Animal Testing Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- by John Parascandola
- •
- Physiology, Propaganda, Animal Welfare, Humans

This paper seeks, from the philosophy and modern science, showing how scientific research are conducted in the United States. In order to address this issue goes to understand the legal and moral status of animals in society. Animals are seen as a property in every country on Earth, available for any use that humans deem appropriate. To understand the current situation, the author proposes a look through the history.

- by Nuria Almiron and +2
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- Animal Ethics, Animal Testing Experiments, Alternatives to Laboratory Animal Use, Vivisection

Voilà mon mémoire de Master 2 qui poursuit mon travail en dignité et m'a valu la note de 17/20. J'y aborde les aspects philosophiques propres aux textes régissant l'expérimentation animale en Suisse et dans l'Union européenne et qui font appel à la notion de valeur ou dignité de la créature(animale). Je tente de démontrer que l'approche adoptée par les textes est fortement anthropocentriste dans la relative protection de l'animal que ces textes instituent. Les critiques de cette approche sont à la fois morales, philosophiques et juridiques.

- by Geoffrey Laforest
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- Animal Studies, Animal Law, Animal Testing Experiments, Dignity

The paper argues for and against animal testing.

- by Sumaiya Saif
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- Animal Testing Experiments, Animal Rights, Testing on Animals, Animal Testing

Stress is a state of mental illness that displayed as persistent sadness and lack of interest. Mental stress affects how the person feels, behaves, and thinks. Stress is the second highest causative of chronic condition such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and Parkinson's disease. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti stress activity of ethanolic extract of Parkia speciosa seeds against diverse stressor in albino mice. Animals were divided into four groups, consisting five mice in each group. Out of these, two groups served as control (distilled water and fluoxetine) and the other two groups received ethanolic extract of Parkia speciosa in two different doses (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg). All the drugs were administered orally approximately one hour before the procedure for acute study and daily for fourteen days for chronic study. Mice were subjected to forced swim (FST) and tail suspension tests (TST). The result was assessed by immobilization time in force swim test and tail suspension test, assessment of a number of biochemical parameters like glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides level, and by determining the weight of organ such as liver, heart, lung, kidney, and spleen. The test was run at a dose of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight per oral. It was found that ethanolic extract of Parkia speciosa seeds significantly reduce immobilization time during force swim test and tail suspension test. The extract also showed significant decrease in glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol level in treated group of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg Parkia speciosa extract compared to untreated stress induced group (control). Thus the obtained results revealed that the Parkia speciosa seeds has got significant anti stress activity.

- by Muhammad Mustaqim Syamil
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- Natural Products, Stress, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants

Bientôt à paraître dans une revue, j'analyse les différentes conceptions de l'animal qui se retrouve dans le droit encadrant son utilisation à des fins scientifiques. Des conceptions issues de la science, de la philosophie et de la société, qui dessinent un régime juridique de protection variable de l'animal et qui assurent surtout son instrumentalisation rationnelle.

- by Geoffrey Laforest
- •
- Animal Science, Philosophy Of Law, Animal Experimentation, Animal Testing
- by Nuria Almiron and +4
- •
- Animal Ethics, Animal Testing Experiments, Vivisection, Animal Experimentation

Zwischen Menschen und Tieren besteht ein ambivalentes Verhältnis. Die Grenzen zwischen Tierliebe auf der einen, Zwang und Gewalt auf der anderen Seite verschwimmen häufig. Frithjof Nungesser analysiert jene Praktiken im Umgang mit Tieren, die dem gewalttätigen Spektrum zuzurechnen sind. Er nimmt dabei zunächst unterschiedliche Funktionen in den Blick, die mit den Gewaltpraktiken an Tieren verbunden sind: die Nahrungs-, Material- und Wissensgewinnung. Des Weiteren werden Praktiken skizziert, in denen Gewalt primär Selbstzweck ist (z.B. Tierquälerei). Allein für Nahrungszwecke wurden im Jahr 2016 weltweit über 70 Milliarden Landwirbeltiere getötet – eine Zahl, die in der Öffentlichkeit kaum registriert wird. Der Beitrag diskutiert die Frage, warum wir von der hochgradig rationalisierten und technisierten Massengewalt an Tieren so gut wie nichts mitbekommen. Zudem werden die ökologischen, sozialen und gesellschaftlichen Folgen erörtert, die mitsamt der Gewalt aus der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung verdrängt werden.

- by Frithjof Nungesser
- •
- Sociology, Human-Animal Relations, Violence, leather Industry

The paper argues that animal experimentation in Indian laboratories needs to be seen within a context in which Indian animals became subjects and resources of the British Empire. The process was a complex one, since debates about animal experimentation in Indian laboratories were shaped both by late Victorian moralities and by Hindu animal
sensibilities growing around the contemporary Cow Protection movement. British
attitudes towards the local animal population in India reflected their attitudes to the
local human population; a mixture of romanticism and authoritarianism. Animal
experimentation was legitimized and legalized in colonial India through processes
by which the British assumed moral and political agency, by designating Indians
as cruel and childlike.

