Proceeding of the 3 rd International Conference "Sustainable Development of Livestock`s Production Systems" (original) (raw)
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Journal of Agricultural Science, 2014
This experiment was undertaken to evaluate the potential impacts of supplementing two direct-fed microbial (DFM) products, namely Bactozyme and Ru-max, to the diet of 12 male Barki sheep (live body weight 46.6 ± 2.9 kg) on dry matter intake (DMI), apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen balance and rumen fermentation characteristics. The Bactozyme or Ru-max were supplemented at a rate of 1.0 g/head/day, mixed with the concentrate mixture. Animals were randomly allocated into 3 equal groups (n=4) and were subjected to the digestibility trails. The results showed that the inclusion of either products of DFM had no positive impact on DMI, but non-significantly improved the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP). However, the Bactozyme addition increased (P<0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The enhancement of the apparent total tract digestibility of cell wall was not significant for the two of DFM products and a non-significant improvement in cell wall digestion due to the Ru-max supplementation over the control group was found. The DFM products had positive impacts on the average of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestible crude protein (DCP) but non significant in comparison with the untreated animals. In addition, the nitrogen balance was improved (P>0.05) by 8 and 13% due to Ru-max and Bactozyme supplementation, respectively in comparison with the control group. The results also revealed that inclusion of DFM products had no impacts on rumen pH 3.0 and 6.0 h after feeding but Bactozyme reduced (P<0.05) the rumen pH 1.0 h after feeding compared to the control group. The inclusion of Bactozyme and Ru-max increased (P>0.05) the NH 3-N concentration in the rumen at 1.0 and 3.0 h after feeding but the Bactozyme decreased (P<0.05) the NH 3-N concentration and increased the volatile fatty acids (VFA) at 6.0 h after feeding compared to the control group. Overall, results indicated that the two DFM products had positive impacts on cell wall digestibility, which in turn improves metabolic energy supply and nutrients utilization in ruminants as well.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2007
Ten Polwarth×Texel lambs (21 ± 3 kg live weight), housed in metabolic cages and fed ad libitum a low-quality grass hay (Cynodon sp.) were used in a replicated 5×5 Latin Square experiment to evaluate effects of supplement type on forage and total intake, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, digestibility and N retention. Supplements were a non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) source (i.e., cassava meal), NFC plus a degradable true protein N (TPN) source (i.e., calcium caseinate), NFC plus a non-protein N (NPN) source (i.e., urea:ammonia sulphate, 9:1), NPN alone or no supplement (control). Hay and fibre intake, as well as fibre digestibility, rumen microbial protein synthesis and N retention were lowest (P<0.05) in lambs supplemented with NFC alone. Total organic matter (OM), digestible energy intake, rumen microbial protein synthesis and N retention improved (P<0.05) with supplementation with NFC plus either TPN or NPN. Rumen pH, as well as rumen concentrations Abbreviations: ADFom, acid detergent fibre (exclusive of ash); ADIN, acid detergent insoluble N; CHO, total carbohydrate; CM, hay plus cassava meal; CMCA, hay plus cassava meal plus calcium caseinate; CMU, hay plus cassava meal plus urea; CP, crude protein; DE, digestible energy; DM, dry matter; EE, ether extract; H, hay alone; lignin(sa), lignin determined by the sulphuric acid method; LW, live weight; OM, organic matter; NFC, non-fibre carbohydrate; aNDFom, neutral detergent fibre (with a heat stable amylase and exclusive of ash); NDIN, neutral detergent insoluble N; NPN, non-protein N; RDP, rumen-degradable protein; OMTD, OMtrue digestibility; TPN, true protein N; U, hay plus area * Corresponding author. Tel.: +55 55 3220 8355; fax: +55 55 3220 8355.
