Conducting Polymers Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Standard fused filament fabrication (FFF)-based 3-D printers fabricate parts from thermopolymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA). A new range of metal based PLA composites are available providing a novel range of potential engineering materials for such 3-D printers. Currently, limited material data, specifically thermal property characterization is available on these composites. As a result, the application of these materials into functional engineered systems is not possible. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap by quantifying the thermal properties of copperFill, bronzeFill, magnetic iron PLA, and stainless steel PLA composites and provide insight into the technical considerations of FFF composite 3-D printing. Specifically, in this study the correlation of the composite microstructure and printing parameters are explored and the results of thermal conductivity analysis as a function of printed matrix properties are provided. Considering the relative deviation from the filament raw bulk analysis, the results show the printing operation significantly impacts the resultant component density. Experimentally collected thermal conductivity values, however, do not correlate to the theoretical models in the literature and more rigorous quantitative exercises are required to determine true percent porosity to accurately model the effect of air pore volume fraction on thermal conductivity. Despite this limitation, the thermal conductivity values provided can be used to engineer thermal conductivity into 3-D printed parts with these PLA-based composites. Finally, several high-value applications of such 3-D printed materials that look metallic, but have low thermal conductivity are reviewed.

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- Materials Engineering, Polymer Engineering, Materials Science, Polymer science
- by Sandip Sengupta
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- Engineering, Conducting Polymers, Conducting Polymer, Assembly
- by Arun Kumar Singh
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- Materials Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, FTIR spectroscopy, Morphology
- by Jekaterina Reut
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- Engineering, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Morphology, Conducting Polymers
- by Claude Chevrot
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- Analytical Chemistry, Conducting Polymers, Electroanalytical Chemistry, Thin Film
- by Alessio Varesano
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- Materials Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Morphology, Conducting Polymers

A series of new alkyl-substituted pyrrole, bithiophene, and terthiophene thiols, terthiophene and sexithiophene dithiols, and polythiophene polythiol have been synthesized. The compounds form self-assembled monolayers on gold with high surface coverages generally in the range (2–4) × 10-10 mol cm-2 as indicated by cyclic voltammetry and UV–vis spectroscopy. The thiols were reacted with 5 nm gold nanoparticles in toluene to form monodisperse, stable, and soluble thiol-capped gold clusters with the same gold core diameter, which were oxidatively coupled electrochemically (in solution or as films) and chemically (with iodine) to polymeric gold clusters. The dithiols (including ethanedithiol) and the polythiol formed analogous polymeric structures via layer-by-layer alternation with gold nanoparticles on gold-modified ITO and glass surfaces. The new materials were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, UV–vis and FTIR spectroscopy, and conductivity. The capped gold clusters display conductivities in the range 10-7 –10-2 S cm-1 and give solvoconductive responses fast and stable, which parallel the degree of swelling measured by QCM. The conductivities of the polymeric clusters are in the range 2 × 10-2-10-1 S cm-1. Comparison with the literature indicates 10-1 S cm-1 as a practical limit to the conductivity in such systems.

The detection of the carcinogenic trihalomethanes (THM) in public water supply systems using low-cost equipment has become an essential feature, since these compounds may be generated as by-products of water-treatment processes. Here we report on a sensor array that extends the concept of an "electronic tongue" to detect small amounts of bromoform, bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane, with detection limits as low

- by Nelson Consolin-Filho and +3
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- Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Principal Component Analysis, Water Treatment
- by Vladimir Mirsky
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- Engineering, Manufacturing, Polyelectrolytes, Self Assembly

Conducting nanocomposites of polyaniline/maghemite (PANI/ᵞ-Fe 2 O 3) have successfully prepared with different weight percentages of ᵞ-Fe 2 O 3 (0-0.5 wt. %) by adopting chemical oxidation route at 5ºC. These nanocomposites were characterized for their structure, morphology and dc electrical conductivity by fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and standard two point probe method respectively. It can be clearly seen that dispersion of ᵞ-Fe 2 O 3 has imparted good structural and conducting properties in PANI matrix. The percolation threshold for dc electrical conductivity was found at 0.3% filling of maghemite contents in PANI chains.

