Binge-eating Disorders Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Background: Sufferers from bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) underestimate the severity risk of their illness and, therefore, postpone seeking professional help for years. Moreover, less than one in five actually seek professional help and only 50% respond to current treatments, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The impetus for the present trial is to explore a novel combination treatment approach adapted from physical exercise-and dietary therapy (PED-t). The therapeutic underpinnings of these separate treatment components are well-known, but their combination to treat BN and BED have never been previously tested. The purpose of this paper is to provide the rationale for this new treatment approach and to outline the specific methods and procedures.

- by and +2
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- Nutrition and Dietetics, Binge-eating Disorders, Bulimia Nervosa, Exercise and physical activity for health
- by Angela Willemse
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- Serious Games, Sociology of Food and Eating, Eating Disorders, Video Games

Low body mass index (BMI<18/18.5) is utilized as a mandated cutoff for professional fashion model employment, based on assumptions that low BMI indicates eating disorder pathology. No previous studies have examined the association between experimenter-measured BMI and eating disorder symptomatology in professional fashion models. We measured BMI and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) responses in United Kingdom (UK) professional fashion models, and nonmodels. Characteristics were compared using robust standardized mean difference (rSMD) obtained via probability of superiority. Associations between BMI and eating disorder symptomatology were examined using robust regression, controlling for age. Models exhibited lower BMI but higher fat-percentage and muscle mass. On the EDE-Q, models had higher Restraint, Global, Eating, and Weight Concerns, and similar Shape Concern scores compared to nonmodels. BMI was positively associated with eating disorder symptoms in both groups, and all but one of the eight models with clinically significant EDE-Q level had ≥18.5 measured BMI. Lower BMI was not indicative of worse eating disorder symptomatology in models or nonmodels. Thus, using a low BMI cutoff (<18.5) may not be an appropriate single index of health for detecting elevated eating disorder symptoms in models. Different policies to protect models’ health should be considered.

- by Ruth Filik
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- Psychology, Health Psychology, Psychiatry, Health Promotion

Uzmanlar, klinisyenler ve araştırmacılar, yeme bozukluklarının duygusal düzensizliklerden kaynaklandığı vakalarda Diyalektik Davranış Terapisinin etkin olacağı konusunda hemfikirdi. Alanda yapılan pek çok adaptasyon çalışması olmasına rağmen Debra Safer, Christy Telch ve Eunice Chen bunu deneysel bazda yapan ilk kişilerdir. Standart diyalektik davranış terapisinin, tıkanırcasına yeme bozukluğu ve blumia nervoza semptomlarını tedavi etme yollarının yapılandırılmış bir özetini sunan bu kitap ile alandaki ihtiyaca cevap vermişlerdir. Bu alanda çalışan klinik psikologların ve danışmanların mutlaka okuması gereken önemli bir kaynak olmakla birlikte bu alanda okuyan öğrenciler için de farklı bir bakış açısı kazandırmaktadır.
Dokuz bölümden oluşan bu kitapta tedavi kapsamlı olarak ele alınmıştır. Genel çerçevede, olumsuz duygularla başa çıkmanın daha uyumsal yollarını öğreten becerilerin kazanımı ile tıkanırcasına yeme ve boşaltmayı durdurma hedefine ulaşma yolu adım adım çizilmiştir. Blumia nervoza ve tıkanırcasına yeme bozukluğuna sahip insanların karılaştığı sorunlar ve mevcut tedavi yöntemleri ele alınarak okuyucuya genel bir bakış açısı kazandırılır. Standart terapinin detaylı bir şekilde tanıtımından sonra bunun adaptasyonunun neden gerekli olduğu, adapte etmenin mantığı mevcut kanıtlar ile sunulur. Daha sonra, tedavi öncesi ve başlangıç oturumlarından tedaviyi sonlandırmaya kadar olan süreç aşama aşama ele alınır. Nüksetmeyi önleme kısmına değinilir. Son olarak kapsamlı vaka örnekleri ile anlatılanların sağlam temeller üzerine oturması sağlanır.
Amacına uygun şekilde düzenlen bu kitap, diyalektik davranış terapisi adapte edilirken belirli sınırlar çizmek yerine okuyucuya geliştirilebilir bir zemin hazırlar. Bu yönüyle tedaviyi uygulamaya ve geliştirmeye teşvik eder. Açıklayıcı vaka örnekleri ve kanıtlar ile tedaviyi tüm ayrıntılarıyla sunarak farklı alanlardan okuyuculara hitap eden bu titiz çalışma özellikle alandaki uzmanlara klinik psikologlara, danışmanlara ve araştırmacılar için bir rehber niteliğinde olacak niteliktedir.

