Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Personalized Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Emerging Role of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2016
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a human health issue and often deadly infectious disease in low-middle income nations. In TB, oxidative stress is a result of tissue inflammation, poor dietary intake of micronutrients due to illness, free radical burst from activated macrophages. This study was conducted prospectively to evaluate the oxidative stress in TB. Methods: The study included 30 newly diagnosed TB positive patients and 30 healthy individuals. Pro-oxidant markers like the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and nitric oxide were studied from serum. Antioxidant parameter like serum total-SH was also assessed. Results: Levels of pro-oxidants were significantly increased whereas antioxidant defense markers were significantly impaired in the TB group. Nitric oxide and TBARS were increased (p<0.0001) where glutathione was decreased (p<0.0001) in TB population compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: Marked oxidative stress were seen in the TB population as compared to the healthy cohort. The role of antioxidant therapy may therefore be evaluated in the management of TB.
Oxidative stress biomarkers in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Gombe, North-eastern Nigeria
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019
Background: Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). To our knowledge there is paucity of data on the status of oxidative stress biomarkers among PTB patients in Gombe, North-eastern Nigeria. Our study was designed to evaluate the oxidative stress biomarkers in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Gombe, North-eastern Nigeria. Aims and Objectives: To determine the serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Gombe metropolis, North-eastern Nigeria and to assess the correlation between the oxidative stress biomarkers in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was conducted in a tertiary health care facility with 40 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients on anti-TB drugs treatment (ATT), 40 newly diagnosed PTB patients not yet on anti-TB drugs treatment (ATT-naïve) and 40 age- and sex-marched apparently healthy subjects (controls). Serum...
Status of Oxidants and Antioxidants in Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Varying Bacillary Load
Journal of Experimental Sciences, 2011
When ROS production exceeds the detoxification capacity of systemic endogenic antioxidant defense, oxidative stress occurs. Severe oxidative stress has been reported in tuberculosis patients because of malnutrition and poor immunity. However, our knowledge of the antioxidant profile and its relation to lipid peroxidation in tuberculosis is very limited. We analyzed total hundred fresh untreated pulmonary tuberculosis samples with varying bacillary load and controls for oxidative stress markers viz; Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO) and Antioxidants viz; Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Vitamin C by calorimetric methods. The MDA &NO levels were high in AFB+,higher in AFB ++ and with AFB+++ had the highest levels while SOD,GSH &VITC levels were low in AFB+,lower in AFB++ and AFB+++ had the lowest levels. Our findings provide the evidence of enhanced free radical mediated process corresponded with more advanced disease. It might play a role in the pathol...
THE ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS
drug-resistant tuberculosis is a global challenge of our time. According to WHO, each year half a million new cases of MDR-TB. Tuberculosis drug resistance is characterized by high mortality rates, while the complexity and high cost of its treatment. The most predisposed to the stress are the respiratory system, the brain, the eye, the circulatory system and the reproductive system. Since any body systems are subject to oxidative stress, it has become interesting for us to study these changes in tuberculosis with drug resistance. This review considers the main problem of MDR-TB, тhe role of oxidative stress in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
European Journal of General Medicine
Aim: Several products of cellular (macrophage) activation (i.e. free radicals and cytokines) are potential causes of metabolic disorders in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. There is a dearth of information on the levels of neopterin and oxidative metabolites in Nigerian PTB patients. This study therefore assessed the levels of markers of oxidative stress and neopterin in Nigerian PTB patients. Method: Thirty-eight (17 males and 21 females) newly diagnosed PTB-patients and 40 (22 males and 18 females) apparently healthy non-PTB controls volunteered to participate in this study. Diagnostic criteria included sputum acid fast bacilli, chest X-ray and Mantoux test. The levels of superoxide dismutase, plasma albumin, total antioxidant potential, nitric oxide, reduced glutathione, catalase, total plasma peroxide, oxidative stress index, malondialdehyde and neopterin (marker of cellular activation) were determined in them using spectrophotometric methods and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique respectively. Result: In PTB-patients, significantly (p<0.05) lower levels of albumin, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, catalase, nitric oxide and total antioxidant potential with significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of total plasma peroxide, malondialdehyde, oxidative stress index and neopterin were observed when compared with the non-PTB controls. The result indicates significantly higher levels of cellular activation, free radical load and oxidative stress with associated antioxidants depletion in PTB patients. Conclusion: Oxidative stress and increased level of neopterin are features of pulmonary tuberculosis. Since most of the antioxidants regulating the free radical load and oxidative stress are micronutrient dependent, micronutrient supplementation may be required as adjuvant therapy in the management of PTB patients.