- by Shahzad Naseem
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- Conducting Polymers

Simultaneous monitoring of soil moisture at different soil levels or near plant roots and relative humidity are crucial for optimizing the crop yield. In the present paper, we demonstrate a novel, compact and inexpensive polymer nano-composite piezoresistive microcantilever sensor platform for the measurement of relative humidity (% RH) and soil moisture. A piezoresistive microcantilever is realized using SU-8 and carbon black based nano-composite. Its surface is further modified by Poly-aniline (PANI) nanofibers as a sensing layer. The surface functionalization is confirmed by FTIR, SEM and contact angle measurements. The sensor exhibited a maximum response of 28 mV toward 93% RH with sensitivity of 64 μV/0.1% RH. Sensitivity values of 43.6, 275 and 78.6 μV/0.1% change in the moisture content for bentonite soil, white clay and sand, respectively, are achieved. Such high sensitivity values coupled with the low cost can be utilized further for the realization of rugged, portable and handheld devices with wireless networking facility.

- by Arindam Adhikari
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- Sensor, Nanomaterials, Conducting Polymers, Polyaniline

Polypyrrole-silica nanoparticles were prepared by in situ polymerization of pyrrole monomer in the presence of specially modified silica nanoparticles having vinyl functional groups on the surface. The presence of polypyrrole (PPy) on the... more

- by Michele Marini
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- Materials Engineering, Materials Science, Conducting Polymers, Silica

—Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-(p-phenylenevinylene)] (MEH-PPV) was obtained via the modified Gilch route. The expected polymer was obtained in an overall yield of 19.5%. The structures of all synthesized intermediates and MEH-PPV fully complied with their respective spectroscopic data using 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. Thermal properties of the polymer was studied using simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) and morphologies by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The glass transition temperature, Tg, of MEH-PPV was obtained at 85 o C. TEM results showed that the material was amorphous. Results showed that pure MEH-PPV exhibited high impedance at room temperature but the impedance increases in the MEH-PPV/MCMB composite. The MEH-PPV/MCMB composite film shows an increase in conductivity of the order of 2. The enhancement of conductivity of MEH-PPV by the addition of MCMB was attributed to the change in morphology of the film and contribution of electrons by carbon in the polymer matrix.

- by NOR SALIYANA JUMALI jumali
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- Conducting Polymers
- by Natalia Blinova
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- Engineering, Conducting Polymers, Polymer, Conducting Polymer
- by Rylie Green
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- Biomedical Engineering, Tissue Engineering, Cell Adhesion, PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY
- by Jose Iribarren
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- Materials Engineering, Morphology, Conducting Polymers, Thermal Stability

Conducting polymers can be exploited as an excellent tool for the preparation of nanocomposites with nano-scaled biomolecules. Polypyrrole(Ppy) is one of the most extensively used conducting polymers in design of bioanalytical sensors. In this review article significant attention ispaid to immobilization of biologically active molecules within Ppy during electrochemical deposition of this polymer. Such unique properties ofthis polymer as prevention of some undesirable electrochemical interactions and facilitation of electron transfer from some redox enzymes are discussed. Recent advances in application of polypyrrole in immunosensors and DNA sensors are presented. Some new electrochemical targetDNA and target protein detection methods based on changes of semiconducting properties of electrochemically generated Ppy doped by affinityagents are introduced. Recent progress and problems in development of molecularly imprinted polypyrrole are considered.

- by Arunas Ramanavicius
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- Bioelectrochemistry, Nanobiotechnology, Conducting Polymers, Nanotechnology

In this study, using Harfang Code 32 device, the slag catcher pipelines in one of the South Pars phases were tested. In radiography method of these lines, no clear defect was observed in radiographic films due to the high thickness of 40 mm. However, marvelous results were obtained using advanced ultrasonic. Review and analysis of the results will result in high potential of three-dimensional ultrasonic method in identifying defects in pipelines with high thicknesses and preventing financial and life-threatening risks during the use of these refineries in the future.

