Effect of boscalid on postharvest decay of strawberry caused by Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer (original) (raw)
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Bacillus subtilisandTrichoderma harzianumcontrol postharvest pathogens of strawberry fruits in vitro
Acta horticulturae, 2016
This research assessed the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis (Bs) and Trichoderma harzianum (Th) (antibiosis, parasitism and volatile compounds production) for the control of important postharvest strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) pathogens, including Rhizopus stolonifer (Rs) (soft rot), Botrytis cinerea (Bc) (gray mold), and Colletotrichum spp. (Col) (anthracnose), in paired cultures. Those are etiologic agents of major strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) postharvest diseases. Commercial available antagonists, and pathogens isolated from infected strawberry fruit were used. Pathogens were paired in petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) with Bs aliquots of 80, 60, 40 and 20 µL plate-1 or Th aliquots of 62.50, 46.88, 31.25 and 16.60 µL plate-1. Plates were incubated at 25±1°C, photoperiod of 12 h. The Bs 80 µL aliquot reduced mycelial growth of Bc and Col at 90 and 98%, respectively. Th did not inhibit growth of Rs. Bs and Th produced no volatile compounds in petri dishes able to inhibit the pathogens. The inhibition zones and the reduced mycelial growth of pathogens showed that Bs and Th acted by antibiosis. These results indicate the potential of Bs and Th for postharvest strawberry diseases control.
The Use of Fungicide Alternatives for Controlling Postharvest Decay of Strawberry and Orange Fruits
Journal of Plant Protection Research, 2008
Control measures of postharvest diseases of strawberry and navel orange fruits using hydrogen peroxide, calcium chloride and chitosan were evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. All tested concentrations of chemicals used were able to reduce the linear growth and spore germination of B. cinerea; R. stolonifer; P. digitatum and P. italicum. Complete inhibition of linear growth and spore germination was obtained with concentrations of 1.5 and 2.0% of all treatments. Under storage conditions, significant reduction in descending order of mould incidence was observed in strawberry and orange fruits treated with ascending concentrations of calcium chloride, hydrogen peroxide and chitosan. Obtained data revealed significant reduction in mould incidence in fruits when treated by calcium chloride and chitosan 12h before artificial inoculation with the mould pathogens, while hydrogen peroxide showed the opposite result. The present study demonstrated that the application of hydrogen peroxide is superior to treatment with calcium chloride or chitosan enhanced the control activity against mould pathogens which as it expressed was as either percentage of diseased fruits or decay development as rotted tissue weight of strawberry and navel orange. The applied tested chemical might act as contact and systemic fungicides which have a protective or therapeutic effect.
Application of biological products in strawberry cultivars to control Botrytis cinerea
Research, Society and Development, 2021
The objective of this work was to evaluate three strawberry cultivars in an organic production system combined with the application of biological products via leaf for the control of Botrytis cinerea aiming at increasing fruit productivity and quality. The experimental design was randomized block, in a 5x3 factorial scheme, consisting of four products and three cultivars. The treatments consisted of the biological products Onix (Bacillus methylotrophicus), Quartz (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), Botector (Aureobasidium pullulans), Prestop (Gliocladium catenatum) and control (water application in the plot) in combination with three strawberry cultivars (Cristal, Monterey and Pircinque). Through the results it was possible to observe the superiority of the cultivar Cristal in the total fruit production when compared to the cultivars Monterey and Pircinque. The biological products Onix, Quartz and Botector provided higher total strawberry production. The recommended cultivar for planting ...
Plant Disease
Gray mold, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea., is one of the most economically important diseases of strawberry. Gray mold control involves the application of fungicides throughout the strawberry growing season; however, B. cinerea isolates resistant to multiple classes of site-specific fungicides have been recently reported in the Spanish gray mold population. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI) constitute a relatively novel class of fungicides registered for gray mold control representing new alternatives for strawberry growers. In the present study, 37 B. cinerea isolates previously characterized for their sensitivity to boscalid and amino acid changes in the SdhB protein were used to determine the effective concentration that reduces mycelial growth by 50% (EC50) to fluopyram, fluxapyroxad, and penthiopyrad. The present study was also conducted to obtain discriminatory doses to monitor SDHI fungicide resistance in 580 B. cinerea isolates collected from 27 ...
2021
Botrytis cineria is a momentous pathogen of different economically important crops, causing severe diseases on more than five hundred species of plants, mainly affects fresh vegetables and fruits with economic losses of 10 to 100 billion dollars throughout the world. Grey mould, caused by B. cineria is considered as a major post-harvest disease of a wide range of fruits especially strawberry. Medicinal desert plants like Citrullus colocynthis , Capparis decidua , and Calotropis procera are used as antifungal agents against post-harvest diseases of fruits caused by B. cineria. Different products are obtained from these desert plants and are being used for medicinal purposes and also proven good to control different diseases in fruit plants. They contain antifungal properties that cease fungal growth through different ways. These plant extracts are used because they do not contain any side effects and control the fungal growth. These medicinal plant extracts are also cheap in their c...