- by Gamze Sart
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- Creative Writing, Critical Theory, Psychology, Clinical Psychology

Objectives This study aims to assess the prevalence of health problems (eg, insomnia, binge-eating, substance use and ill health) among UK doctors and to investigate whether occupational distress increases the risk of health problems. Design This study reports the analysis of data collected at the baseline stage of a randomised controlled trial (protocol #NCT02838290). setting Doctors were invited through medical Royal Colleges, the British Medical Association's research panel and a random selection of NHS trusts across various UK regions. Participants 417 UK doctors with an equivalent split of gender (48% males) and seniority (49% consultants). Main outcomes and measures Outcomes were sleep problems (eg, insomnia), alcohol/drug use (eg, binge-drinking), ill health (eg, backache) and binge-eating (eg, uncontrollable eating). Predictor variables were occupational distress (psychiatric morbidity, burnout, job effort, work-life imbalance, coping with stress through self-blame or substances) and work factors (workplace and years practising medicine). results 44% of doctors binge-drank and 5% met the criteria for alcohol dependence; 24%-29% experienced negative emotions after overeating and 8% had a binge-eating disorder; 20%-61% had some type of sleep problem and 12% had severe/moderate insomnia; 69% had fatigue and 19%-29% experienced other types of ill health problems. The results show that occupational distress and job factors increase the odds of doctors using substances, having sleep problems, presenting with frequent symptoms of ill health and binge-eating. For example, burnout increased the risk of all types of sleep problems, eg, difficulty falling/staying asleep, insomnia (OR ≥1.344; p≤0.036). Even taking into consideration whether or not a doctor works in a hospital, the risk of health problems still rises when doctors have signs of occupational distress. Conclusion Early recognition of occupational distress can prevent health problems among UK doctors that can reduce the quality of patient care because of sickness-related absence.

A obesidade tem sido considerada uma das doenças mais sérias e de mais rápida disseminação em países desenvolvidos . Um terço da população adulta nos Estados Unidos está obesa , e no Brasil, onde até recentemente esta condição não era considerada epidêmica, 17,5% da população adulta já é obesa e cerca de 50 % está acima do peso, segundo o Ministério da Saúde. De forma geral o tratamento da obesidade mórbida costuma ser frustrante e atualmente a cirurgia bariátrica é considerada o único tratamento efetivo e duradouro para estes casos.
Uma quantidade substancial de transtornos psiquiátricos ou perfis psicológicos anormais acomete os candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica, aumentando o risco de desfechos pós-operatórios desfavoráveis, que variam desde a perda de peso abaixo da esperada ou o reganho precoce de peso, até a piora da condição psiquiátrica ou psicológica de base.
Embora avaliações psiquiátricas e psicológicas já façam parte da rotina da maioria dos serviços de cirurgia bariátrica, elas se concentram mais na verificação da capacidade do paciente tomar uma decisão responsável e compreender/seguir as orientações médicas (o “laudo tradicional”) do que nas múltiplas interações entre psicopatologia e a evolução do tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade, um terreno no qual há pouco ou nenhum consenso entre os especialistas. Da mesma forma, os critérios psiquiátricos para a contraindicação do tratamento cirúrgico para a obesidade costumam incluir casos graves de alcoolismo ou uso de drogas ilícitas, sintomas ativos de esquizofrenia e retardo mental severo, mas as condutas envolvendo a grande maioria dos candidatos à cirurgia com alguma comorbidade psiquiátrica, que abrange portadores de transtornos do humor, transtornos ansiosos, transtornos do comportamento alimentar e história de ideação e/ou tentativa de suicídio, para citar apenas alguns, são muito variáveis.
O presente texto tem por objetivo revisar e discutir as relações entre psicopatologia e tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade e se concentra em questões como até que ponto variáveis psicológicas e psiquiátricas influenciam a perda ou o reganho de peso após a cirurgia bariátrica, quais as chances da cirurgia bariátrica piorar ou melhorar condições psiquiátricas pré-existentes ou deflagrar sintomas psiquiátricos em quem nunca os teve e quais seriam as contraindicações psiquiátricas relativas e absolutas para a cirurgia bariátrica.

- by Hélio Tonelli
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- Bariatric Surgery, Human Eating Behaviours, Binge-eating Disorders, Obesidade

Данная статья посвящена раскрытию психологического взгляда на формирование пищевых нарушений. В статье представлены теории пищевого поведения, классификация нарушений пищевого поведения, а также психологические особенности людей с нарушениями пищевого поведения. Представлен теоретический анализ диагностических критериев и методов исследования пищевого поведения.

