Toxicity Studies of the Crude Aqueous Root Extract of Albizzia chevalieri Harms in Albino Rats (original) (raw)
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Toxicity Studies of the Crude Aqueous Root Extract of Albizzia chevalieri Harms in Albino Rats
Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2011
Aqueous root extract of Albizzia chevalieri has been reported to possess hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects. The current work investigated the LD 50 of the crude aqueous root extract of Albizzia chevalieri and the effect of sub-chronic doses of the extract on liver and kidney function parameters of albino rats. The results indicated LD 50 greater than 3000mg/kg body weight in albino rats observed for 72 hours. The result of the sub-chronic toxicity on liver function parameters showed significant (P<0.05) increase in serum total protein and globulin at doses greater than 2000mg//kg, which was reflected on the A:G ratio. Transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activities were also significantly (P<0.05) affected at doses greater than 2000mg/kg. Serum levels of urea were also increased significantly (P<0.05) but creatinine and uric acids were decreased significantly (P<0.05) at doses greater than 2000 mg/kg., Serum electrolytes were however not affected. The extract should therefore be use with care especially at doses greater than 2000 mg/kg.
Cameroon Journal of …, 2009
Aqueous leaf extract of Albizzia chevalieri and its fractions have been reported to possess significant hypoglycaemic effect. In the current work the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Albizzia chevalieri and the column chromatographic fractions, of the extract with hypoglycaemic effect, on serum lipid profile of alloxan induced diabetic rats were studied. The aqueous extract was fractionated with organic solvents and the fractions further fractionated using column chromatography. The results indicated that the aqueous leaf extract caused significant (P<0.05) decrease in triacylglycerol (14 %), LDLcholesterol (16 %), VLDL-cholesterol (19 %) and atherogenic index (45 %). The hexane fraction of the aqueous extract which was reported to possess significant hypoglycaemic effect caused significant reduction in serum total cholesterol (57 %), triacylglycerol (29 %), LDL-cholesterol (75 %), VLDL-cholesterol (67 %) and atherogenic index (72 %) in the rats. The second elution fraction of the hexane fraction from the column, which is dark brown in colour and was earlier reported to contain the hypoglycaemic agent also reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index by 66, 54, 78, 80 and 76 % respectively. These results may be indicative of the fact that the aqueous leaf extract of Albizzia chevalieri, in addition to it hypoglycaemic activity, also possesses significant hypolipidaemic effect. It may be worthwhile therefore to study the nature and mechanism of action(s) of the agent(s) responsible for the observed effects.
2009
Aqueous leaf extract of Albizzia chevalieri and its fractions have been reported to possess significant hypoglycaemic effect. In the current work the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Albizzia chevalieri and the column chromatographic fractions, of the extract with hypoglycaemic effect, on serum lipid profile of alloxan induced diabetic rats were studied. The aqueous extract was fractionated with organic solvents and the fractions further fractionated using column chromatography. The results indicated that the aqueous leaf extract caused significant (P<0.05) decrease in triacylglycerol (14 %), LDLcholesterol (16 %), VLDL-cholesterol (19 %) and atherogenic index (45 %). The hexane fraction of the aqueous extract which was reported to possess significant hypoglycaemic effect caused significant reduction in serum total cholesterol (57 %), triacylglycerol (29 %), LDL-cholesterol (75 %), VLDL-cholesterol (67 %) and atherogenic index (72 %) in the rats. The second elution fraction of the hexane fraction from the column, which is dark brown in colour and was earlier reported to contain the hypoglycaemic agent also reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index by 66, 54, 78, 80 and 76 % respectively. These results may be indicative of the fact that the aqueous leaf extract of Albizzia chevalieri, in addition to it hypoglycaemic activity, also possesses significant hypolipidaemic effect. It may be worthwhile therefore to study the nature and mechanism of action(s) of the agent(s) responsible for the observed effects.
Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2010
The research investigated the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of aqueous and organic solvents extracts of Albizzia chevalieri root in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous extract was administered at 100, 200 and 300mg/kg body weight while the organic solvent fractions of the aqueous extract were administered at 100mg/kg body weight. The 300mg/kg body weight of the aqueous crude extract caused a 24% reduction of serum glucose level of the diabetic rats. The chloroform and hexane fractions caused 25 and 24% reduction of serum glucose level of the diabetic rats. The results were comparable to 28% reduction obtained for treatment with 3.57mg/kg body weight of chlorpropamide. The petroleum ether fraction decreased serum total cholesterol, triaclglyceride, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly (P<0.05). chloroform fraction and last water extract fractions increased the high density lipoprotein cholesterol level of the diabetic rats. The results demonstrate that the aqueous root extracts of Albizzia chevalieri posses significant (P<0.05) hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The extract may be a potential source of lead compound(s) with anti-diabetic properties.
Pharmacognostic standardization and phytochemical screening of Albizzia lebbeck
2010
Pharmacognostical standardization and phytochemical screening of Albizzia lebbeck leaves were assessed. Transverse section of Albizzia lebbeck le aves shows an upper and lower single horizontal layered epidermis followed by spongy par enchyma on both lower and upper surfaces, parenchymatous cells are thin-walled with intercell ular space. Bundle sheath is present surrounding vascular bundle consist 8-10 layers of parenchymatous cells. Phytochemical screening of ethyl acetate, ethanolic and water mac eration extracts of leaves shows presence of different chemical constituents like alkaloids, tan nins, carbohydrates, flavanoids, proteins and Amino acids. Foaming index is less then 100 which i ndicate presence of saponins in leaves which finally proves by quantitative determination of total saponin 1.4% and total flavanoids 0.6%. Water soluble extractives are more then alcoh ol soluble extractives show more water soluble constituents in the leaves.
Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Aqueous Extract of Albizzia Lebbeck Benth. Leaves in Rats
To evaluate the Antiulcer activity of aqueous extract of Albizzia lebbeck .Benth leaves against Ethanol and Cysteamine HCL. induced Peptic Ulcer in rats. Antiulcer assays were performed using the protocols of ulcer induced by Ethanol and Cysteamine HCL. The aqueous extract of Albizzia lebbeck .Benth leaves were administered at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg.Omeprazole (20 mg/kg) was used as standard drug. Various parameters like ulcer index, SOD, MDA and CAT were also determined. Preliminary phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Saponins, Tannin, Phenolic compound and flavanoids. Pretreatment with omeprazole reduced the ulceration in ethanol and Cysteamine HCL induced models. AQAL at dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg inhibited ulcer formation in both models. However it was less compare to omeprazole. Oxidative stress marker (MDA) levels were found to be (11.45±0.241 mmole /gm of gastric tissue×10-4) in the ethanol control group, which decreased to (10.04±0.098 mmole /gm o...
Phyto-Pharmacological Profile of Albizzia lebbeck
2010
The plant Albizzia lebbeck Benth. [Mimosaceae] is reported to possess anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory, antifertility and anti-diarrhoeal properties. Albizzia lebbeck is an important source of chemicals of melacacidin, D-catechin, b-Sitosterol, Albiziahexoside, betulnic acids which are effective as antiseptic, anti-dysenteric, anti-tubercular and used in bronchitis, leprosy, paralysis, helmenth infection etc. Hence in view of immense medicinal importance of the plant this review is therefore an effort to compile all the information reported on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities. This information will be helpful to create interest towards the plant and may be useful in developing new formulations, which are more effective and have more therapeutic value.
THE PHENOLIC COMPOSITION OF THE HEPATOPROTECTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT FRACTIONS OFAlbizia lebbeckL
Química Nova, 2016
An investigation of the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of the chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of the leaves of Albizia lebbeck L. was performed. The first two fractions expressed the best results regarding the suppression of the increased levels of plasma amino-transferases and alkaline phosphatase in liver-damaged mice (after intoxication with CCl 4) compared with silymarin and the significantly increased GSH content of alloxan-induced diabetic rats compared with vitamin E (tests and reference drugs were orally administered). The bioactive fractions of Albizia lebbeck L. were subjected to chromatographic analysis to investigate their phenolic contents using a HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS technique in the negative ion mode. The results constitute the first report of the presence of seven compounds in the genus Albizia, three of which were identified as 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, cafeic acid, myricetin; four other flavonoids (in mg 100 g-1 dry powder ± SD), myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside (0.129 ± 0.0052), quercetin 3-O-dideoxypentoside (0.011 ± 0.001), kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (0.015 ± 0.002), quercetin 3-O-dihexoside (0.138 ± 0.002); quercetin 3-O-rutinoside at a level of 0.135 ± 0.004; and the aglycones quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol. Method validation was performed, providing an analytical technique that can be used to detect trace amounts of the identified compounds in Albizia extracts with rapid sample preparation.
Pharmacognositical and phytochemical analysis of stem bark of Albizzia lebbeck Benth
Albizzia lebbeck Benth. is one of the significant plant of Ayurveda, belongs to the family Fabaceae. Ethno medicinally A. lebbeck is claimed to be used in the management of leprosy, wound, asthama, urticaria, migraine, worm infection and others. The present study has been carried out to establish the stem bark of the plant for its morphological, microscopical and physicochemical characters along with different phytochemical qualitative tests, as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Microscopy of the stem bark showed dead tissue of rhytidoma, prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, and tangential bands of ceratenchyma. Physicochemical parameters showed loss on drying (7.15%w/w), ash value (4.05%w/w), acid insoluble ash (0.33%w/w), water soluble extractive (15.46%w/v) and alcohol soluble extractive (14.24%w/v). Preliminary phytochemical analysis for the presence of various functional groups revealed the presence of flavonoids, proteins, saponins, tannins and free amino acids. The observed data can be useful to identify and standardize of stem bark of Albizzia lebbeck Benth.
Effect of Acute Dose of Aloe vacillans Leaves Gel Extract on The Liver and Kidney in Adult Rats
Background: Aloes is a member of Liliaceae family which is commonly used as herbal medicine for several purposes. Aim: The present study was performed to determine the effect of acute doses of the aqueous extracts of Aloe vacillans leaves gel on the liver and kidney of adult rats. Methods: Eighteen rats with an average weight of 150-180g were assigned into 3 groups with six rats each. The first group served as control group and received distilled water orally, the second and third groups received a single dose of an aqueous extract of A. vacillans leaves orally 600 mg/kg bw & 1000 mg/kg bw, respectively. Results: The results showed that A. vacillans extracts caused; i) no significant differences in plasma level of GGT in all treated groups comparing to the control group, ii) a significant reduction in plasma levels of ALT, AST and ALP of treated groups following treatment of 600 & 1000 mg/kg bw of the extract, except that of ALT of low dose group which didn't show any significant difference when compared to the control group, iii) changes in liver and kidney tissues were observed. Following the higher dosage of A. vacillans extracts treatment indicating that the extraction induced liver and kidney injury when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The present study concluded that acute doses of aqueous A. vacillans extracts induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in adult rats. Hence, further study has to be carried out to detect the safe and appropriate doses of A vacillans leaves gel extract.