Aluminum Hydroxide Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

ABSTRACTHookworm glutathioneS-transferases (GSTs) are critical for parasite blood feeding and survival and represent potential targets for vaccination. Three cDNAs, each encoding a full-length GST protein from the human hookwormNecator americanus(and designatedNa-GST-1,Na-GST-2, andNa-GST-3, respectively) were isolated from cDNA based on their sequence similarity toAc-GST-1, a GST from the dog hookwormAncylostoma caninum. The open reading frames of the threeN. americanusGSTs each contain 206 amino acids with 51% to 69% sequence identity between each other andAc-GST-1. Sequence alignment with GSTs from other organisms shows that the threeNa-GSTs belong to a nematode-specific nu-class GST family. All threeNa-GSTs, when expressed inPichia pastoris, exhibited low lipid peroxidase and glutathione-conjugating enzymatic activities but high heme-binding capacities, and they may be involved in the detoxification and/or transport of heme. In two separate vaccine trials, recombinantNa-GST-1 fo...

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- Biology, Medicine, Gene expression, Biological Sciences
- by Fernando Cardoso Toset
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- Microbiology, Biology, Medicine, Biological Sciences
- by Fernando Cardoso Toset
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- Microbiology, Biology, Medicine, Oils

Twenty-Eighth International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management. Filadelfia, PA, USA

- by Isabel Padilla
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- Environmental Science, Waste Management, Hazardous Waste, Solar Energy
- by Les Baillie
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- Microbiology, Chromatography, Biology, Ion Chromatography
- by L. Soldati
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- Endocrinology, Genetics, Cardiology, Hematology
- by Ilma Araújo
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- Immunology, Immune response, Medical Microbiology, Biology

Fluoride-releasing restorative dental materials can be beneficial to remineralize dentin and help prevent secondary caries. However, the effects of fluoride release from dental materials on the activity of dental pulp stem cells are not known. Here we investigate whether different fluoride release kinetics from dental resins supplemented with modified hydrotalcite (RK-F10) or fluoride-glass filler (RK-FG10) could influence the behavior of a human dental pulp stem cell subpopulation (STRO-1+ cells) known for its ability to differentiate toward an odontoblast-like phenotype. The 2 resins, characterized by similar physicochemical properties and fluoride content, exhibited different long-term fluoride release kinetics. Our data demonstrate that long-term exposure of STRO-1+ cells to a continuous release of a low amount of fluoride by RK-F10 increases their migratory response to transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and stromal cell–derived factor 1 (SDF-1), both important promoters of ...

- by Vittoria Vittoria
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- Chemistry, Dentistry, Kinetics, Fluoride
- by Juergen Drewe
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- Chemistry, Drug interactions, Clinical Pharmacology, Humans
- by Gabriel Ovejero
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- Environmental Science, Catalysis, Water Pollution, Medicine

Far-infrared spectroscopy (FIR) has been used to distinguish alumina phases boehmite, diaspore, gibbsite and bayerite. The pellets of samples were prepared by mixing alumina phases with polyethylene at a ratio of 1:50, and the spectra were recorded between 50 and 400 cm(-1). The spectrum of boehmite resembles that of diaspore in the 300-400 cm(-1) region. Boehmite has two characteristic FIR bands at 366 and 323 cm(-1), while diaspore has five at 354, 331, 250, 199 and 158 cm(-1). The spectrum of gibbsite resembles that of bayerite in the 230-300 cm(-1) region. Gibbsite shows three characteristic FIR bands at 371, 279 and 246 cm(-1), whereas bayerite shows six at 383, 345, 326, 296, 252 and 62 cm(-1). The overlapping bands were resolved, and the spectra were manipulated appropriately using band analysis techniques. The FIR spectra are in harmony with the FT-Raman spectra. Far-infrared spectroscopy allows the study and differentiation of the stretching of AlO4 units to characterize these four alumina phases. Far-IR spectroscopy complements the mid-IR and near-IR for distinguishing alumina phases in bauxites.

- by J. THEO KLOPROGGE
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- Materials Science, Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Raman Spectroscopy
- by Michael Pride
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- Clostridium difficile, Medicine, Biological Sciences, Humans
- by Kasper Reitzel
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- Chemistry, Water, Environmental Chemistry, Medicine
- by Marina Kirkitadze
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- Chemistry, Medicine, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Manganese
- by Loredana Latterini
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- Chemistry, Photochemistry, Medicine, Differential scanning calorimetry
- by Andrés López
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- Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Raman Spectroscopy, Minerals
- by Kazutoyo Miura
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- Immunology, Biology, Malaria, Medicine

Inhibition of parasite growth is a major objective of blood-stage malaria vaccines. The in vitro assay of parasite growth inhibitory activity (GIA) is widely used as a surrogate marker for malaria vaccine efficacy in the down-selection of candidate blood-stage vaccines. Here we report the first study to examine the relationship between in vivo Plasmodium falciparum growth rates and in vitro GIA in humans experimentally infected with blood-stage malaria.

