Artificial Diet Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Three laboratory experiments were conducted at the University of Zimbabwe to determine if the native ladybird beetles found in the Department of Crop Science field plots can survive on possible alternative diets of bee pollen, dried... more

Three laboratory experiments were conducted at the University of Zimbabwe to determine if the native ladybird beetles found in the Department of Crop Science field plots can survive on possible alternative diets of bee pollen, dried ground chicken liver and shredded tuna for consideration in mass laboratory rearing. The native species investigated were Cheilonomes geisha, C. sulphurea, C. lunata and Hippodamia variegata. The fourth experiment was to evaluate feeding behaviour of the beetles on Cowpea aphids, Aphis craccivora and to identify the particular species effectively feeding on the aphids. All the experiments had three treatments which were the three species of ladybird beetles with blocking by day for each day the experiment was conducted. A feeding sample of 30mg of the food source was presented to individual beetles in petri dish and weight changes measured after two hours. The feeding samples of a particular treatment were then averaged as per each day the experiment was conducted. The experiments on alternative food diets showed they could not sustain the beetles as there was no significance. There was significance (P = 0.008) for the experiment on aphids, and the box plot showed C. lunata to be the most effective aphids consumer. Results suggest that, although an alternative diet for mass laboratory rearing of the beetles was not found, C. lunata was the most suitable biological control agent for A. craccivora. There is need for further research on possible alternative diets for cost effective mass laboratory rearing of C. lunata for sustainable control of A. craccivora.

Özet: Farkli tank tiplerinin levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) larvasinin büyüme ve yaşama oranlari üzerine etkileri. Bu çalişmada, farkli tank tiplerinin levrek larvasi yaşama, gelişim ve büyüme oranlari üzerindeki etkileri... more

Özet: Farkli tank tiplerinin levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) larvasinin büyüme ve yaşama oranlari üzerine etkileri. Bu çalişmada, farkli tank tiplerinin levrek larvasi yaşama, gelişim ve büyüme oranlari üzerindeki etkileri araştirilmiştir. Bunun için, yaygin olarak kullanilan farkli şekil, hacim, derinlik ve yüzey alanina sahip 3 farkli tipte (sirasiyla A, B ve C) larva tanki kullanilmiştir. Her tank tipi için iki tekrar gerçekleştirilmiş olup, her bir tanka 100 g/m³ oraninda yumurta stoklanmiştir. Yumurtadan çikiştan sonra, larval yetiştiricilik ayni tanklarda intensif akişkanli su yöntemi ile 60. güne kadar sürdürülmüştür. Ayrica 60. günde, hava keseli ve hava kesesiz tüm larvalar sayilmiş ve her bir tanktan rasgele seçilen 100 larvanin yaş ağirliği ve total boyu ölçülmüştür. C tanklarindaki larvalarin yaşama orani hem A hem de B tanklarindaki larvalarin yaşama oranindan daha yüksek olmuştur (p<0.05). Yaşama oranlarina benzer şekilde, C tanklarindaki larvalarin hava kese...

The bethylid wasps Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem and Prorops nasuta Waterston are parasitoids of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), the most serious insect pest of coffee worldwide. Recent studies on the host... more

The bethylid wasps Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem and Prorops nasuta Waterston are parasitoids of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), the most serious insect pest of coffee worldwide. Recent studies on the host location behaviour of these parasitoids have shown that females are attracted to volatile compounds released by immature stages and dust/frass of H. hampei. Also, these studies have reported that the locomotory behaviour of parasitoids is influenced by contact chemical cues from host dust/frass. In this study, we investigated the responses of females of both species to volatiles and contact cues from dust/frass from different sources. Volatiles from dust/frass from H. hampei-infested coffee and maize infested with Sitophilus sp were attractive to P. nasuta females. In contrast, C. stephanoderis females were only attracted to the volatiles from dust/frass from H. hampei-infested coffee. Volatiles from an artificial diet used for rearing H. hampei were not attractive to females of both species. The effect of methanolic extracts from dust/frass from different sources on the patch-searching time of parasitoids was analysed using the Ethovision software. P. nasuta females spent more time in the patches treated with extracts of dust/frass from H. hampei-infested berries, artificial diet, and from maize infested with Sitophilus sp than on patches treated with dry coffee extract or solvent control. C. stephanoderis females spent more time on patches treated with dust/frass extracts from H. hampei-infested berries and artificial diet than on patches treated with an extract of dust/frass from maize infested with Sitophilus sp, an extract of dry coffee, and methanol control.

Ceratitis capitata is one of the most important pests of fruits for exportation, and Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been the most efficient and environmental friendly technique used to control fruit fly populations around the world. A... more

Ceratitis capitata is one of the most important pests of fruits for exportation, and Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been the most efficient and environmental friendly technique used to control fruit fly populations around the world. A key goal in achieving a successful SIT program is a mass rearing system producing high quality insects at low cost. Providing adults with an artificial diet containing hydrolysed protein has been the major obstacle for bio-production facilities in Brazil, because it is expensive and has to be imported. Two other commercial products, autolysed yeast (AY) and yeast extract (YE), of domestic origin and low cost, were tested as substitutes of the imported hydrolyzed protein. To compare their efficiency we observed the female fecundity, adult survival and egg viability of flies raised on diets containing one of each of the different protein products. Flies reared on the domestic yeast products had equivalent or superior performance to the flies reared on imported protein. Both AY and YE can be a possible substitute for imported hydrolyzed protein for C. capitata mass-rearing, as they are cheaper and are readily available in the national market.

An experiment on culture of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) in cemented tanks using different protein level diets was conducted to find the appropriate feeding diets and their effects on the growth, survival and biomass of 15-days old... more

An experiment on culture of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) in cemented tanks using different protein level diets was conducted to find the appropriate feeding diets and their effects on the growth, survival and biomass of 15-days old fry of Anabas testudineus in intensive culture . The experiment was carried out for duration of 60 days with 4 treatments in 8

In recent years, different classes of proteins have been reported to promote toxic effects when ingested. Type-2 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are a group of chimeric proteins built up of an A-chain with RNA N-glycosidase activity... more

In recent years, different classes of proteins have been reported to promote toxic effects when ingested. Type-2 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are a group of chimeric proteins built up of an A-chain with RNA N-glycosidase activity and a B-chain with lectin activity. These proteins are thought to play a role in plant protection. Sambucus nigra agglutinin I (SNA-I) is a type-2 RIP, isolated from the bark of elderberry (S. nigra L.). This study demonstrated the insecticidal potency of SNA-I on two Hemipteran insect species using two different methods. An artificial diet supplemented with different concentrations of the purified RIP reduced survival and fecundity of pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum. In addition, feeding of tobacco aphids, Myzus nicotianae, on leaves from transfected plants constitutively expressing SNA-I, resulted in a delayed development and reduced adult survival and also the fertility parameters of the surviving aphids were reduced, suggesting that a population...