Molecular Characterization of Bacterial Isolates and Physicochemical Assessment of Well Water Samples from Hostels at Osekita, Iworoko-Ekiti, Ekiti State (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of International Environmental Application and Science, 2009
The principle drinking water sources at the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), including Al-Madinah Al-Mounwwarah are the desalinated and underground well water. The present study focused on evaluating this drinking water sources portability from the bacteriological point of view. Searching for any possible correlation between bacteria present in the studied drinking water and those which have been isolated from the final effluent waste water of hospitals, is a crucial target. Water samples were collected from underground well water, underground reservoirs and taps at the nearest neighbourhood to previously-studied five hospitals namely; King Fahd, Ohod, Al-Mouassat, Women and Maternity and Saudi-German. Water samples from two additional sites namely; Al-Eskan and Al-Bsateen, away from these hospitals were investigated as control remote areas. Drinking bottled water (6 trade marks) processed at Al-Madinah Al-Mounwwarah namely; Doraq, Nada, Quba, Sarat, Taibah and Watanya, were also studied. Qualitative and quantitative bacteriological full analyses for water samples collected from the 27 sites, including enumeration of total viable (TVB), total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC) bacteria in addition to the identification of the purified isolates to the specific level using API 20E strips and its software program, have been accomplished. Antibiotic-resistance profiles, expressed in MIC µg/ml, of the most important Gram-ve rods against 9 antibiotics namely; bacitracin, chloramephincol, erythromycin, impenim, penicillin G, rifampicin, streptomycin, tetracycline and vancomycin, were also drown up. Screaning for plasmids in the antibiotic-resistant isolates was fully studied. Results showed high and fluctuated TVB, TC and FC bacterial counts ranged between 100 : 1000, 90 : 800 and 1 : 3 cfu/100 ml, respectively, in the studied underground well water, indicating its unacceptable quality for drinking. Underground reservoirs and tap water samples were free from TC and FC, giving acceptable drinking water according to both the local and international standards, although having low to moderate TVB counts (1 : 15 cfu/ 100 ml). No direct correlation between the bacterial counts and the neiborhood hospitals, compared with counts detected in water samples from the two remote control areas. The study clearly-assured the bacteriologically-high grade quality of all the six investigated bottled water, showing no counts for TC and/or FC, so safe to drink. The low TVB counts (3 : 24 cfu/ 100 ml) seemed, numerically-potable according to standards, but health threatens are alarming because of the ability of some of these commensals to accept extrachromosomal elements changing their characteristics and impose pathogenic behaviours. Identification revealed that 74% were Gram-ve, 56% of it are rods, while 18% are cocci, only 26% were Gram +ve rods, 19% are spore-formers and 7% are non spore-formers, while no Gram +ve cocci were detected. Gram-ve rods belonged to 8 strains, 7 species and 7 genera namely; Escherichia coli 1, Citrobacter frundii, Providencia stuartii, Proteus vulgaris, Cryseomonas leteula , Stenotrophomonas maltophili (which have been heavily-isolated from almost all the studied bottled water but non of the other sources), Aeromonas hydrophila (group 1&2). The most distributed species were Aeromonas hydrophila (group 1), Cryseomonas leteula and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. All of the 8 studied strains resist from 3 : 9 of the antibiotics at MIC(s) from 50 :100 µg/ml. Molecular studies resulted in the detection of plasmids in 5 out of the 8 strains. Miniprep, alkaline lysis and 1% agarose gel protocols, along with electrophoresis against Hind III partially-digested Lambda phage, showed only one plasmid in each, all of the same size; 23130 bp. It is very important here to record that only 3 isolates namely; Escherichia coli 1, Provedencia stuartii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , out of 5 isolates of these were identical; from the points of antibiotic-resistance profiles, MIC(s) and plasmid content, with 3 of those isolated from hospitals waste water in the previous study.
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2021
Water is essential to life. The existence of all forms of life is dependent on an adequate water supply. The exigent need for water supply in homes prompted the construction of water sources and water storage devices in the homes. This however does not guarantee that the water is safe to drink. If the water is safe at the source, it may be contaminated during transportation storage and drawing at home. This study was carried out to determine the microbial counts, antibiotics susceptibility and plasmid profile of bacteria isolates from household water distribution tanks in the Ado-Ekiti metropolis. The total bacteria and coliform counts were determined using the pour plating technique. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using the disc diffusion technique while the plasmid profile of the isolates was determined using the alkaline lysis method and agar gel electrophoresis. The mean total bacteria count of the water sample was 6.96 log10 CFU/ml, while t...