Algunas enzimas amilolíticas industriales pueden incrementar la digestibilidad in vitro del almidón y es posible usarlas como aditivos en dietas con una concentración mediana o alta de granos para rumiantes. Esta investigación se hizo para evaluar cambios en la respuesta productiva y la fermentación ruminal en borregos alimentados con grano de sorgo tratado con amilasas industriales. La dieta tenía 50% de grano de sorgo, 30% rastrojo de maíz, 9% pasta de soya, 9% melaza, 1% urea y 1% de minerales. Los tratamientos fueron los siguientes: Dieta con sorgo sin enzima (T), dieta con 54 mL a-amilasa del Bacillus licheniformis kg -1 sorgo (Bl), y dieta con 10 mL glucoamilasa del Aspergillus niger kg -1 sorgo (An). El diseño fue completamente al azar, en cada tratamiento se usaron siete borregos cruzados (26.05±2.95 kg, PV) alojados en jaulas metabólicas, y se midió la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), consumo de materia seca (CMS) y conversión alimenticia (CA). Además, se hizo un ensayo metabólico con tres borregos cruzados adultos (68±3.05 kg, PV) fistulados en rumen y duodeno; el diseño fue un cuadro latino 3x3 replicado. Se evaluó la digestibilidad ruminal (DiRMS) y total de la MS (DiTMS), de la MO (DiRMO; DiTMO), del almidón (DiRALM; DiTALM), y digestibilidad total de FDN (DiTFDN), así como el pH, N-NH 3 y AGV en líquido ruminal. No hubo diferencias (p>0.05) entre T, Bl y An para CMS (1164.5, 1290.5 y 1199.1 g), GDP (211.5, 231.3 y 209.9 g) y CA (5.5, 5.7 y 5.5). Hubo diferencia (p<0.05) en DiTMS entre An (68.18%) y Bl (76.55%), y en DiTMO entre An (70.60%) y Bl(78.19%). En DiRALM, An (87.23%) y Bl (82.95%) fueron superiores (p<0.05) a T (75.13%). No se encontraron diferencias (p>0.05) en pH, N-NH 3 y AGV. Estos resultados sugieren que sería posible usar la aamilasa del Bacillus licheniformis y la glucoamilasa del Aspergillus niger como aditivos para mejorar la digestibilidad ruminal del almidón del grano de sorgo. ABSTRACT Some industrial amilolytic enzymes may increase in vitro starch digestibility and could be used as additives for diets with medium to high level of grain concentration for ruminants. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in productive performance and ruminal fermentation in sheep fed sorghum grain treated with industrial amylases. Diet had 50% sorghum grain, 30% corn stover, 9% soybean meal, 9% molasses, 1% urea and 1% minerals. Treatments were as follows: sorghum diet without enzyme (T), diet with 54 mL a-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis kg -1 sorghum (BI), and diet with 10 mL glucoamylase from the Aspergillus niger kg -1 sorghum (An). Seven crossbred lambs (26.05±2.95 kg, BW) were housed in individual metabolic pens and randomly assigned to each treatment. Daily weight gain (DWG), dry matter intake (DMI) and feed conversion (FC) were measured. Besides, a metabolic trial was carried out using three cossbreed wethers (68±3.05 kg, BW) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulaes, in a replicated 3x3 latin square design. Variables were ruminal and total digestibility for DM (DiRDM; DiTDM), OM (DiROM; DiTOM), starch (DiRSTA; DiTSTA), and NDF total digestibility (DiTNDF), as well as ruminal pH, N-NH 3 and VFA. There were no differences (p>0.05) among T, BI and An for DMI (1164.5, 1290.5 and 1199.1 g), ADG (211.5, 231.3 and 209.9 g) and FC (5.5, 5.7 and 5.5). There were differences (p<0.05) for DiTDM between An (68.18% and BI (76.55%), and for DiTOM between An (70.60% and BI (78.19%). DiRSTA was higher in An (87.23%) and BI (82.95%) (p<0.05) than T (75.13%). No differences were found (p>0.05) for pH, N-NH 3 and VFA. These results suggest that α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis and glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger could be used as additives to improve ruminal digestibility of sorghum grain starch.
