excavations and architectural survey... more Th is paper is based on the results of recent archaeological excavations and architectural survey carried out at Grodzisko near Skała in 2016-2018. Th e results led to the reconstruction of the large part of medieval masonry architecture, situated in the eastern wing of the main part of the site. It consisted of four limestone buildings set in clay-lime mortar. Th ree of them were preserved in the level of cellars (buildings 1-3), while the fourth (building 4) survived via a shallow basement part, likely supporting an undefi ned light construction – maybe wooden or wattle and daub. Building 1 was the largest part of architectural remains. It measured at least 16 × barely 3,5 m. Th e stratigraphic sequence around the area of the unearthed architectural remains made it possible to determine the chronology of buildings, as well as to reconstruct the progress of settlement process in the studied part of the site. In the light of the archaeological evidence, the medieval architecture at Grodzisko shall be dated from mid-13th c. to the turn of the 14th c. Th e function of this place in the Middle Ages is still far from clear, although most of data speaks in favour of linking the site with the monastery of the Poor Clares, founded in 1257 by by the sister of duke Bolesław V the Chaste – \ Salomea (died in 1268). Th e convent was dedicated to a Virgin Mary, as is indicated by written sources (Monasterium sancte Marie de Lapide or Cenobium de Lapide sancte Marie). At the turn of the 14th c. the site might have been abandoned, mainly due to the political turbulences.