In his quest for awakening, according to the traditional account the Buddha tried and discarded various ancient Indian practices as being not in themselves conducive to awakening. Nevertheless, closer inspection shows that key elements of these practices became part of the Buddhist path, a transformation that involves mindfulness in one way or another. In this way, fasting transforms into mindful eating, breath control into mindfulness of breathing, and a reformulation of an aspiration for annihilation of the self, apparently held by ancient Indian cultivators of the meditative sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, comes to be conjoined to the cultivation of mindfulness of the body. These transformations shed light on the importance and adaptability of mindfulness in early Buddhist soteriology.

- by Bhikkhu Anālayo
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- Breath - Body - Voice, Mindfulness, Indian Buddhism, Binge-eating Disorders
- by Margaux Goldminc (Merand)
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- Addiction, Depression, Body Image, Phenomenology of the body
- by Noor Arifah Bujang
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- Abnormal Psychology, Eating Disorders, Binge-eating Disorders, Bulimia Nervosa

The discourses and practices of nurses concerning their own issues of 'health' within an Eating Disorders Unit may inadvertently re-inscribe the very discourses they seek to challenge in those of their clients.

- by Ruth Surtees
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- Binge-eating Disorders

Grazing, or the uncontrolled, repetitive eating of small amounts of food is being increasingly recognised as an important eating behaviour associated with obesity. In spite of the need for a better understanding of this eating behaviour for improved obesity treatment, currently there is no empirically validated self-report measure to assess grazing. Therefore, to contribute to a better understanding of this relatively understudied eating pattern, a new self-report questionnaire of grazing was developed in this study. Questionnaire items were designed to reflect previous empirical descriptions of grazing. A group of 248 university students completed the Grazing Questionnaire, other measures of eating related behaviours and cognitions, and negative emotion. Sixty-two participants completed the Grazing Questionnaire a second time to calculate its temporal stability. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a clear two-factor solution for the questionnaire, reflecting repetitive eating behaviour and a perception of loss of control. Scores on the Grazing Questionnaire were positively associated with other measures of disordered eating, especially with binge eating. Initial psychometric properties of the new questionnaire are promising. Future research is now needed to examine the prevalence of this eating behaviour in more diverse populations, including those with binge eating disorder and obesity.

- by Marianna Szabó
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- Obesity, Binge-eating Disorders, EDNOS, Emotional Eating

The eating disorders have been reviewed based on state-of-art of contemporary psychology, medicine and nutrition science, with a special emphasis put on different symptoms and forms, origins and testing methods. Among promoting eating disorders, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, night eating disorder, sleep-related eating disorder are among officially approved and investigated. Among disorders resulting from lack of acceptance of own appearance, anorexia nervosa and bigorexia nervosa are the most serious improper ones. Disorders arising from health care include orthorexia nervosa and recently pregorexia. Different origins of eating disorders are considered, divided into three groups: social, psychological and pathological. The desire to possess a slim shapely silhouette and young appearance, usually under pressure of a social group, may result in disorders such as anorexia nervosa, pregorexia, ageorexia, and bigorexia nervosa. On the other hand, the focusing on eating mainly the biological pure food, being a purely psychological and individual problem, may be a source of orthorexia nervosa. Majority of disorders have a psychological background constituting the escape and an answer to everyday life problems difficult to overcome. Recently, pathology is often considered as an additional and important determinant, which may cause or enhance the appearance of binge eating or night eating disorder. The eating disorders, if not subject to proper therapy and advising, can tend to incline and develop. The further research in order to properly recognise the eating disorders, and find their roots, is necessary at a strict cooperation of psychologists, physicians and nutritionists or dietetics.

- by Joanna Molga
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- Binge-eating Disorders, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Night Eating Syndrome

Objective: The current systematic and methodological review aimed to critically review existing literature utilizing implicit processing, or automatic approach-and/or avoidance-related attentional biases between eating disorder (ED) and nonclinical samples, which (a) highlights how psychophysiological methods advance knowledge of ED implicit bias; (b) explains how findings fit into transdiagnostic versus disorder-specific ED frameworks; and (c) suggests how research can address perfectionism-related ED biases. Method: Three databases were systematically searched to identify studies: PubMed, Scopus, and PsychInfo electronic databases. Peer-reviewed studies of 18-to 39-year-olds with both clinical ED and healthy samples assessing visual attentional biases using pictorial and/or linguistic stimuli related to food, body, and/or perfectionism were included. Results: Forty-six studies were included. While behavioral results were often similar across ED diagnoses, studies incorporating psychophysiological measures often revealed disease-specific attentional biases. Specifically, women with bulimia nervosa (BN) tend to approach food and other body types, whereas women with anorexia nervosa (AN) tend to avoid food as well as overweight bodies. Conclusions: Further integration of psychophysiological and behavioral methods may identify subtle processing variations in ED, which may guide prevention strategies and interventions, and provide important clinical implications. Few implicit bias studies include male participants, investigate binge-eating disorder, or evaluate perfectionism-relevant stimuli, despite the fact that perfectionism is implicated in models of ED.
K E Y W O R D S: anorexia nervosa, attentional bias, binge-eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, psychophysiology