2017
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of diet with increasing dietary levels of crude protein (CP) on digestibility, rumen pH, growth performance, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and on several blood parameters (serum urea, glucose and total protein), in the finishing period of Bafra lambs. Thirty male Bafra lambs, which were 3-3.5 months of age and average live weight of 24±0.4 kg, were divided into three groups (n=10 lambs per group) in a completely randomized design experiment. The diets were composed of 80% compound feed containing 11, 14 or 17% CP and 20% vetch straw. Lambs were fed ad libitium twice each day during the feeding trial period of 60 days. In the last week of the feeding period, all feces were collected to determine digestibility. The rumen and blood samples were collected at the end of the feeding period. The average feed intake was similiar among all tested diets. The best feed conversion rate was recorded the 17% CP...
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding dry rumen content (DRC) at different levels on nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Awassi lambs. Twelve Awassi lambs (22.27±0.25 kg body weight and 4 months old) were randomly allotted into four diets for 65 days. The DRC was included in the diets at 0 % (DRC0), 10% (DRC10), 20% (DRC20), 30% (DRC30) to replace parts of the barley grain and soybean meal in the concentrate diet. On the day 60 of the experimental period, all lambs were fitted with fecal collection bags to evaluate the nutrient digestibility. Intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and Metabolizable energy (ME) were not affected (P>0.05) in lambs fed DRC10 and DRC20 diets compared to those fed DRC0 (control) diet but decreased (P<0.05) in lambs fed DRC30 diet. Intake of CP (g/day) was higher (P<0.05) in lambs fed DRC10 and DRC20 diet than those fed DRC30 diet, but not significant difference (P>0.05) than those fed control one (DRC0) while, intake of CP (g/kg W0.75) did not differ (P>0.05) among diets. Intakes of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were highest (P<0.01) for lambs fed the DRC30 diet followed by the DRC20 and DRC10 than those fed DRC0. No significant different in DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF digestibility. Total gain and average daily gain (ADG) in lambs fed DRC10 and DRC 20 diets were not significant (P>0.05) different as compared with lambs fed DRC0 (control) diet but they were decreased (P<0.05) when lambs fed DRC30 diet. Lambs fedDRC10 diet was higher(P<0.05) in feed efficiency than those fed DRC30, but no significant (P>0.05) difference than those fed DRC0 and DRC20 diets. It could be concluded that feeding Awassi lambs diets containing DRC up to 10% improved growth performance without any adverse effect on nutrient digestibility or animal health.
Impact of Two commercial Types of Feed Supplement on Rumen Juice properties and Body
2015
probiotics, rumen juice, digestibility, fibrolytic enzymes Non pregnant female goats (12 animals) free from internal and external parasites and kept under observation for 4 weeks before being supplemented with two different kind of feed supplement for 8 weeks. Goats of experiment were divided into 3 groups each of them consists of 4 goat. (G1): Treated with probiotic TOP 2XR with dose 1ml/liter of water, (G2): treated with another supplement which contain fibrolytic enzymes GALZYMR with dose 1ml/3liters of water and (G3): control group. Rumen juice samples were obtained weekly to observe the effect of bacterial probiotics TOP-2XR and fibrolytic enzymes GalzymR on the food digestibility of the small ruminants (goat) as well as the effect of them on some physical and biochemical properties of ruminal juice as well as body weight of treated animals and also to throw some lights on hematological parameters.Results of the study showed that using of bacterial probiotic TOP2XR as a dietary...
Animals, 2020
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing cereals and protein concentrates in a high-cereal concentrate (control) for light lambs with corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 18%), dried citrus pulp (DCP; 18%), and exhausted olive cake (EOC; 8%) in a byproduct (BYP) concentrate on growth performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and plasma metabolites. Two homogeneous groups of Lacaune lambs (13.8 kg ± 0.25 kg) were fed one of each concentrates and barley straw ad libitum until reaching about 26 kg body weight. There were no differences between groups on feed intake, average daily gain, or feed conversion ratio, but the control diet had greater (p < 0.001) dry matter digestibility. Diet had no effect on post-mortem ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations and profile, but NH3-N concentrations were lower (p = 0.003) for the BYP-fed group compared with the control one. However, plasma concentrations of amino acids, total p...