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2000
The effect of pre-harvest sprays of chitosan on post-harvest decay and quality of strawberries stored at 3 and 13°C was investigated. Strawberry plants were sprayed with 2, 4 and 6 g l − 1 , chitosan solutions as the fruit were turning red. A second spray was performed after 10 days. Fruit were picked 5 and 10 days after each spray. Harvested fruit from chitosan sprayed plants were challenged with Botrytis cinerea. Chitosan sprays significantly reduced post-harvest fungal rot and maintained the keeping quality of the fruit compared with control. The incidence of decay decreased with increased chitosan concentration and increased with storage period and temperature. The second spray of chitosan extended the protective effect against decay of fruit from subsequent picks. Fruit from chitosan sprayed plants were firmer and ripened at a slower rate as indicated by anthocyanin content and titratable acidity than berries from non-treated plants. Chitosan sprays were not phytotoxic at all the concentrations tested. Chitosan sprays at 6 g l − 1 concentration performed twice, 10 days apart, protected the fruit from decay and kept the fruit quality at an acceptable level throughout the storage period of 4 weeks in fruit stored at 3°C. The protective effect of chitosan sprays was more pronounced for fruit from pick 1 than pick 2. Kinetic data on decay and ripening characteristics provided quantitative evidence that chitosan compensates for higher storage temperature and protects against deterioration of lower quality fruit from the second harvest.
Pre-storage hypobaric treatments delay fungal decay of strawberries
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2013
Fungal decay is a major cause of postharvest losses in strawberries. The traditional approach for controlling fungal decay is the use of fungicides. However, the use of fungicides has been questioned as a sustainable and safe method, and is also prohibited in many countries. One potential physical method for reducing fungal decay is application of a short-term hypobaric treatment prior to storage. In this study efficacy of postharvest hypobaric treatments to control natural rot development in strawberries was evaluated. Strawberries were treated with hypobaric pressures (25 kPa a , 50 kPa a and 75 kPa a) for 4 h at 20 • C and subsequently stored at 20 • C or 5 • C. A 50 kPa a treatment consistently delayed rot development in samples stored at either temperature confirming that the technique has potential as a non-chemical treatment. Moreover 50 kPa a treatments did not affect weight loss and firmness at either 20 • C or 5 • C. An initial increase in respiration rate was observed in 50 kPa a treated samples potentially indicating mild stress due to hypobaric treatment. An in vitro fungal study found that 50 kPa a treatment for 4 h did not affect the rate of radial growth of colonies of Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer, providing further evidence that the potential mechanism of hypobaric treatment is induction of the defence system within the fruit rather than a direct effect on fungal viability. Further molecular and biochemical research is required to evaluate the possible stimulation of resistance in fruit through short-term hypobaric treatments.
Antifungal activity of 2,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid on postharvest pathogens of strawberry fruits
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 1996
2,5-Dimethoxybenzoic (DMB) acid was tested as an antifungal compound to control the postharvest decay pathogens of strawberry fruits. The compound completely inhibited in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer at a concentration of 5 × 10 -3 M. The effect of DMB acid treatments on the decay of strawberry fruits, stored at 20°C or at 3°C plus a period of simulated shelf-life storage, was investigated. A marked reduction in decay development was observed when commercially harvested strawberries were dipped or sprayed with 10 -z M DMB acid. Its practical use on berries under field conditions has been also tested. The best results were obtained when fruits were dipped for 1 minute in 10 -2 DMB acid in combination with 0.05% (v/v) Tween 20.
Heliyon, 2020
This work aimed to evaluate the effect of ozone washing (maximum concentration 3.5 mgL-1-5 and 15 min) on Botrytis cinerea decay, physicochemical parameters, bioactive compounds, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity, and sensory properties of strawberries cv. Albion throughout refrigerated storage at 5 AE 1 C. A 5 min long ozonation delayed the onset of B. cinerea infection by 4 days, and significantly reduced its incidence as storage progressed (~17 % lesser than in control at day 8), without impairing physicochemical parameters or sensory quality. This treatment did not affect the antioxidant activity of strawberry extracts neither in in vitro (ORAC and ABTS assays) or in vivo assays using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. Higher ozone doses did not achieve greater reduction of B. cinerea decay throughout the storage period. This study demonstrated that exposing strawberries to a 5 min long aqueous ozone treatment could extend their storability at 5 C.
Botrytis cinerea, a major fruit pathogen that causes grey mold, is a limiting factor in strawberry preservation. Grey mold causes extensive losses and methods other than pesticides are favoured to control this disease. Fruit antioxidants protect tissues against stresses and participate in disease resistance. However, they cannot be used on their own as indicators of postharvest preservation: postharvest disease resistance can also be induced by specific antifungal molecules e.g. phenolic compounds, phytoalexins and proanthocyanidins. Strawberry proanthocyanidins (flavan-3-ol dimers and oligomers) may act both as antifungal compounds to extend shelf life, and as antioxidants to enhance quality preservation. The present study was initiated to determine whether proanthocyanidins can serve as biochemical markers of resistance to grey mold, and whether the level of these chemicals in strawberry cultivars correlates with maintenance of fruit quality and extension of shelf life. Proanthocyanidins (PA) were extracted from six strawberry genotypes and assessed for their ability to control germination and growth of Botrytis. Mycelium growth was determined on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Germination was evaluated in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) enriched with PA. A panel evaluated shelf-life (first mold appearance) and quality of the cultivars after 14 days of storage at 2°C. Strawberry proanthocyanidin extracts inhibited Botrytis development. Radial growth of the mycelium on PDA enriched with PA was significantly reduced (as much as 75% inhibition) and showed significant correlation with preservation of the cultivars. Germination and germ tube elongation were reduced in PA enriched PDB and multiple branching of hypha was observed. The results of this research suggest that proanthocyanidin content can be used as an indicator of grey mold resistance in order to screen strawberry selections and cultivars for improved shelf-life and quality.