- by Ruth Filik and +1
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- Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry, Eating Disorders

Binge eating disorder (BED) represents one of the most problematic clinical conditions among youths. Research has shown that the developmental stage of adolescence is a critical stage for the onset of eating disorders (EDs), with a peak prevalence of BED at the age of 16–17 years. Several studies among adults with BED have underlined that it is associated with a broad spectrum of negative consequences, including higher concern about shape and weight, difficulties in social functioning, and emotional-behavioral problems. This review aimed to examine studies focused on the prevalence of BED in the adolescent population, its impact in terms of physical, social, and psychological outcomes, and possible strategies of psychological intervention. The review of international literature was made on paper material and electronic databases ProQuest, PsycArticles, and PsycInfo, and the Scopus index were used to verify the scientific relevance of the papers. Epidemiological research that examined the prevalence of BED in adolescent samples in accordance with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition showed a prevalence ranging from 1% to 4%. More recently, only a few studies have investigated the prevalence of BED, in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria, reporting a prevalence of ~1%–5%. Studies that focused on the possible impact that BED may have on physical, psychological, and social functioning showed that adolescents with BED have an increased risk of developing various adverse consequences, including obesity, social problems, substance use, suicidality, and other psychological difficulties, especially in the internalizing area. Despite the evidence, to date, reviews on possible and effective psychological treatment for BED among the young population are rare and focused primarily on adolescent females.

- by luca cerniglia
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- Psychology, Eating Disorders, Psychopathology, Adolescence (Psychology)

The internet and computers are becoming ubiquitous and mental health services are attempting to utilise these to overcome some of the barriers inherent in standard psychotherapy. In this review, computerised psychotherapy is defined as any computing system which patients are required to interact with to receive their mental health treatment. Computerised CBT (cCBT) has a proven effectiveness in treating some anxiety disorders and depression. Bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) are two mental health conditions which are associated with significant personal and social costs, in addition to low treatment uptake. The current qualitative systematic review aims to investigate whether cCBT is an effective, acceptable and cost-effective treatment for BN and BED. Studies were included if there was a comparison between a control group and cCBT for BN and BED patients. 10 studies were identified and reviewed; eight delivered via the internet (iCBT) and two by CD-ROM (CD-CBT). The samples were predominantly female and the studies’ methodological quality varied, with the majority failing to control for medication and/or additional psychotherapy. The abstinence rates for iCBT and CD-CBT ranged from 22% to 47.6% and 9.1% to 10.2%, respectively. The dropout rates varied from 10% to 45%. Limited evidence was available to assess the cost-effectiveness. The rates of abstinence and dropout are comparable to those found in previous reviews and standard CBT clinical trials. iCBT may be a useful addition to a matched care model. Limitations of the current work and recommendations for future research are discussed.

- by Alistair Thompson
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- CBT, Binge-eating Disorders, Bulimia Nervosa, Computerised CBT
- by Giada Pietrabissa
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- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Obesity, Binge-eating Disorders, Weight Loss

Purpose Few studies have addressed the psychological characteristics of adolescents with binge eating disorder (BED). No research has focused on the psychological functioning of these adolescents' parents or on the prevalence of traumatic experiences among them. Methods In this study, 202 adolescents aged 11–13 and their parents were recruited from mental health clinics to complete the youth self-report (YSR), the response evaluation measure for youth (REM-71), the Toronto Alex-ithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Symptom CheckList (SCL-90-R), and the traumatic experience checklist (TEC). Results Female adolescents scored higher than males on withdrawal, internalizing problems, dissociation, and somatization subscales. Boys scored higher than girls on externalizing problems and acting out subscales. Maternal depression predicted withdrawal and dissociation in female adolescents. Maternal sexual abuse predicted social problems in males and self-destructive behaviors in females. Paternal physical abuse predicted delinquent behavior and acting out in males. Conclusions Our data suggest that parental traumatic experiences play a role in their offspring's mental health; the data also showed different psychopathological configurations in male and female adolescents with BED and their parents, suggesting the development of prevention and treatment polices specific to gender.