Journal of Tuberculosis Research, 2015
Introduction: Non-enzymatic antioxidants are good scavengers of free radicals preventing their overproduction there by reducing the level of oxidative stress. This work was undertaken at Saint Peter TB specialized hospital and Tekle Haimanot health center from March 2012 to May 2013. Aim: To determine changes in Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants and level of oxidative stress of tuberculosis Patients before and after taking anti tuberculosis treatment. Materials and Methods: In this comparative cross sectional study, a total of 210 individuals including: newly diagnosed TB patients as group-I (n = 70), TB patients who completed treatment as group-II (n = 70), and healthy volunteers as group-III (n = 70) were enrolled. Different methods were used to determine the parameters; vit-C (HPLC method), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbuituric acid method), and bilirubin (Colorimetric assay). Results: Vitamin-C (Vit-C) and of group-I showed a significant reduction (p < 0.001) as compared with both group-II and group-III whereas Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was increased. However, the total and direct bilirubin was not different among the groups. In group-III, there was a positive correlation between BMI and serum Vit-C (r = −0.305, p = 0.010). Vit-C showed a negative correlation with serum MDA in all the groups with values (r = −0.265, p = 0.027), (r = −0.389, p = 0.001) and (r = −0.375, p = 0.001) for group-I, group-II and group-III respectively. In addition to this Vit-C was negatively correlated with serum UA (r = −0.285, p = 0.017) in group-I. Conclusion: The findings of the current study suggest that the amount of Vit-C in the newly diagnosed TB patients and those who finished their treatment is much lower than the healthy * Corresponding author. G. Gebretsadik et al. 64 volunteers. In contrast to this, the MDA value was significantly higher both in the newly diagnosed TB patients and TB patients who completed treatment than in healthy volunteers suggesting higher degree of oxidative stress.
Journal of Tuberculosis Research, 2014
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) still remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Nigeria, there is little information on antioxidant status of TB patients. In this study, effects of oxidative stress markers and vitamins C and E were investigated in pulmonary TB patients attending a health care facility in Nigeria. Methods: Sputum specimens were processed for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) while rifampicin resistance was determined by GeneXpert/Rif assay. Patients were screened for HIV after adequate counselling. Assays for hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), myeloperoxidase (MPx), xanthine oxidase (XO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid were estimated using standard methods. Results: Of the 83 recruited subjects, 29 (34.9%) were AFB negative, 30 (36.1%) were AFB positive while 24 (29.0%) were positive for rifampicin resistance. Overall, HIV prevalence was 6.0% while higher rate of 16.7% was found among the rifampicin resistant subjects. Plasma concentrations of H2O2, MDA and PC and also MPx and XO activities were significantly higher among rifampicin resistant subjects compared with AFB positive and AFB negative groups (P < 0.05). Plasma concentration of GSH and the activities of SOD, GST and GPX were significantly reduced in rifampicin resistant subjects compared with the 2 other groups (P < 0.05). The plasma activity of CAT was similar between rifampicin resistant and AFB positive subjects but significantly lower when compared with AFB negative group. Rifampicin resistant subjects had significantly lower concentrations of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid compared with 2 other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that resistance of TB patients to rifampicin may be due to induction of oxidative stress. Administration of vitamins C and E may be beneficial by reducing the severity of the disease.
Journal of personalized medicine, 2021
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the highest infectious burdens worldwide, and pathogenesis is yet incompletely elucidated. Bacilli dissemination is due to poor antioxidant defense mechanisms and intensified oxidative stress. There are few recent studies that analyzed and compared free radicals or antioxidant status before and after anti-TB treatment. Hence, the present study underlines the need to identify oxidative stress as it could be a useful tool in TB monitorisation. Thirty newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary TB were included after signing an informed consent. Blood was collected before receiving first-line anti-tubercular therapy (T0) and after 60 days (T2). Spectrophotometric methods were used to quantify oxidative parameters (TBARS—thiobarbituric acid reactive species); enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), and TAC (total antioxidant capacity); and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as GSH (reduced glutathione). A moderate positive correlation was found between GSH and TAC (r = 0.63, p-value = 0.046) and GSH and SOD (r = 0.64, p-value = 0.041) at T2. Increased values of GSH, CAT, and SOD were noted at T2 in comparison with T0, while GPx, TAC, and TBARS decreased at T2. A better monitorisation in TB could be based on oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Nevertheless, restoring redox host balance could reduce TB progression.
Oxidative Stress Markers in Tuberculosis and HIV/TB Co-Infection
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2017
In this prospective study all experiments were conducted on Human volunteers were approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC) of Seth GSM College and KEM Hospital vide letter no. EC/67/2011 dated 27 th June 2011. The samples were collected