- by Kazutoyo Miura
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- Immunology, Clinical Trial, Biology, Malaria
- by Vinay Patel
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- Chemistry, Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry, Food Analysis
- by Om Kumar
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- Molecular Biology, Biology, Medicine, Gene expression
- by Diogenes Martinez
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- Engineering, Biotechnology, Biology, Medicine

The base‐catalysed reactions of OH‐bearing biobased derivatives (BBDs) including glycerol formal, solketal, glycerol carbonate, furfuryl alcohol and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol with non‐toxic dialkyl carbonates (dimethyl and diethyl carbonate) were explored under continuous‐flow (CF) conditions in the presence of three Na‐exchanged Y‐ and X‐faujasites (FAUs) and four Mg–Al hydrotalcites (HTs). Compared to previous etherification protocols mediated by dialkyl carbonates, the reported procedure offers substantial improvements not only in terms of (chemo)selectivity but also for the recyclability of the catalysts, workup, ease of product purification and, importantly, process intensification. Characterisation studies proved that both HT30 and KW2000 hydrotalcites acted as catalyst precursors: during the thermal activation pre‐treatments, the typical lamellar structure of the hydrotalcite was broken down gradually into a MgO‐like phase (periclase) or rather a magnesia–alumina solid solut...

- by pietro riello
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- Chemical Engineering, Materials Science, Chemistry, Catalysis
- by Elshaima Fawzi
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- Microbiology, Biology, Medicine, DNA

Nano-copper(0) stabilized on alumina prepared from Cu–Al hydrotalcite has been reported for completely regioselective synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted pyrroles from unactivated terminal aromatic/aliphatic alkynes and isocyanides.

- by Dharmendra Tiwari
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- Chemistry, Catalysis, Nanotechnology, Medicine
- by Mark Sobsey
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- Filtration, Multidisciplinary, Concentration, Water Supply
- by Sin Zhuan Lee
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- Inorganic Chemistry, Biology, Virology, Medicine

- by Pietro Riello
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- Chemical Engineering, Materials Science, Chemistry, Catalysis
- by Stanley Weber
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- Pharmacology, Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Kinetics
- by claudio adrian bernal
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- Chemistry, Risk assessment, Medicine, Antioxidants
- by Wendy Ramírez
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- Immunology, Immunotoxicology, Vaccines, Medicine
- by Rodrigo DeAntonio
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- Clinical Trial, Virology, Medicine, Immunogenicity

Subvisible particles in a therapeutic protein product may act as adjuvants to promote unwanted immune responses against the protein. Silicone oil is used as a lubricant in prefilled syringes, and microdroplets of silicone oil are often detected in protein formulations expelled from prefilled syringes. In order to test the adjuvant potency of silicone oil microdroplets, antibody responses in mice to subcutaneous injections of formulations of ovalbumin (OVA) that contained silicone oil microdroplets were measured. These responses were compared against responses to oil-free OVA formulations and to OVA formulations that contained microparticulate aluminum hydroxide ("alum"), the common vaccine adjuvant. When administered with high concentrations of silicone oil microdroplets, OVA formulations elicited strong anti-OVA IgG1 and IgG2a antibody responses. These responses were equivalent to those observed when alum microparticles were added to OVA formulations, suggesting that sili...

- by Carly Chisholm
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- Chemistry, Medicine, Mice, Pharmaceutical Sciences
- by Dr. Kailas Wasewar
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- Engineering, Chemistry, Medicine, Biological Sciences
- by Kwame Opoku Nyame
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- Immunology, Biology, Glycobiology, Biological Sciences
- by Joanne Barrett
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- Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Drug interactions, Enzyme Inhibitors
- by Joanne Barrett
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- Chemistry, Kinetics, Drug interactions, Enzyme Inhibitors