Boron and rare earth stabilized graphene (Gr) doped polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers were synthesized by electro-spinning method. The structural and morphological properties of the nanofibers were characterized. The morphological and structural behavior of the samples containing different amounts (0%, 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5%) of Gr and different doping material such as boron (B) and rare earth elements (REEs), were found to be different from each other. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the synthesized nanofibers exhibit that, the addition of the Gr into pure PVDF caused a marked decrease in the diameters of nanofibers. So much so that the average diameter of pure PVDF nanofi-bers was about 500 nm while the average diameters of the Gr doped nanofibers was merely 58 nm. To the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) Analysis, suitable and specified elements were determined for each samples. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that crystal-linity of the nanofibers increased with the increasing content of Gr. In addition, the XRD peaks β crystalline phase in G-doped PVDF was more intense than the ones in pure PVDF and the most intense one was observed at 0.3% G-doped PVDF. Boron doping contrary to Gr addition result in the increase of α phase. Differential thermal analyses (DTAs) data showed that Gr and B doping increased the melting point of PVDF materials. In addition, the dielectric properties of these samples showed that the value of ε' increased with increasing the rate of Gr. Thus, the P-G 0.3% and P-G 0.5% materials have the largest dielectric constants. POLYM. COMPOS., 2019.

- by Yosef badali and +1
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- Polymer Engineering, Materials Science, Polymer Chemistry, Nanoelectronics
- by Lorella Guadagnini
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- Engineering, Carbon, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Morphology
- by Sesha Srinivasan
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- Engineering, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Carbon Nanotube, Conducting Polymers
- by Hans Grande
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- Engineering, Conducting Polymers, Conducting Polymer, Electrochromism
- by Liuba Napoli and +1
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- Engineering, Kinetics, Conducting Polymers, CHEMICAL SCIENCES

In this study, PVA/PAA, PVA/PAA/PVP, PVA/PAA/PVP-I and PVA/PAA/PVP/Chitosan fiber mats were prepared via electrospinning.
Synthesized nanofibers were characterized by DSC, FT-IR and SEM. DSC results showed that the nanofibers were degraded at 400C and 450C. The addition of PVP-K30, PVP-I and chitosan to PVA/PAA structure increased the thermal stability
of the nanofibers. SEM micrographs showed that synthesized nanofibers are linear. Fiber diameter measurements showed that average diameters of the fibers are less than 0.5 micron. The average diameters of PVA/PAA, PVA/PAA/PVP, PVA/PAA/PVP-I and PVA/PAA/PVP/Chitosan fibers were calculated as 458 nm, 237 nm, 139 nm, and 270 nm, respectively.

- by Arda Aytimur and +1
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- Polymer Engineering, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of nanoparticles

Corn fibers and luffa peels were evaluated for removing toxic heavy metal ions and dissolved organic dyes from water. Fresh peels were pretreated to remove all soluble components before using them for extraction studies. Presence of eOH and eCO 2 H functional groups on the surface of the peels and rough morphologies were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy investigations, respectively. Corn fibers and luffa peels showed maximum extraction effi-ciencies within the pH range of 4e10 and adsorption reached a steady state within 2e3 h. Prewashed corn fibers and luffa peals extracted 159 mg g À1 and 90 mg g À1 of alcian blue, 70 mg g À1 and 124 mg g À1 of methylene blue, 50 mg g À1 and 108 mg g À1 of neutral red as well as 35 mg g À1 and 40 mg g À1 of coomassie brilliant blue from water, respectively. Both materials did not show significant extraction affinity towards heavy metal ions such as Pb 2þ (1 mg g À1), Ni 2þ (4 mg g À1 for corn fiber and 12 mg g À1 for luffa peels), and chromate (3 mg g À1 for corn fibers and 6 mg g À1 for luffa peels) ions from water. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to understand the adsorption process on the surface of the adsorbents. Langmuir isotherm model yielded the best fit for the data obtained in the study, indicating a monolayer adsorption of pollutants on the adsorbent surface. Both adsorbents can be regenerated at acidic pH and could be reused for up to five cycles without significant loss of efficiency. Our experimental results suggest that both natural materials are effective towards removing dissolved dyes from water.