Water Science and Technology: Water Supply
This research aimed to assess the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of underground water, and determine the antibiotic susceptibility and presence of plasmids in multiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Escherichia coli O157:H7 in underground water sources in Ado-Ekiti. Physicochemical and bacteriological analysis of water samples were carried out using standard methods, an antibiotic susceptibility test was investigated using the standard disc diffusion method and plasmid analysis of MAR isolates was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The physicochemical parameters analyzed were within WHO recommendations except for pH and potassium while the water samples did not conform to the WHO bacteriological recommendations for drinking water. A total of 272 E. coli were isolated and identified, among which 150 isolates were non-sorbitol fermenters (NSF) and taken as presumptive E. coli O157. MAR to three and more classes of antibiotics used were observed a...
J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage., 2019
In drinking water systems, a large number of microorganisms live in complex communities in a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix associated with inner surfaces of pipes, walls and floors of storage tanks, joints and faucets. This study was aimed at analyzing the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of bacterial isolates of drinking water distribution systems in some higher institutions in Edo State. The physicochemical parameters were determined by using standard protocol and microbiological water quality was conducted using the standard microbiological methods. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed that, the pH values ranged between 4.17 and 5.89. The highest (5.89) was recorded with samples from OK-R and the least (4.17) was obtained from UB-T. The electrical conductivity (EC) values for SA-R (104.8µS/cm), AA-R (105.5 µS/cm) and OKR (114.8 µS/cm) exceeded the permissible threshold value of 100µS/cm. Concentrations of lead for AA-R (0.02 mg/L) and OK-R (0.03 mg/L) were significantly higher than the acceptable level of 0.01mg/L. The mean total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from 3.3 ± 0.3 x 10 2 cfu/mL to 9.3 ± 0.3 x 10 2 cfu/mL, with the least and highest counts recorded for UB-R and AA-R. Phenotypically identified bacteria were the Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Providencia species. The study revealed that drinking water system of biofilms is a reservoir for microorganisms that could cause public health concerns which is impacted by the presence of available nutrient, environmental conditions and heavy metals.
Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2022
Safe water is an essential resource for the existence and sustenance of life. The unavailability of safe water is a significant cause of water-related diseases, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. A spike in the incidence of waterborne diseases has become a public health concern. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the diversity of bacteria, resistance pattern and level of antibiotic resistance determinants associated with bacteria isolated from different water sources in SouthWest Nigeria. A total of 120 water samples were collected across SouthWestern Nigeria from which bacteria were isolated, and identification was achieved by sequencing its partial 16S rRNA. Disc diffusion and multiplex PCR were used to determine antibiotic susceptibility and resistance determinants. A total of 50 bacterial isolates were identified, consisting of Proteus spp. (2), Bacillus spp. (8), Enterobacter spp. (8), Klebsiella spp. (9), Escherichia coli (7), Citrobacter spp. (6), Pseudomonas spp. (4), and Serratia marcescens (6). All the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate, whereas 72%, 60%, 54% and 44% were resistant to nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin respectively. Quinolone-resistant genes (qnrB, qnrA and qnrS), and tetracycline-resistant genes (tetA and tetB) were found in the isolates. The beta-lactamase gene and class 1 integron were also detected in the isolates, with the class 1 integron genes occurring the least. The results revealed that isolates were highly resistant to antibiotics used, as evident in the presence of antibiotic genes. This reveals the unsanitary states of water consumed by the general public, and the ingestion of these antibiotic-resistant bacteria is responsible for the birth of untreatable diseases.
J.Appl.Sci.Environ.Manage., 2019
ABSTACT: In drinking water systems, a large number of microorganisms live in complex communities in a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix associated with inner surfaces of pipes, walls and floors of storage tanks, joints and faucets. This study was aimed at analyzing the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of bacterial isolates of drinking water distribution systems in some higher institutions in Edo State. The physicochemical parameters were determined by using standard protocol and microbiological water quality was conducted using the standard microbiological methods. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed that, the pH values ranged between 4.17 and 5.89. The highest (5.89) was recorded with samples from OK-R and the least (4.17) was obtained from UB-T. The electrical conductivity (EC) values for SA-R (104.8µS/cm), AA-R (105.5 µS/cm) and OKR (114.8 µS/cm) exceeded the permissible threshold value of 100µS/cm. Concentrations of lead for AA-R (0.02 mg/L) and OK-R (0.03 mg/L) were significantly higher than the acceptable level of 0.01mg/L. The mean total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from 3.3 ± 0.3 x 10 2 cfu/mL to 9.3 ± 0.3 x 10 2 cfu/mL, with the least and highest counts recorded for UB-R and AA-R. Phenotypically identified bacteria were the Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Providencia species. The study revealed that drinking water system of biofilms is a reservoir for microorganisms that could cause public health concerns which is impacted by the presence of available nutrient, environmental conditions and heavy metals.
Bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance from the water source to the tap
2012
i ABSTRACT Water is one of the most important habitats for bacteria in the environment. The continuous flux in the urban water cycle carries water through many places, dragging bacteria and numerous chemical contaminants. This makes of water one of the most important vehicles, not only for the dissemination of the chemical substances, but also for the dissemination of organisms and, consequently, the respective resistance genes in the environment. The main goal of this study was to investigate if drinking water production and distribution could represent a hotspot for the proliferation, selection or incoming of antibiotic resistant bacteria, and the likelihood of these organisms to reach the final consumer, via tap water. In order to meet this objective, the study was planned aiming the tracking of bacterial communities and individual isolates from the source to the tap.
International Journal of Pathogen Research, 2019
Aims: Bacteriological quality assessment and antibiogram profile of bacteria associated with sachet drinking water was carried out with view to determine the bacterial load and fitness of the water sold in the study area for human consumption. Materials and Methods: Ten samples of different brands were aseptically collected and analyzed using heterotrophic count and most probable number technique. The isolated bacteria were microscopically and biochemically characterized and finally confirmed using Box™ Easygel® E. coli Quantitube™ Test Kit (Micrology Laboratories manufactures, Easygel®, USA) biotyping. Physicochemical analysis of the samples was done using standard methods. The isolated bacteria were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Results: The total heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from 1.0×10 2 to 3.0×10 2 cfu/ml, with MPN/100ml values ranged from <0.03 to 1.2. The temperature ranged from 8 to 18°C, at the pH range of 5.0 to 7.6. The findings showed that, high temperatures and pH was associated with high bacterial counts. There was no statistical relationship between microbial loads and the temperature (p= 0.454) of the analyzed sachet water. Also, there was no statistical relationship between microbial loads and pH (p= 0.446) of the sachet water. The bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella sp, Citrobacter freundii and Proteus vulgaris. Most 9 (90%) of the water analyzed fell within the statutory limits. While, the remaining 1 (10%) fell within the contamination level, which recorded high bacterial counts beyond the standard of safe drinking water set by water and food regulatory bodies. Conclusion: The isolation of E. coli and Salmonella sp. in sample brand "A" in this study is an indication that if not promptly checked, an outbreak could occur in the near future. All the isolates are susceptible to variety of antibiotics used, except Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella sp. and Citrobacter freundii which recorded resistance to amoxicillin, and Proteus vulgaris which recorded multidrug resistance.
Bacteriological analysis of tap, processed and filtered water samples
Abstract The bacterial and chemical contamination of water is the leading cause of numerous diseases i.e. Cholera, Hepatitis A, Schistosomiasis and many others. Polluted water is dreadfully a big threat to many lives all across the globe. In this present study, a total of 60 water samples i.e., bottled, tap and drinking water samples were collected in sterile containers. By using the techniques of spread plate and filter paper replication methods, colonies were isolated. Further identification was done using microbiological and biochemical tests. The organisms identified were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococus aureus, Bacillus spp., Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Aeromonas spp. and Micrococcus spp. Their prevalence patterns were also studied accordingly. Attention must be paid for the sustainability of the water and the lives, which are dependent on its consumption. From the microbiological standpoint, a safety UV disinfection step in the water-treatment system is encouraging. To void bacterial re-contamination episodic cleaning and disinfection of the water-treatment and distribution systems should be done. Keywords: Water quality, pathogenic strains, paper replication method.
IOSR Journals , 2019
This study was aimed at assessing the antibiotic susceptibility profiles and determination of the gene encoding resistance to bacterial isolates, recovered from drinking water distribution systems. Five (5) institutions were used for this study selected from the three senatorial districts, (Edo South (ES1 and ES2), Edo Central (EC3 and EC4) and Edo North (EN5). Forty five water biofilm water samples were obtained from the designated sampling points on three occasions, within the period of February, 2017 and April, 2017. The antibiotic susceptibility tests of bacterial isolates were determined by the disc diffusion methods. Multidrug resistant isolates were screened for the presence of resistant genes in chromosomes and plasmids by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products or amplicons were verified by agarose gel electrophoresis and viewed under gel documentation system with UV-transilluminator. The phenotypically identified bacterial isolates were Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Providencia. There was high resistance to antibiotics particularly, cefixime (CEF) 95.2 % and nitrofurantoin (NIT) 85.7 %. The ofloxacin (OFL) and cefuroxime (CEF) recorded the least percentage resistance (4.8 % and 9.5 %). The resistant TEM-gene was present in the chromosomal extracts of Pseudomonas hibiscicola strain R-F06-24 and Bacillus cereus strain R-G07-19 and in the plasmid extract of Proteus penneri strain R-G07-19. As a result of global challenge due to multi-drug resistant bacteria, the relevant authority has an ardent interest in the proliferation and spreading of genes conferring resistance to antibiotics. In this regard, molecular approach at substantiating for the presence of genetic elements liable for the dissemination of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents is necessary.