Potentiation of the antibody response to inactivated bovine viral diarrhea virus by immunological adjuvants was studied in guinea pigs and cattle. The inactivated bovine viral diarrhea virus alone was demonstrated to be a weak immunogen. Addition of either 2 mg per mL diethylaminoethyl-dextran or 5% alhydrogel to inactivated bovine viral diarrhea virus did not or only slightly stimulated the antibody response; the combined adjuvants induced a significantly higher titer. A higher concentration (20 mg per mL) of diethylaminoethyl-dextran, on the contrary, suppressed the immune potentiation by the dual adjuvants. Combination of Bordetella bronchiseptica and alhydrogel adjuvants stimulated a high titer of antibody. The titer was further elevated upon revaccination and was significantly higher than that induced by alhydrogel alone. In cattle, alhydrogel enhanced the immune response and the additional inclusion of diethylaminoethyl-dextran did not cause a significant potentiation of the i...

- by Charles Muscoplat
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- Biology, Virology, Medicine, Virus
- by Carlo Di Pietrantonj
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- Pain, Medical Microbiology, Adolescent, Medicine
- by Carlo Di Pietrantonj
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- Pain, Medical Microbiology, Adolescent, Medicine

Background Extensive genetic diversity in vaccine antigens may contribute to the lack of efficacy of blood stage malaria vaccines. Apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) is a leading blood stage malaria vaccine candidate with extreme diversity, potentially limiting its efficacy against infection and disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum parasites with diverse forms of AMA1. Methods Three hundred Malian children participated in a Phase 2 clinical trial of a bivalent malaria vaccine that found no protective efficacy. The vaccine consists of recombinant AMA1 based on the 3D7 and FVO strains of P. falciparum adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide (AMA1-C1). The gene encoding AMA1 was sequenced from P. falciparum infections experienced before and after immunization with the study vaccine or a control vaccine. Sequences of ama1 from infections in the malaria vaccine and control groups were compared with regard to similarity to the vaccine antigens using several measures of genetic diversity. Time...

- by Xin-zhuan Su
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- Clinical Trial, Medical Microbiology, Biology, Malaria
- by marcin leda
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- Chemistry, Medicine, Aluminum, Mixed Mode
- by marcin leda
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- Chemistry, Medicine, Aluminum, Mixed Mode
- by Nancy Agmon-Levin
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- Cognition, Autoimmunity, Anxiety, Antibodies
- by Nancy Agmon-Levin
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- Human, Humans, Autoimmune Disease, Autoimmune diseases
- by Mira Tonelli
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- Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Electrochemistry
- by David Narum
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- Biology, Membrane Proteins, Medicine, Biological Sciences

Successful efforts to control infectious diseases have often required the use of effective vaccines. The current global strategy for control of malaria, including elimination and eradication will also benefit from the development of an effective vaccine that interrupts malaria transmission. To this end, a vaccine that disrupts malaria transmission within the mosquito host has been investigated for several decades targeting a 25 kDa ookinete specific surface protein, identified as Pfs25. Phase 1 human trial results using a recombinant Pfs25H/Montanide ISA51 formulation demonstrated that human Pfs25 specific antibodies block parasite infectivity to mosquitoes; however, the extent of blocking was likely insufficient for an effective transmission blocking vaccine. To overcome the poor immunogenicity, processes to produce and characterize recombinant Pfs25H conjugated to a detoxified form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoprotein A (EPA) have been developed and used to manufacture a cGMP pilo...

- by David Narum
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- Biology, Malaria, Nanoparticle, Nanoparticles
- by Pontus Dunér
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- Chemistry, Immunology, Biology, Atherosclerosis
- by Jon Petter Gustafsson
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- Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Arsenic, Medicine

Adjuvant System 04 (AS04) combines the TLR4 agonist MPL (3-O-desacyl-4′-monophosphoryl lipid A) and aluminum salt. It is a new generation TLR-based adjuvant licensed for use in human vaccines. One of these vaccines, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine Cervarix, is used in this study to elucidate the mechanism of action of AS04 in human cells and in mice. The adjuvant activity of AS04 was found to be strictly dependent on AS04 and the HPV Ags being injected at the same i.m. site within 24 h of each other. During this period, AS04 transiently induced local NF-κB activity and cytokine production. This led to an increased number of activated Ag-loaded dendritic cells and monocytes in the lymph node draining the injection site, which further increased the activation of Ag-specific T cells. AS04 was also found to directly stimulate those APCs in vitro but not directly stimulate CD4+ T or B lymphocytes. These AS04-induced innate responses were primarily due to MPL. Aluminum salt appeare...

- by Nathalie Garcon
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- Immunology, Biology, Cytokines, Immunology of the Gut