2011
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of degradation characteristics of six feed supplements on ruminal volatile fatty acid and amino acid production and profile using three ruminally cannulated male sheep. The sheep were fed a concentrate to forage ratio of 35:65. The supplements came from Soybean Meal (SBM), Corn Meal (CM), Meat and Bone Meal (MBM), Feather Meal (FtM), Blood Meal (BM), and distillers Dried Gain with Soluble (DDGs). Sheep were fed at 6 h interval for 42 days. Ruminal parameters such as pH, NH4 + , temperature, NO3G, and Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) were measured over a 12 h period after feeding. Concentrations of pH, NH4 + , and NO3G showed significant difference (p<0.001) across all dietary treatments. Sheep fed BM had higher pH (6.64 vs. 5.81), NH 4 + (262.31 vs. 1.95 ppm), and NO 3 G (559.71 vs. 77.40 ppm) values than did those fed CM whereas FtM showed intermediate values. The C2/ (C3+C4) ratio of the major VFA showed a significant differe...
Small Ruminant Research, 2002
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of non-conventional feed resources was carried out in the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Debre Zeit Station, Ethiopia, using sheep. Ten non-conventional feed types commonly used by urban and periurban livestock farmers were obtained from the farming system and evaluated in vitro following standard procedures. Following in vitro studies, five non-conventional feed types were selected for in vivo studies based on the in vitro result, availability, and wide use by farmers. Thirty indigenous rams weighing 22:6 AE 0:97 ðmean AE SDÞ kg initially were stratified into weight groups and assigned randomly to treatments. Treatments included Tela atella (traditional brewery residue), Katicala atella (traditional liquor residue), lentil (Lens culinaris) hull, rough pea (Lathyrus sativa) hull, and field peas (Pisum sativum) hull based on the basal diet of native grass hay (control). In vitro study indicated that Tela and K. atella had higher organic matter (97-98%), crude protein (CP) (21%), and gross energy (GE) (21-22 MJ/kg DM) and lower fiber fractions (neutral detergent fiber, NDF ¼ 41À60%; acid detergent fiber, ADF ¼ 11À21%). Pulse hulls (lentil, rough pea and field pea hulls) had medium to high CP (8-16%), lower GE (17-19.5 MJ/kg DM), and higher fiber fractions (NDF ¼ 49À71%; ADF ¼ 49À62%). Among the pulse hulls considered, lentil hull had the highest CP (16%), and lowest NDF (49.4%) and ADF (48.6%). Poultry litter and orange peel had the highest CP (30%) and GE (28 MJ/kg DM), respectively. Results of the in vivo study indicated that both atella and pulse hulls improved total dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, energy and NDF intakes. The improvement was higher for atella compared to pulse hull groups. Basal diet intake was reduced when pulse hulls were fed. T. atella, K. atella and lentil hull had higher nitrogen and energy digestibility compared to pulse hulls and the control. Supplementation improved nitrogen retention, with T. atella, K. atella and lentil hull. Therefore, given the increasing competition with monogastric animals and increasing price of conventional by-products coupled with the deteriorating quality of tropical forages, T. atella, K. atella, and lentil hull have potentials to be used as a protein and energy (except lentil hull) supplements on low quality based diet under small holder livestock production systems. Further research is warranted to lower the concentration of tannins and fiber in pulse hulls and improve the feeding system to enhance the utilization of atella. #
This experiment studied effects of free choice tree leaves feeding with restricted or ad libitum concentrate supplementation on intake, nitrogen utilisation and performance of weaner lambs. Tree leaves offered to lambs contained khejri (Prosopiscineraria) and siris (Albizialebback) in 50:50 ratio. Sixty weaner (90 d) lambs, were divided into three equal groups and in addition to free choice of tree leaves lambs were supplemented with concentrate either 1.5 (C1.5) or 2.5 % (C2.5) of body weight (BW), while the third group (CAL) was fed ad-libitum. The experiment lasted for 90 days.