- by Murat Ateş
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- Conducting Polymers, Polymers, Organic Synthesis, #Monomers
- by Tito Viswanathan
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- Inorganic Chemistry, Composites, Solid State Chemistry, Conducting Polymers

This review article focuses on several approaches in the characterization and modification of carbon surfaces
with electrocoated thin films which has been realized by recent progress in experimental methods.
Electropolymerization and electrocopolymerization of -conjugated polymers (pyrrole, carbazole, Nvinylcarbazole
and aniline) onto carbon surfaces are reviewed with 348 references. Particular emphasis
is placed on the recent nanoscale surface characterization techniques applied to the resulting electrocoated
polymers onto carbon fibers (i.e., scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV),
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), focused ion beam-secondary ion
mass spectroscopy (FIB-SIMS), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (reflectance-FTIR), and Raman
spectroscopic measurements).
The electrochemical deposition of conducting polymers on carbon substrates has been studied with the
goal of improving the properties of these polymers so as to use them as electrodes in different applications:
batteries, sensors, capacitors or electrochromic displays. The synthesis and characterization of high
surface area nanomaterials, such as nanotubes and nanowires, have been carried out extensively in the
past few years. The electrochemical doped process of polypyrrole, polycarbazole, poly(N-vinylcarbazole)
and polyaniline thin films on carbon surfaces in different solutions has been investigated in this review
article.
We suggest guidelines that can be applied to a range of in vivo microsensor applications for evaluation
of analyte identification and improvement of selectivity. Various modified materials have been used on
carbon-based electrodes to investigate and detect biologically important redox species, which biosensors
represent a broad area of technology useful for environmental, food monitoring and clinical applications.

- by Murat Ateş
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- Biosensors, Nanobiotechnology, Carbon Nanotubes, Conducting Polymers
- by Marc Abadie
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- Materials Engineering, Conducting Polymers, Polyimide composites
- by med zam
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- Engineering, Materials Chemistry, Conducting Polymers, Conducting Polymer

"Organic polymers have such useful properties as durability, easy processibility, low density, and a rather low cost. One more property, namely electrical conductivity of the polymers with conjugated double bonds, was unexpected. Attempts to combine the properties of metals (conductivity) and those of polymers mentioned above were made for a long time. Mechanical mixing of powders of a metal or graphite with polymers could not give a material with high parameters without a deterioration of electrical conductivity or economic utility. Increasing the metal content results in an increase in conductivity but raises the cost of the product and lowers the mechanical parameters inherent in polymers [I]. A new class of organic polymers that conduct an electrical current, which are sometimes called "organic
metals," occupies an intermediate position between semiconductors and metals in the 10-9-l@ S/cm range"

- by Dmitry Belov
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- Polymer Chemistry, Conducting Polymers, Lithium-Ion Battery, Polymer Composites
- by James Njuguna
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- Engineering, Materials Science, Conducting Polymers, Polymer Blends
- by dishank santwani
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- Conducting Polymers

Composite films of polypyrrole-poly(vinyl sulphonic acid) (Ppy-PVS), polypyrrole-p-toluene sulphonic acid (Ppy-pTS) and polypyrrole-dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid (Ppy-DBS) were synthesized on ITO coated glass, using electrochemical polymerization. The synthesized films were characterized using electrochemical technique, electrical conductivity, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectra, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study reveals that Ppy-PVS composite films provide a polymer matrix with very good mechanical and

- by Haridas Kharat
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- Engineering, Materials Science, Composites, Scanning Electron Microscopy

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 38 (1999) pp. 931935 Part 1, No. 2A, February 1999 c 1999 Publication Board, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics ... Electronic Properties and Electroluminescence of Monosubstituted Polyacetylenes and Their... more