- by luca cerniglia and +2
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- Psychology, Child and adolescent mental health, Eating Disorders, Trauma Studies

This paper seeks to conceptualize the DSM-5's diagnosis of female sexual interest/arousal disorder within the context of individuals struggling with an eating disorder, even long after the "height" of an eating disorder and a woman's re-establishment of healthy body weight. After exploring the intersection and relationship between eating disorders and sexuality/sexual functioning, the paper proposes a unique case study vignette, clinical assessment, and summary of treatment implications, strategies, and guidelines based on the relatively limited and young body of literature.

- by Grant Gordin
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- Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Psychology

Background: Body dissatisfaction influences women's mental and physical health. To date, most research has focused on body dissatisfaction in relation to the 'thin-ideal'. Thus, the association between body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptomatology and muscularity-ideal in women is less clear. Lack of understanding is underpinned by the lack of reliable and valid muscularity-related assessments for women. To address this need, we developed, tested and re-tested two new body dissatisfaction scales: The Female Body Scale (FBS; adiposity dimension) and Female Fit Body Scale (FFITBS; muscularity dimension). Methods: One hundred and fifty-two women in the United Kingdom rated which body figure best represented their current and ideal body, completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0), and their body composition was measured. During re-test, the EDE-Q 6.0 and Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) were completed. Results: Both the FBS and the FFITBS were found to be valid and reliable, and distinct types of body dissatisfaction were identified. Higher EDE-Q scores corresponded with greater body dissatisfaction scores on both the FBS and FFITBS. Thin-ideal (FBS) and larger/muscularity-ideal (FFITBS) body dissatisfaction predicted higher scores on the DMS. The muscularity scale (FFITBS) uniquely revealed that 28% of participants indicated body dissatisfaction toward the larger-muscularity-ideal. Conclusions: Results reveal distinct dimensions of body dissatisfaction. These new, validated scales may be utilized to quickly identify eating disorder risk in women as a preventative assessment for clinicians and inform female-focused body-image and eating disorder research.

- by Ruth Filik and +1
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- Psychology, Eating Disorders, Body Image, Eating Disorders and Body Image
- by Diarmuid Best
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- Gender Studies, Mental Health, Primary Health Care, Sociology of Food and Eating

Background: Research has shown that obese individuals have cognitive deficiencies in executive function, leading to poor planning and impulse control, and decision-making difficulties. An intervention that could help reduce these deficits and in turn help weight loss maintenance is Cognitive Remediation Therapy for Obesity (CRT-O). We aim to examine the efficacy of manualised CRT-O, which is intended to improve executive function, enhance reflective practice and help weight loss maintenance.
Methods/Design: A randomised controlled trial (registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry) will be conducted. First, 90 obese adults (body mass index >30 kg/m2) in the community will receive three weekly sessions of a group Behaviour Weight Loss Treatment (BWLT), and then will be randomised either to receive CRT-O or to enter a no-treatment control group. CRT-O training will comprise twice-weekly sessions of 45 minutes over a 4 to 6 week period, for a total of eight sessions. Measurement points will be at baseline, post CRT-O (or 4 to 6 weeks after BWLT for the no-treatment control), 3 months post treatment and 1 year post treatment. The primary outcome will be executive function and secondary outcome measures will include participants’ body mass index, hip to waist ratio, eating behaviours and quality of life.
Discussion: This is the first study of its kind to examine the efficacy of Cognitive Remediation Therapy for obese adults through a randomised controlled trial.

- by Jayanthi Raman and +2
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- Depression, Obesity, Cognitive Neuropsychology, Binge-eating Disorders

Does perfectionism predict maladjustment beyond self-criticism? Attention to this key question is needed as some studies suggest perfectionism may not explain variance in maladjustment beyond self-criticism. Using a large cross-national sample of 524 undergraduates (229 Canadian, 295 British), this study examined whether evaluative concerns perfectionism (socially prescribed perfectionism, concern over mistakes, doubts about actions) explained variance in self-defeating behaviors (binge eating, procrastination, interpersonal conflict) after controlling for selfcriticism. Results showed that—after controlling for self-criticism—concern over mistakes predicted binge eating, doubts about actions predicted procrastination, and socially prescribed perfectionism and concern over mistakes predicted interpersonal conflict. Self-criticism also uniquely predicted self-defeating behaviors beyond evaluative concerns perfectionism. The relationships that evaluative concerns perfectionism shows with self-defeating behaviors appear neither redundant with nor fully captured by self-criticism. Results dovetail with theoretical accounts suggesting evaluative concerns perfectionism is a uniquely important part of the personality of people prone to self-defeating behaviors.

