Lexical Features of the Modern English Discourse of the Law Enforcement System (original) (raw)
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The content of the category "law enforcement agency" in terms of reforming the domestic system
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Building a reliable and effective law enforcement system is one of the main tasks of every state. With each new reform, Ukraine's law enforcement system is moving away from the Soviet model and closer to the European one. The threat to national security, the constant misunderstandings of the civilian population and law enforcement agencies, the shortcomings of the category encourage scientists to engage in research on reforming the system in the field of national legislation. However, it is necessary to start reforming such a large-scale industry by defining this category. Many effective modernization measures have been successful due to foreign experience. It is in the definition of this category that the main mission and tasks of the functioning of bodies are covered. Some countries emphasize that law enforcement agencies protect the interests of the state first and then the citizens, while others emphasize that the mission of this system is to protect citizens, peace and sec...
Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2016
Recently, the number of terminological research has increased significantly; it refers to research of both natural sciences and humanities terminology. The latter should include the English criminal law terminology considered in this work. One of the major reasons for this phenomenon can be identified as the need of any country in training highly qualified employees who, along with deep knowledge of their profession, would be able to work in the global environment and therefore be proficient in the foreign languages, which also means knowledge of professional terminology in these languages. However, despite the fact that a growing number of studies has been recently done on various issues of terminology, including the systemic nature of terms in various sciences, the English terminology of criminal law has not been sufficiently studied, which creates a considerable scope for the research. This paper considers the thesis on the systemic nature of these terms through studying the following phenomena: interdetermination of terms, realization of genus-species relations, synonymic and antonymic relations. As the result of the analysis it was discovered that well developed genus-species relations of criminal law terms, as well as the developed synonymy in this terminology and clearly defined relations of the opposites confirm the thesis of the systemic structure of the of terminology. It is also noted that a synonymic chain may have a certain length, and the antonymic relations are expressed in lexis and morphology. More over, the work analyzes one more specific feature of this terminological system – multiple meaning of a term which is considered by some researches to be the negative linguistic phenomenon. The author reviews the researches on this issue and draws the main conclusions on the number of multiple meaning and monosemantic terms.
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The article is devoted to peculiarities of translation of modern law terms from English into Russian. The authors present the theoretical material, concerning the difficulties and methods of terms translation. The various existing ways of terms translation are discussed, namely borrowing of term without translation, interpretation method, transformation method and calquing, with attention to both mono- and poly-lexemic terms (terms-phrases). A classification of possible difficulties and peculiarities of translation of the law terms from English into Russian is given (many ways of translation, ambiguity of transformational constructions, polysemy of terms and the contextual dependence of the term). In addition, the question is raised on the translation of euphemisms, and also examples of terms based on metaphor and metonymy are given. Special attention is paid to the translation of terms-word combinations, which now encompasses the largest part of the difficulties in translation. Theoretical arguments are supported by examples of English terms and their equivalents in the Russian language, taken from authoritative English- Russian legal dictionaries. It is shown that, despite the variety of existing ways of terms translation, the law terms often cause difficulties due to their specific nature, as well as the dynamic nature of the terminology of law.
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Although the term ‘discourse’ has been defined by many researchers in linguistics, it still remains an abstract concept. This is because there are different views on discourse and text, discourse and language, and discourse and speech oppositions, and the study of this problem in linguistics is of a particular importance. Besides linguistics, ‘discourse’ is also studied in sociology, anthropology, philosophy, and other fields as the primary research object of social theories. And this requires an interdisciplinary study of this issue. Today discourse is considered in the framework of Forensic linguistics, which connects jurisprudence and linguistics, and the disclosure of the linguistic and extralinguistic features of legal discourse is one of the main goals and objectives of this field. Institutional discourse, which differs from colloquial discourse in terms of direction, speech constraints, structure, purpose, and other characteristics, it is divided into political, administrativ...