- by Rahmat Wahyu Hidayat
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- Conducting Polymers, Mathematical Sciences, Physical sciences, Excitons
- by Lauren Selle
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- Japanese Anime, Conducting Polymers

The development of a novel hybrid symmetric micro-ultracapacitor based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coated silicon nanowires using an ionic liquid (N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) as an electrolyte has been demonstrated. The hybrid supercapacitor device was able to deliver a specific energy of 10 Wh kg-1 and a maximal power density of 85 kW kg-1 at a cell voltage of 1.5 V. The hybrid device exhibited long lifetime and an outstanding electrochemical stability retaining 80 % of the initial capacitance after thousands of galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles at a high current density of 1 mA cm-2. The improvement of the capacitive properties compared with the bare SiNWs was attributed to the pseudo-capacitive behavior induced by the conducting polymer coating.

- by vanesa ruiz
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- Materials Science, Electrochemistry, Conducting Polymers, Supercapacitors
- by Niranjan Karak
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- Materials Engineering, Chemistry, Morphology, Conducting Polymers

ABSTRACT This article verifies the hysteresis phenomenon in heat–voltage curves of polypyrrole-coated electrospun nanofibrous and regular fibrous mats. A third-order polynomial model fits the heat–voltage data better than a second-order polynomial model. It was also observed that the hysteresis loop area of nanofibrous and regular fibrous mats increases with decreasing fiber diameter. Moreover, the curvature of the hysteresis loops is significantly affected by the fiber diameter. In fact, the slope of the curvatures increases with decreasing fiber diameter.

- by Hossein Tavanai
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- Nanofibers, Electronic Materials, Conducting Polymers, Polypyrrole

Several types of polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (Ppy) nanocomposites with embedded glucose oxidase (GOx) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were formed by enzymatic polymerization of corresponding monomers (aniline and pyrrole) in the presence of 6 and 13 nm diameter colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs (6nm) or AuNPs (13nm) , respectively) or chloroaurate ions (AuCl 4 −). Glucose oxidase in the presence of glucose generated H 2 O 2 , which acted as initiator of polymerization reaction. The influence of polymerization bulk composition and pH on the formation of PANI-and Ppy-based nanocomposites was investigated spectrophotometrically. The highest formation rate of PANI-and Ppy-based nanocomposites with embedded glucose oxidase and gold nanoparticles (PANI/AuNPs-GOx and Ppy/AuNPs-GOx, respectively) was observed in the solution of sodium acetate buffer, pH 6.0. It was determined that the presence of AuNPs or AuCl 4 − ions facilitate enzymatic polymerization of aniline and pyrrole.

- by Arunas Ramanavicius
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- Conducting Polymers, Cyclic Voltammetry, Polyaniline, Gold Nanoparticles

Corrosion defined as the deterioration of a material when it interacts with its environment is a global problem. Among the different strategies employed to combat corrosion, the use of coatings and corrosion inhibitors are the most popular. Coatings or corrosion inhibitors form a layer over the metallic substrate and protect it against corrosion. Polymers, both naturally occurring and synthetic have been tested for metal corrosion protection as replacement for the toxic inorganic and organic corrosion inhibitors. Interest in them stems from their availability, cost effectiveness, and eco-friendliness (especially for natural polymers) in addition to the inherent stability and multiple adsorption centers. However, it is found that most polymeric materials studied are moderate corrosion inhibitors. Several attempts such as copolymerization, addition of substances that exert synergistic effect, cross linking, blending, and most recently incorporation of inorganic substances in nano size into the polymer matrix have been made to improve the inhibition ability of polymers. In this review, the application of conducting polymers, polymer composites and nanocomposites for corrosion protection of different industrial metal substrates are explored based on reported experimental data and their mechanism of inhibition explained. Some identified drawbacks and future direction in this area have also been highlighted.

- by Moses Solomon
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- Nanocomposites, Conducting Polymers, Corrosion Protection, Polymer Composites
- by Abhijit Ganguly
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- Conducting Polymers, Energy Science and Engineering