- by Joachim Stoeber
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- Psychology, Abnormal Psychology, Behavioural Science, Clinical Psychology

- by luca cerniglia
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- Psychology, Eating Disorders, Psychopathology, Adolescence (Psychology)

Background Body dissatisfaction influences women’s mental and physical health. To date, most research has focused on body dissatisfaction in relation to the ‘thin-ideal’. Thus, the association between body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptomatology and muscularity-ideal in women is less clear. Lack of understanding is underpinned by the lack of reliable and valid muscularity-related assessments for women. To address this need, we developed, tested and re-tested two new body dissatisfaction scales: The Female Body Scale (FBS; adiposity dimension) and Female Fit Body Scale (FFITBS; muscularity dimension). Methods One hundred and fifty-two women in the United Kingdom rated which body figure best represented their current and ideal body, completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0), and their body composition was measured. During re-test, the EDE-Q 6.0 and Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) were completed. Results Both the FBS and the FFITBS were found to be v...

- by Christina Ralph-Nearman
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- Psychology, Eating Disorders, Body Image, Eating Disorders and Body Image

This paper describes data on available health care professionals treating patients with eating disorders and obesity in Saudi Arabia and the availability of specialised eating disorders and obesity resources. In this manuscript we are presenting the data obtained from studies conducted in Saudi Arabia and other non-westernized countries during 2017 and before. The database is a useful resource for establishing current statutes and providing bases for future policies and funds.

- by Amnah Alsabbah
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- Bariatric Surgery, Mental Health, Medicine, Binge-eating Disorders

This study aimed at identifying specific clusters of maladaptive emotional–behavioral symptoms in adolescent victims of motorbike collisions considering their scores on alexithymia and impulsivity in addition to examining the prevalence of clinical binge eating behaviors (respectively through the Youth Self‐Report (YSR), Toronto Alexithymia Scale‐20 (TAS‐20), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale‐11 (BIS‐11), and Binge Eating Scale (BES)). Emotional–behavioral profiles, difficulties in identifying and describing feelings, impulsivity, and binge eating behaviors have been assessed in 159 adolescents addressing emergency departments following motorbike collisions. Our results showed a cluster of adolescents with clinical binge eating behaviors, high rates of motorbike accidents, and high levels of internalizing and externalizing problems, alexithymia, and impulsivity (23.3% of the sample); a second cluster of adolescents with clinical binge eating behaviors, a moderate number of collisions, and moderate levels of emotional and behavioral problems on the above four dimensions (25.8% of the sample); and a third cluster of youth without clinical binge eating behaviors, with a moderate number of accidents, and with low scores on the four dimensions (50.9% of the sample). Adolescents of Cluster 1 showed a higher likelihood to be involved in motorbike collisions than the youth in Clusters 2 and 3 (p < 0.0001). We suggest that adolescents' motor collisions could be associated with their difficulties in emotion regulation and with their impaired psychological profiles, which could also underpin their disordered eating. The identification of specific clusters of psychopathological symptoms among this population could be useful for the construction of prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing motor collision recidivism and alleviating co‐occurring psychopathologies.

Objectives: To identify the presence of binge eating associated or not with compensatory practices in low-carb dieters. Methods: Binge Eating Scale (BES) and Hay Questionnaire were used in order to assess the frequency of binge eating and compensatory practices, in addition to a frequency questionnaire for the consumption of chocolate, bread and rice. A scale of 1-8 points assessed the carbohydrate restriction intensity, and participants were divided into groups (i) low-carb diet and (ii) control. Comparisons between groups were part of the analysis, as well as correlations between variables of interest per diet group (p < 0.05). Results: Participants were a total of 853 university students, in which 75.97% were women with an average of 22.04 years old (SD = 3.33) and an average BMI of 23.56 kg/m2, (SD = 4.38). From the aforementioned total, 214 had a low-carb diet, and 639 did not. The prevalence of a high score suggestive of binge eating without compensatory practices was 17.94% (n = 153), while the presence of binge eating associated with compensation was 2.23% (n = 19). As for the diet group, 35.05% (n = 75) also performed intermittent fasting. The diet group reached higher values for ECAP and BMI, and lower for frequency of consumption of rice and bread. Furthermore, ECAP scores correlated positively with chocolate consumption (r = + 0.14; p = 0.0377) and BMI values (r = + 0.19; p = 0.0042), whereas carbohydrate restriction showed negative correlation with chocolate consumption (r = - 0.13; p = 0.041); French bread (r = - 0.20; p = 0.0024) and rice (r = - 0.36; p <0.0001). Conclusions: We highlight the high prevalence of diet practice (25.09%), and the higher levels of binge eating in this group, as well as the lower consumption of rice and bread compared to those who did not diet.

