Anti Inflammatory Activity Research Papers (original) (raw)

Check the properties attributed to medicinal plants is of vital importance as an alternative in the medical therapy and as a source of development of new drugs. Medicinal plants offer a path with great possibilities, an encouraging... more

Check the properties attributed to medicinal plants is of vital importance as an alternative in the medical therapy and as a source of development of new drugs. Medicinal plants offer a path with great possibilities, an encouraging alternative for the control of various diseases in man. Mangroves are a resource of great significance for Cuba and the world, mangrove vegetation is represented in this country for four tree species, where Rhizophora mangle L. also known as red mangrove, is now the dominant species. Due to the pharmacological results found in this species as healing, antiseptic, antimicrobial, anti-ulcer, treatment of open wounds, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, insecticide, larvicide among others; it could be an important source of new products aimed at solving health problems of great current relevance, but using this species for drug development has been limited by the damage it can cause to the ecosystem over-exploitation of mangroves. The objective of...

For reducing the gastrointestinal toxicity associated with ibuprofen its carboxylic group was condensed with the hydroxyl group of 1,2,3-trihydroxy propane 1,3-dipalmitate/stearate to give the ester prodrugs 3a and 3b. The release of... more

For reducing the gastrointestinal toxicity associated with ibuprofen its carboxylic group was condensed with the hydroxyl group of 1,2,3-trihydroxy propane 1,3-dipalmitate/stearate to give the ester prodrugs 3a and 3b. The release of ibuprofen from these prodrugs has been studied at pH 3, 4, 5 and 7.4 by HPLC using methanol and 0.05% phosphoric acid (80%) (70:30) as mobile phase. The prodrugs showed insignificant hydrolysis at pH 5 compared to pH 7.4 indicating that the prodrugs do not break in stomach but release ibuprofen at pH 7.4 in adequate amounts. In vivo hydrolysis studies in rats, the peak plasma concentration of ibuprofen was attained in 1.5 h in case of ibuprofen and in 2 h in prodrugs treated animals. The plasma concentration was found to be less at all times in animals treated with ibuprofen compared to the prodrugs treated animals. The maximum anti-inflammatory activity of ibuprofen was observed at 2 h whereas prodrugs showed maximum activity at 3 h and remained practically constant upto 8 h whereas a decrease in activity was observed with free ibuprofen. Further the prodrugs showed less gastric ulcers compared to ibuprofen. An average score of 0.16, 0.45, 0.97 and 0.20, 0.76, 1.02 of ulcers was observed with 3a and 3b compared to an average score of 0.75, 1.10, and 2.97 with ibuprofen. These prodrugs also showed significant protection against acetic acid induced writhings in rats. These finding suggested that both the prodrugs are better in action as compared to the parent drug and are advantageous in having less gastrointestinal side effects.

In an effort to synthesize a new fluorinated chalcone derivative with potent anti-inflammatory activity, Claisen-Schmidt condensation method was followed using SOCl2/ETOH as a catalyst to synthesize... more

In an effort to synthesize a new fluorinated chalcone derivative with potent anti-inflammatory activity, Claisen-Schmidt condensation method was followed using SOCl2/ETOH as a catalyst to synthesize (E)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one with excellent yield. The structure of the synthesized compound has been characterized by TLC, melting point, UV, and IR Spectroscopy, and elemental microanalysis (CHNO). This compound has been evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats as a model, and found comparable to dexamethasone in this regard.

Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum Retzius) is an ericaceae widely distributed in North America. The leaves and twigs were used in Native American traditional medicine to treat several inflammatory pathologies such as asthma, rheumatisms... more

Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum Retzius) is an ericaceae widely distributed in North America. The leaves and twigs were used in Native American traditional medicine to treat several inflammatory pathologies such as asthma, rheumatisms and burns. Reactive oxygen species as well as reactive nitrogen species such as nitric oxide (NO) contribute significantly to these pathologies. In this study, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory

The volatile oil of the wood of Cedrus deodara (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant inhibition of compound 48/80 and nystatin-induced rat paw edema. It also inhibited heat- as well as hypotonic solution-induced haemolysis of... more

The volatile oil of the wood of Cedrus deodara (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant inhibition of compound 48/80 and nystatin-induced rat paw edema. It also inhibited heat- as well as hypotonic solution-induced haemolysis of erythrocytes in vitro. The anti-inflammatory activity of the oil could be due to its membrane stabilizing action.

