A Simple Model Unifies Space, Matter and Light (original) (raw)
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Review of the Theory of Relativity
Journal of Applied Sciences …, 2008
This study is a review of the theory of relativity. Einstein devised the special theory of relativity in 1905. In special relativity Einstein kept some ideas in his subconscious mind which was very important for the modification of physics. Einstein mentioned in special relativity that the mass of a body increases with an increase of the motion of the body . In fact Einstein recognized acceleration instead of momentum unknowingly. This idea was not incorporated in special theory of relativity. Classical mechanics was founded on rectilinear principles of motion. But Einstein observed that space-time is curved and all motions are curved . Einstein had an attempt to establish the curvilinear principle in physics but he could not complete his works. In Time Dilation and Length Contraction Einstein developed some concepts with a number of anomalies. Actually time dilates and contracts due to the fluctuation of gravitational influence in different space-time. In principle of equivalence Einstein explained the gravitational and inertial mass are the same . But this explanation of principle of equivalence needs more elaboration. Body possesses definite shape, size and density but it can only express mass with the help of gravitation. Beyond the gravitational field body is unable to express mass. This idea is not incorporated with the theory of principle of equivalence. Einstein formulated the general theory of relativity in 1915 combining special relativity, accelerated frame, principle of equivalence and gravitational fields. Einstein put forth three experiments for the proofs of the general theory of relativity. But the general theory which are based on assumptions beyond the principle of equivalence are not well substantiated .
The Fundamental Nature of Relativity
PIRT 2008 Conference Proceedings, 2014
While the confirmed existence of Dark Matter (DM) and Dark Energy (DE) forms a serious and indeed revolutionary problem for physics, they are actually easy to explain if the reality of a fourth macroscopically extended spatial dimension is assumed. The four dimensionality of space is best portrayed in the case of galactic formation in the early universe, where the DM halo that surrounds spiral galaxies can be modeled. DM is nothing more than spatial curvature in the higher fourth dimension that is not associated with local matter (matter inside the spiral galaxy itself), but is instead the result of an interaction between local matter and the overall curvature of the universe. This model yields a definition of DE that also depends on curvature in the fourth dimension in that it predicts the increasing expansion rate of the universe. The model is strictly geometrical and it does not readily reduce to a simple algebraic formula. Yet the geometry does lead to testable predictions rendering the model falsifiable and a classical algebraic formula that adequately describes the gravitational source of the DM in the geometry of the fourth dimension does emerge upon further consideration of how galaxies evolve by the accretion of material bodies gravitating toward the central core. This formula can also be quantized and relativized and thus leads to a complete unification of physics that once again establish the fundamental nature of relativity. Keywords: galactic rotation problem, halo, Dark Matter, CDM, HDM, Dark Energy, General Relativity, Kaluza, Klein, five-dimensional, fourth dimension, space-time, Einstein, positive curvature, extrinsic curvature
Einstein's General Theory Of Relativity
2007
I. Introduction: Newtonian Physics and Special Relativity- 1. Relativity Principals and Gravitation 2. The Special Theory of Relativity II. The Mathematics of the General Theory of Relativity- 3. Vectors, Tensors, and Forms 4. Basis Vector Fields and Metric Tensor 5. Non-inertial Reference Frames 6. Differentiation, Connections and Integration 7. Curvature II. Einstein's Field Equations- 8. Einstein's Field Equations 9. The Linear Field Approximation 10. The Schwarzschild Solution and Black Holes IV. Cosmology- 11. Homogeneous and Isotropic Universe Models 12. Universe Models with Vacuum Energy 13. An Anisotropic Universe V. Advanced Topics- 14. Covariant decomposition, Singularities, and Canonical Cosmology 15. Homogeneous Spaces 16. Israel's Formalism: The metric junction method 17. Brane-worlds 18. Kaluza-Klein Theory VI. Appendices- A. Constrants of Nature B. Penrose diagrams C. Anti-de Sitter spacetime D. Suggested further reading
The Special Theory of Relativity
Physical Systems, 2012
The reconstruction of classical physics in previous chapters unveiled a conceptual relation between Galilean spacetime and Newtonian mass. Once the Galilean geometry of PUMs was assumed, the basic structure of Galilean spacetime was derived. The parameter μ 0 , which was later used to reconstruct mass, was derived from an implicit spacetime symmetry. The full meaning of mass was captured when the reconstruction introduced the "classical" Criterion of Isolation and the Rule of Composition governing motions.
A New Alternative for Relativity Theory
This paper introduces a new approach to relativity; a non-equivalent alternative, explains the same phenomena discussed by Special and General Relativity. This approach is based on the famous mass energy equation as the main postulate as well as the relativity principle and a new theoretical intuitive definition for Kinetic Energy. Then, by using pure mathematical methods, it explains clearly the phenomenon of the fixed speed of light in different inertial frames of reference, as well as those of non-accelerated light when moving toward, or away from a mass, the bending of light near masses and the additional perihelion advance in astronomic objects' orbits. Results do not match perfectly those predicted by General or Special Relativity. However, the known experiments results do not agree with the classical relativity theories more than they do with this study.
The Physical and Mathematical Foundations of the Theory of Relativity
2019
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Mass, Gravity, Space-Time, Dark Energy and Time
An aggregation of Five related Physics Papers previously published at this site and herein pulled together in logical sequence for the convenience of readers interested in the subjects mentioned within the title. These Papers together present an original and new interpretation of physics both past and present. The underlying tenets of mass and gravity are supported with experimental evidence and present a challenge to mainstream physics' speculative dogma often accepted without experimental support.
Unification of space-time-matter-energy
Applied and computational mathematics
A complete description of space-time, matter and energy is given in Einstein's special theory of relativity. We derive explicit equations of motion for two falling bodies, based upon the principle that each body must subtract the mass-equivalent for any change in its kinetic energy that is incurred during the fall. We find that there are no singularities and consequently no blackholes.
We put forward a new view of relativity theory that makes the existence of a flow of time compatible with the four-dimensional block universe. To this end, we apply the creation-discovery view elaborated for quantum mechanics to relativity theory and in such a way that time and space become creations instead of discoveries and an underlying non temporal and non spatial reality comes into existence. We study the nature of this underlying non temporal and non spatial reality and reinterpret many aspects of the theory within this new view. We show that data of relativistic measurements are sufficient to derive the three-dimensionality of physical space. The nature of light and massive entities is reconsidered, and an analogy with human cognition is worked out.