Weight stigma is pervasive in our collective culture, including in our therapy clinics. It can manifest in the physical environment, in the language we use, in the assumptions we make, and in the treatments we deliver. This paper details some of the barriers faced by individuals with larger bodies and how clinicians might acknowledge and address these at both the individual and wider societal levels.

- by Dr. Eve Hermansson-Webb
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- Clinical Psychology, Eating Disorders, Stigma, Body Image
- by Vivian W Cheng
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- Health Psychology, Sociology of Food and Eating, Eating Disorders, Food History

Stigma internalisation in people with eating disorders is an area of increasing scientific interest. To date, however, no measure of stigma internalisation has been validated for use in people with eating disorders, which may help explain the paucity of research investigating stigma in this population. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of the 29-item Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI) in a sample of 331 individuals with various eating disorders, and further examined its concurrent predictive validity and convergent validity. The original factor structure of the ISMI indicated poor fit. Five modifications were made; one item was excluded, three items had their factor loadings moved to a different subscale, and the co-variance between two items was modelled. The modified ISMI indicated good fit and exhibited evidence of concurrent predictive validity and convergent validity. The ISMI is valid for use in people with eating disorders with minimal changes to subscale scoring. Although relatively few changes to the ISMI were proposed, the capacity to compare ISMI scores across patient populations should be weighed against obtaining empirically and theoretically defensible factor structures that may be population-specific.

- by Scott Griffiths and +1
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- Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Eating Disorders, Stigma

Abstract: Obesity is a chronic condition associated with risk factors for many medical complications and comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, some types of cancer, osteoarthritis, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, type-2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and different psychosocial issues and psychopathological disorders. Obesity is a highly complex, multifactorial disease: genetic, biological, psychological, behavioral, familial, social, cultural, and environmental factors can influence in different ways. Evidence-based strategies to improve weight loss, maintain a healthy weight, and reduce related comorbidities typically integrate different interventions: dietetic, nutritional, physical, behavioral, psychological, and if necessary, pharmacological and surgical ones. Such treatments are implemented in a multidisciplinary context with a clinical team composed of endocrinologists, nutritionists, dietitians, physiotherapists, psychiatrists, psycholo...

- by Gianluca Castelnuovo
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- Psychology, Obesity, CBT, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

Background: Research on food addiction (FA) has been growing and increasing interest has been seen in comprehending its mechanisms and clinical and psychological correlates of this phenomena. This field of study is specially apply to understand obesity and eating behavior issues related to eating disorders (ED). Objectives: We performed a literature review that describe recent research using the updated version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0) or modified-YFAS (mYFAS 2.0), from the date of its publication. Methods: Search were performed in Web of Science, Pubmed and PsycNET databases for studies that used the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0. Results: The studies (n = 53) investigated adaptation and validation of the scale in different cultures (n = 13), prevalence on nonclinical populations and representative samples (n = 5), food addiction in obesity samples (n = 11), in samples with ED and disordered eating (n = 10) and studies that investigated FA in association with other clinical and psychological variables (n = 14). Discussion: Studies with the YFAS 2.0 reveal higher prevalence of FA in different samples, and a great association between FA and BED, BN and obesity. Implications for diagnostic of this phenomena and the overlap between FA and other disorders are discussed. Conclusions: The field of FA remains an open subject and effort must be implied to understand the subjective experience of addiction related to eating and food.

- by Jônatas Oliveira and +1
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- Binge-eating Disorders, Food Addiction
- by Deirdre Barrett
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- Neuroscience, Psychology, Abnormal Psychology, Applied Psychology

Maternal Binge Eating Disorder (BED) has been suggested to be associated with poor parent–infant interactions during feeding and with children's emotional and behavioral problems during infancy (Blissett and Haycraft, 2011). The role of fathers has received increasing consideration in recent years, yet the research has not focused on interactional patterns between fathers with BED and their children. The present study aimed to longitudinally investigate the influence of BED diagnosis, in one or both parents, on parent–infant feeding interactions and on children's emotional–behavioral functioning. 612 subjects (408 parents; 204 children), recruited in mental health services and pre-schools in Central Italy, were divided into four groups: Group 1 included families with both parents diagnosed with BED, Group 2 and 3 included families with one parent diagnosed with BED, Group 0 was a healthy control. The assessment took place at T1 (18 months of age of children) and T2 (36 months of age of children): feeding interactions were assessed through the Scale for the Assessment of Feeding Interactions (SVIA) while child emotional–behavioral functioning was evaluated with the Child Behavior CheckList (CBCL). When compared to healthy controls, the groups with one or both parents diagnosed with BED showed higher scores on the SVIA and on the CBCL internalizing and externalizing scales, indicating poorer adult–child feeding interactions and higher emotional–behavioral difficulties. A direct influence of parental psychiatric diagnosis on the quality of mother–infant and father–infant interactions was also found, both at T1 and T2. Moreover, dyadic feeding interactions mediated the influence of parental diagnosis on children's psychological functioning. The presence of BED diagnosis in one or both parents seems to influence the severity of maladaptive parent–infant exchanges during feeding and offspring's emotional–behavioral problems over time, consequently affecting different areas of children's psychological functioning. This is the first study to demonstrate the specific effects of maternal and paternal BED on infant development. These results could inform prevention and intervention programs in families with one or both parents diagnosed with BED.