Background: In some of the inflammatory disorders, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), non-allergic rhinitis (NAR), or allergic rhinitis (AR), environmental agents can incite or exacerbate the symptoms of each disease. The aim of the... more

Background: In some of the inflammatory disorders, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), non-allergic rhinitis (NAR), or
allergic rhinitis (AR), environmental agents can incite or exacerbate the symptoms of each disease. The aim of the study
was to investigate the relationship of chemical intolerance in the nasal inflammatory disorders using QEESIⓒ.
Methods and Findings: Subjects were 261 outpatients who presented themselves for rhinologic evaluation. Subjects
completed the QEESIⓒ (Korean version) during the first visit. The prevalence rate of the very suggestive scores in all the
rhinologic disease cases overall and CRS, NAR, and AR cases was examined and compared between each disease group.
We compared the chief complaint and ARIA classification of AR with the degree of suggestive chemical intolerance. Of
261 patients, 45 patients (17.24%) were categorized into very suggestive of risk of chemical intolerance. The prevalence
rate of very suggestive was higher in female (16.33%) than in male (9.82%). Among the CRS, NAR and AR groups, the
number of very suggestive cases were 17 (18.47%), 4 (15.38%), and 11 (13.25) respectively and a statistical difference was
not observed between each group (P>.05). When we compared the chief complaint according to the degree of severity,
rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction was the chief complaint in the cases of very suggestive scores.
Conclusions: We suggest that control of chemical intolerance can be helpful to treat nasal inflammatory disorders and
QEESIⓒ may be useful questionnaire for the screening of chemical intolerance in the nasal inflammatory disorders.

Inflammation is a normal protective response to tissue damage mediated by Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. Cyclooxygenase enzymes are responsible for the production of prostaglandins. Increasing incidence and impact of inflammatory... more

Inflammation is a normal protective response to tissue damage mediated by Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. Cyclooxygenase enzymes are responsible for the production of prostaglandins. Increasing incidence and impact of inflammatory diseases have encouraged the search for new pharmacological strategies to face them. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has been traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, thus giving scope for anti-inflammatory studies. The aim of the present investigation to determine the anti-inflammatory activity and inhibitory effect on COX-2 enzyme of the ethanol extract of pomegranate rind (EEPR). The animals used in this study were male white rats which were divided into six groups, dose 20 mg/kg BW, dose 40 mg/kg BW, dose 80 mg/kg BW, positive control, negative control, and normal control. Determining of anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by inducing the soles of the rats with carrageenan and then measuring the edema volume using a plethysmometer and COX-2 inhibition is determined spectrophotometrically in a Microplate Reader. The results showed that EEPR (20 mg/kg BW and 40 mg/kg BW, and 80 mg/kg BW) had an inhibitory effect against prostaglandin synthesis by COX-2 and anti-inflammatory activity. These findings suggest that EEPR possesses promising anti-inflammatory activity, which is possibly mediated through inhibition COX-2 enzymes.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Swiss Company SIRT 500 Sagl has signed a study and research contract with San Raffaele Roma Open University concerning its proprietary Patent related to Sirtuin Activators. A detailed description related to the... more

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Swiss Company SIRT 500 Sagl has signed a study and research contract with San Raffaele Roma Open University concerning its proprietary Patent related to Sirtuin Activators. A detailed description related to the mechanisms regulated by such compounds, the results obtained to date and those to be performed on the activators of Sirtuins, will be described in the following paragraphs. Briefly, Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent class III histone deacetylase (HDAC). Seven members of this family exist that besides their multiple functions, regulate several metabolic processes in different tissues. Studies on Sirtuin activators were accomplished during the past 2 decades and the results were outstanding. In order to confirm in a proprietary way the past researches, Sirt 500 Sagl has hired a highly skilled Team of Researchers led by Prof. David Della Morte, which conducted and will conduct the research concerning its patented Sirtuin activators. The team has already performed a number of tests concerning various properties of the Sirtuin Activators which are the object of the Sirt 500 Sagl Patent. In particular, the Team has already performed the following research and experiments: 1. human hepatocyte carcinoma HepG2 cell were treated with the compound given by Sirt 500 Sagl, called A5, for 24 hours. Then, a nuclear fraction was performed to specifically evaluate nuclear sirtuin levels with particular attention to SIRT1. The results showed a significant increase in SIRT1 activity following A5 administration for 24 hours, further confirming that these compounds can be considered SIRT1 activators; 2. human hepatocyte carcinoma HepG2 cell were treated with A5 for 24 hours and then senescent phenotype was induced by doxorubicin administration. The team observed a significant reduction in the senescent phenotype induced by doxorubicin in human hepatocyte carcinoma HepG2 cell, suggesting a reverse-aging effect of A5 compound; 3. murine insulinoma beta cell line was treated with A5 for 15 minutes (in order to resemble the early phase of insulin secretion) in a glucose-free medium. The results revealed an enhanced insulin secretion following A5 administration, suggesting an insulin-secretagogue effect of A5;

This work describes recent results from our research program aiming at the synthesis and evaluation of new compounds acting as potential anti-inflammatory drugs. A series of novel acyl-hydrazones bearing 2-aryl-thiazole moiety were... more