- by Pratik Chakrabarti
- •
- Animal Studies, Bacteriology, Human-Nonhuman Assemblages, Vivisection

"Economics" of animal experimentation_______________The economy based on animal use and exploitation is very large. It is a gigantic sector that grows with intertwined, connected sectors, and these sectors make up a large part of the economy. In this gigantic "industry", the place of animal experimentation is not underestimated. In this article, this aspect of the problem will be addressed.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Özet Hayvan kullanımına ve sömürüsüne dayanan ekonominin boyutları çok büyük. İç içe geçmiş, birbirine bağlı yan sektörlerle büyüyen dev bir sektör söz konusu ve bu sektörler, ekonomilerin büyük bir bölümünü oluşturuyor. Bu dev "sanayi"de ise hayvan deneylerinin yeri hiç de azımsanmayacak bir büyüklükte. Bu yazıda, sorunun bu yönü ele alınacaktır.

- by Nuray Tekin
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- Animal Ethics, Animal Rights/Liberation, Animal Experimentation, Animal Testing
- by Jerome Kassirer
- •
- Expert testimony, Judgment, United States, JAMA
- by Dick Sijm
- •
- Environmental Monitoring, Animal Welfare, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences
- by Aldea Anisyafera Novidayanti
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- Biology, Biologi, Laboratorium, Biomedis
- by Nuria Almiron and +2
- •
- Animal Ethics, Animal Testing Experiments, Vivisection, Animal Experimentation

In 1952, the University of Michigan physiologist Robert Gesell shocked his colleagues at the business meeting of the American Physiological Society by reading a prepared statement in which he claimed that some of the animal experimentation being carried out by scientists was inhumane. He especially attacked the National Society for Medical Research (NSMR), an organization that had been founded to defend animal experimentation. This incident was part of a broader struggle taking place at the time between scientists and animal welfare advocates with respect to what restrictions, if any, should be placed on animal research. A particularly controversial issue was whether or not pound animals should be made available to laboratories for research. Two of the prominent players in this controversy were the NSMR and the Animal Welfare Institute, founded and run by Gesell's daughter, Christine Stevens. This article focuses on the interaction between these two organizations within the broader context of the debate over animal experimentation in the mid-twentieth century.

- by John Parascandola
- •
- Physiology, Propaganda, Animal Welfare, Humans
- by Gavin Maxwell
- •
- Genomics, European Union, Dendritic Cells, In Vitro

The international debate on animal testing, its improvement through the well known "3Rs" methodology, and the possibility of its replacement with the emergent NATs (Non-Animal Technologies) brought into the new millennium a turn. Nations as U.S.A. and U.K., and partly international bodies as the EU. seem be doing a renewed effort to diminish and possibly replace animal testing with more reliable and less invasive techniques, to which also the giants of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry seem very interested.

- by Marco Celentano
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- Ethics, Genetic Toxicology, Medical Ethics, Alternative Methods to Animal Testing
- by Rohan Shirwaiker
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- Biomedical, Antimicrobial, Animal Testing
- by Cinzia Piciocchi
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- Biolaw, Freedom of scientific research, Animal Testing

Systemic toxicity testing forms the cornerstone for the safety evaluation of substances. Pressures to move from traditional animal models to novel technologies arise from various concerns, including: the need to evaluate large numbers of previously untested chemicals and new products (such as nanoparticles or cell therapies), the limited predictivity of traditional tests for human health effects, duration and costs of current approaches, and animal welfare considerations. The latter holds especially true in the context of the scheduled 2013 marketing ban on cosmetic ingredients tested for systemic toxicity. Based on a major analysis of the status of alternative methods (Adler et al., 2011) and its independent review (Hartung et al., 2011), the present report proposes a roadmap for how to overcome the acknowledged scientific gaps for the full replacement of systemic toxicity testing using animals. Five whitepapers were commissioned addressing toxicokinetics, skin sensitization, repea...

- by Gavin Maxwell
- •
- Animal Welfare, Europe, Text, Animal Experimentation

Animal research or animal testing is done worldwide, where vertebrate animals, from zebrafish to non-human primates, millions in number are used annually. The practice is regulated to various degrees in different countries. Scientists and science authorities still have their arguments to justify animal testing. However, dialogues and protests are also evident against it. Awareness and campaign in recent years has made scientists and governments make statement that animal testing should cause as little suffering to animals as possible and that animal tests should only be performed where necessary. We should also look into the matter deeply and compassionately. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v4i3.17373 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2013; 4(3):11-18

- by SALMAN ALAM
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- Bioethics, Animal Ethics, Medicine, Care

- by John Parascandola
- •
- Physiology, Propaganda, Animal Welfare, Humans

This paper outlines the research, prevalidation and validation activities that ECVAM has undertaken in collaboration with its partners in the field of topical toxicity testing and human volunteer studies, from its creation until now... more

- by Valérie Zuang
- •
- European Union, In Vitro, Humans, Toxicity
- by J. Fentem
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- Prediction, Regulation, In Vitro, Toxicity
- by Imelda Espiritu
- •
- Animal Studies, Cancer, Aerosols, Dexamethasone
- by Ipsita Roy
- •
- Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Tissue Engineering, Medicine
- by Jos Maessen
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- Animal Studies, Treatment, Comparative Study, Propulsion
- by Sara Schroter
- •
- Ophthalmology, Sports Medicine, Epidemiology, Injury Prevention
- by Lisa Kemmerer
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- Animal Ethics, Animal Testing