- by Giulia Ballarotto and +2
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- Eating Disorders, Longitudinal Research, Binge-eating Disorders, Fatherhood
- by Natasha Schvey
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- Eating Disorders, Binge-eating Disorders, Bulimia Nervosa, Body dissatisfaction

Considering the significant negative consequences that are directly related to binge eating and drinking behaviors, many studies have explored the reasons why adolescents engage in them. This study examined the differences in the development, maintenance, and co-occurrence of “binge” behaviors associated with adolescent’s identity style and the level of commitment. One thousand four hundred Italian adolescents completed self-report measures assessing binge behaviors and identity styles. Overall, results show that diffused adolescents were more likely to be engaged in binge eating and binge drinking behaviors than others,
validating the idea that the achievement of a consolidated ego identity is important for enhancing well-being.

- by Francesca Liga and +2
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- Health Psychology, At Risk Adolescents, Binge-eating Disorders, Binge drinking

Purpose
The majority of those who seek treatment for binge eating disorder also have accompanying obesity or overweight. The best available psychological treatments for binge eating disorder produce good and lasting outcomes with regard to control over eating but virtually no weight loss, yet control over eating and weight loss are both important and valued goals of those who seek treatment.
Methods
We have devised a model of the processes maintaining both the binge eating and the overweight or obesity that occurs in many patients with binge eating disorder who seek treatment. The model draws on previous research findings to highlight and integrate the factors maintaining both the disordered eating and the accompanying overweight or obesity.
Results
We outline a new treatment based on the proposed model that explicitly addresses the twin goals of cessation of binge eating and weight loss in an integrated fashion. The proposed treatment incorporates and integrates elements from two previously tested evidence-based interventions, enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for eating disorders shown to reduce binge eating and cognitive behaviour therapy of obesity, which produces weight loss.
Conclusion
To meet a major challenge for the treatment of binge eating disorder (BED), we have proposed that an integrated treatment with the goals of addressing both binge eating and overweight or obesity is worth researching further. Should this treatment be successful, the goals of many patients who seek treatment for BED are more likely to be met.

- by Zafra Cooper and +1
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- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Obesity, Binge-eating Disorders, Eating Disorders and Obesity

Objective: Binge eating disorder (BED) is frequently linked with obesity and related health risks like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) was to determine the effectiveness of brief strategic therapy (BST) compared with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) 1 year after a two-phase inpatient and outpatient-telemedicine treatment for BED. Method: Italian women with BED and comorbid obesity were recruited from a self-referred inpatient treatment program for weight loss (N 60) and randomly assigned to either the BST treatment condition (n 30) or CBT treatment condition (n 30). Inpatient psychotherapy sessions were conducted in person and outpatient telemedicine psychotherapy sessions were conducted over the telephone. Multilevel growth curve modeling was used to estimate average growth trajectories from baseline to 1 year after treatment for the following outcomes: binge eating frequency, weight, and global functioning. Results: One year after treatment, women in the BST condition decreased in binge eating frequency and women in the CBT condition did not, whereas women in both conditions improved in weight and global functioning. BST was statistically and clinically superior to CBT in improving binge eating frequency, weight, and global functioning. Conclusions: Examining BED, given the current obesity epidemic, is an important area of study. Findings suggest that BST is statistically and clinically more effective than CBT in treating BED, promoting weight loss, and improving global functioning among women with BED and comorbid obesity 1 year after treatment. Telemedicine may be instrumental in reducing attrition.

- by Giada Pietrabissa and +2
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- Rehabilitation, Obesity, Telemedicine, Binge-eating Disorders
- by C. Breiteneder and +1
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- Serious Games, Video Games, Self Control, Games for Health
- by Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
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- Serious Games, Video Games, Self Control, Games for Health
- by Annalisa Caretti and +3
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- Psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Health Psychology, Obesity