This work describes recent results from our research program aiming at the synthesis and evaluation of new compounds acting as potential anti-inflammatory drugs. A series of novel acyl-hydrazones bearing 2-aryl-thiazole moiety were synthesized by the condensation between derivatives of 4-[2-(4-methyl-2-phenyl-thiazole-5-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy]-benzaldehyde and 2, 3 or 4-(2-aryl-thiazol-4-ylmethoxy)-benzaldehyde, respectively and different carboxylic acid hydrazides. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were established by the combined use of IR, (1)H NMR, mass spectral data and elemental analysis. These compounds were tested in vivo for their anti-inflammatory activity, in an acute experimental inflammation. The acute phase bone marrow response, phagocytes' activity and NO synthesis were evaluated. Compounds 10, 15, 17, 18 and 22 reduced the absolute leukocytes count due to the lower neutrophils percentage. Phagocitary index was decreased by all the compounds. Seven of them r...

Objective: This paper intends to evaluate inflammatory proteins and hematological factors concurrently blood obtained during the cupping and with the venous blood. Methods: About 30 samples of 10 men participated in this... more

Objective: This paper intends to evaluate inflammatory proteins and
hematological factors concurrently blood obtained during the
cupping and with the venous blood.
Methods: About 30 samples of 10 men participated in this clinical
evaluative study aged between 23 and 58 years. The hematological
factors were evaluated by by KX-. Cytokines (IL-10) & hs-CRP were
measured by a sensitive sandwich ELISA kit.
Results: Analysis of the results showed a significant difference in
many of the inflammatory proteins, hematological factors between
the venous blood and the cupping blood.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the comparison between venous
blood and cupping blood, the cupping blood is different, both in
components and immunologic response.

Willow herb tea or preparation are available and relatively popular in the European market, and claimed to be effective inter alia because of their anti-inflammatory activity. The present study is therefore aimed at comparing the... more

Willow herb tea or preparation are available and relatively popular in the European market, and claimed to be effective inter alia because of their anti-inflammatory activity. The present study is therefore aimed at comparing the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of extracts of the three most popular Epilobium species (E. angustifolium, E. hirsutum and E. parviflorum) and at juxtaposing this activity against the dominating compounds from the following extracts: oenothein B (OeB), quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts has shown that OeB quantities vary between 20% and 35%, while flavonoids content does not exceed 2%. All extracts have inhibited the activity of hyaluronidase and lipoxygenase with IC50 around 5 μg/ml and 25 μg/ml. The inhibition of hyaluronidase is related with the presence of OeB, a strong inhibitor of this enzyme (IC50 1.1 μM). Additionally, the extracts inhibited myeloperoxidase (MPO) release from stimulated neutrophils. OeB inhibited MPO release similarly to the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin with IC50 7.7 μM and 15.4 μM, respectively. Tested extracts significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from f-MLP and PMA induced neutrophils with IC50 5 μg/ml and 25 μg/ml, respectively. The flavonoids content seems to exert little influence on extracts’ activity, contrary to OeB, whose high concentration explains the activity of extract obtained from Epilobium. Tested currently marketed Epilobium preparations are often wrongly assigned, but we should stress that the level of OeB in all tested herbs was high and always exceeded 2% in raw material.

Jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link 1822) Schneider 1907] is an arid perennial shrub grown in several American and African countries. Jojoba seeds, which are rich in liquid wax, were used in folk medicine for diverse ailments. In the... more

Jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link 1822) Schneider 1907] is an arid perennial shrub grown in several American and African countries. Jojoba seeds, which are rich in liquid wax, were used in folk medicine for diverse ailments. In the current study, the potential anti-inflammatory activity of jojoba liquid wax (JLW) was evaluated in a number of experimental models. Results showed that JLW caused reduction of carrageenin-induced rat paw oedema in addition to diminishing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level in the inflammatory exudates. In a test for anti-inflammatory potential utilizing the chick’s embryo chroioallantoic membrane (CAM), JLW also caused significant lowering of granulation tissue formation. Topical application of JLW reduced ear oedema induced by croton oil in rats. In the same animal model, JLW also reduced neutrophil infiltration, as indicated by decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. In addition, JLW ameliorated histopathological changes affected by croton oil application. In the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in air pouch in rats, JLW reduced nitric oxide (NO) level and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of JLW in combating inflammation in several experimental models. Further investigations are needed to identify the active constituents responsible for the anti-inflammatory property of JLW.

Background: Pleurotus giganteus (Berk. Karunarathna and K.D. Hyde), has been used as a culinary mushroom and is known to have medicinal properties but its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent to mitigate inflammation triggered diseases... more

Background: Pleurotus giganteus (Berk. Karunarathna and K.D. Hyde), has been used as a culinary mushroom and is known to have medicinal properties but its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent to mitigate inflammation triggered diseases is untapped. In this study, the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effect of ethanol extract of P. giganteus (EPG) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and combination of LPS and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2)-induced inflammation on RAW 264.7 macrophages was investigated.

The study highlights the corrosion behavior of untreated and treated tantalum with addition of trimanganese tetraoxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles in simulated inflammatory media. The anodic layer was produced on pure tantalum by anodization in... more

The study highlights the corrosion behavior of untreated and treated tantalum with addition of trimanganese tetraoxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles in simulated inflammatory media. The anodic layer was produced on pure tantalum by anodization in electrolytes composed of ammonium fluoride, ethylene glycol, and water. Nanoparticles were deposited uniformly on the surface of the anodized tantalum with the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. The results revealed that the anodic/EPD coating possessed more compact microstructure and higher bond strength than the anodic coating. Simulated inflammatory medium was based on phosphatebuffered saline with additions of H2O2 and HCl. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies showed that the anodic and Mn3O4 layers protected the tantalum from corroding in an acidic inflammatory condition. Finally, the corrosion protection mechanism of Mn3O4 NPs in inflammatory condition was presented.

Betulin (lup-20(29)-ene-3beta,28-diol) is an abundant naturally occurring triterpene and it is found predominantly in bushes and trees forming the principal extractive (up to 30% of dry weight) of the bark of birch trees. Presently, there... more

Betulin (lup-20(29)-ene-3beta,28-diol) is an abundant naturally occurring triterpene and it is found predominantly in bushes and trees forming the principal extractive (up to 30% of dry weight) of the bark of birch trees. Presently, there is no significant use for this easily isolable compound, which makes it a potentially important raw material for polymers and a precursor of biologically active compounds. Betulin can be easily converted to betulinic acid, which possesses a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities. Betulinic acid has antimalarial and anti-inflammatory activities. Betulinic acid and its derivatives have especially shown anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity against a variety of tumor cell lines comparable to some clinically used drugs. A new mechanism of action has been confirmed for some of the most promising anti-HIV derivatives, which makes them potentially useful additives to the current anti-HIV therapy. Betulinic acid is specifically cytotoxic to several tumor cell lines by inducing apoptosis in cells. Moreover, it is non-toxic up to 500 mg/kg body weight in mice. The literature concerning derivatization of betulin for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and its pharmacological properties is reviewed.

Ficus carica Linn. (Moraceae) is commonly known as edible fig. The leaves, roots, fruits and latex of the plant are medicinally used in different diseases. The leaves are claimed to be effective in various inflammatory conditions like... more

Ficus carica Linn. (Moraceae) is commonly known as edible fig. The leaves, roots, fruits and latex of the plant are medicinally used in different diseases. The leaves are claimed to be effective in various inflammatory conditions like painful or swollen piles, insect sting and bites. However, there has been no report on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of F. carica leaves. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of F. carica leaves. Our study validated the traditional claim with pharmacological data. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of the drug could be due to the presence of steroids and flavanoids, respectively, which are reported to be present in the drug. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of the drug could be due to its free radical scavenging activity. Further work is also required to isolate and characterise the active constituents responsible for the anti-inflammatory activities.

We assessed in vivo the anti-inflammatory activity of two Cat's claw bark extracts, by comparing a spray-dried hydroalcoholic extract against an aqueous freeze-dried extract, to determine which extract was more effective. We used the... more

We assessed in vivo the anti-inflammatory activity of two Cat's claw bark extracts, by comparing a spray-dried hydroalcoholic extract against an aqueous freeze-dried extract, to determine which extract was more effective. We used the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in mice. In addition, to assess the molecular mechanism of action, we determined the inhibition of NF-κB through the Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and the effects on cycloxygenase-1 and -2. Results showed that the anti-inflammatory activity was significantly higher using the hydroalcoholic compared with the aqueous extract (P<0.05). The extracts also showed little inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenase-1 and -2. It cannot be excluded that the slight inhibitory activity on DNA binding of NF-κB is due to cytotoxic effects.

The studies on metabolic compound of Andrographis paniculata shows that it possess potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. The aqueous extract of leaf samples was qualitatively analyzed for the presence of phytochemicals... more

The studies on metabolic compound of Andrographis paniculata shows that it possess potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. The aqueous extract of leaf samples was qualitatively analyzed for the presence of phytochemicals and it was conformed that the plant extract contain metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, aminoacids. The plant extract showed potential antibacterial activity. The chromatographical nalysis revealed the presence of possible metabolites. The purified active compounds through TLC and crude plant extract were subjected to analyze the anti-inflammatory activity and shows potent inhibitory activity against the adverse effects of the inflammation such as tissue damage and protein denaturation.