Crew Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

- by
- •
- Engineering, Crew Resource Management, Academic, Crew

Construction work is executed by a variety of specialty trades, using group of workers commonly known as crews. Performance of these crews is very crucial to the work being executed and consequently for the overall project performance. Yet decisions regarding how to design a crew (makeup and how work itself will flow) and improve their performance are addressed in an ad hoc fashion, if at all. Also, despite the clear significance of crew design, only a modest scholarly interest in this area has been seen in the last two ...

- by Tariq Abdelhamid
- •
- Crew

Increased cockpit automation on modern jet aircraft aim to reduce the risk of Undesired Aircraft State (UAS) instances such as Loss of Control in Flight (LOC-I). Although LOC-I globally accounts for only 9% of all analysed accidents IATA has reported that it was responsible for 58% of all accident fatalities in 2017. The focus of this paper is to answer whether Threat and Error Management and Crew Resources Management (CRM) techniques are an efficient risk management tool when facing a LOC-I threat. Three LOC-I final aircraft accident reports were analysed to understand the structure of Human Factors (HF) during these flights. Methods from the HF field such as the Generic Error Modelling System (GEMS) and Skill-, Rule-and Knowledge-based (SRK) error approach provided invaluable insights to identify potential findings. A holistic investigation of cognitive structures in flight path management helped to visualise latent conditions and cognitively demanding tasks during LOC-I in routine operations. Bearing in mind the limited number of cases considered in this paper it should be considered as an overview in LOC-I accident analysis. It shows that leadership and teamwork, as essential aspects of CRM training, can serve as key strategies to mitigate HF problems and LOC-I risks.

- by Ivan Sikora
- •
- Crew Resource Management, Training, Human Factors in Aviation, Automation

This study was carried out for the purpose to research the relationship between pilot's leadership styles and crew resource management practices. The data obtained were collected from 104 pilots working at the airports in Istanbul by survey data collection method; 3 of them were deemed invalid and 101 questionnaires were tested in the SPSS'21 package program. Factor analysis was executed to test the validity and reliability of the scales and as a result of the normality analysis applied, spearmen correlation analysis was applied based on the assumption that the distribution was not normal; linear regression analysis was applied to test the effect hypothesis. As consequence of the regression analysis, ıt has been revealed that has a meaningful and positive effect on attitudes towards the cockpit management of the pilot's autocratic leadership style; on attitudes towards individual performance in stress, fatigue and emergency situations of democratic leadership style; on attitudes towards communication, coordination and teamwork of libertarian leadership style. It is thought that the study will contribute to the understanding of the "leadership approaches of pilots" in crew resource management practices and thus contribute to flight safety.

- by MELIH BASDEMIR
- •
- Leadership, Crew Resource Management, Flight Safety, Flight operations

- by Michael Krentz
- •
- Engineering, Medicine, Absenteeism, Aeronautics

The majority of aviation accidents are still attributed to human error, with flight crew actions accounting for the majority of these mishaps. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has identified 12 behavioral traps that can ensnare even experienced pilots. This study examined the FAA-defined behavioral traps and the regularity with which they occurred in flight crew related accidents. The top three traps were Neglect of Flight Planning, Preflight Inspection, and Checklists; Loss of Positional or Situational Awareness; and Getting Behind the Aircraft, which were found in 72%, 61%, and 48% of aviation accidents, respectively. The results showed the contributing factors of training inadequacies/lack of Crew Resource Management, night, and low ceiling and/or visibility compounded the effects of the unsafe attitudes. These conditions were found in 48%, 46%, and 42% of accidents, respectively. Approximately three out of four aviation accidents result from human error (FAA, 2009). The FAA uses studies in human behavior in an effort to reduce human error in aviation accidents. Flying consists of decision making activities, some of which are routine, others more complex. Effective aeronautical decision making (ADM) is essential to flight safety. The first two steps of ADM are "(1) identifying personal attitudes hazardous to safe flight and (2) learning behavior modification techniques" (FAA, 2009, p. 5-3).

- by Jonathan Velazquez, Ph.D.
- •
- Engineering, Aviation, Aviation Safety, Aeronautics

A deployed U.S. Navy aircraft carrier is a hazardous environment where work and recreation intermingle. Injuries causing time lost from assigned duties may impact aviation safety and operational readiness. This descriptive study examines injuries sustained on the flight deck, in the hangar bay, or in the gym of a deployed aircraft carrier, focusing on those injuries resulting in lost duty days. Injuries recorded by the ship's medical department were analyzed, relating lost duty injuries to the following parameters: division, rank, time of day, location of injury event, whether injury was job-related or recreational, type of recreational activity, and mechanism, type, and anatomic site of injury. During a 6-mo deployment, 335 injuries occurred in the shipboard locations studied. More than one-third (36%) of these injuries resulted in lost duty time, accounting for 768 man-days of lost duty during the deployment. Recreational injuries represented 19% of all injuries, but 25% of all lost duty injuries, a statistically significant contribution to lost duty time when compared to job-related injuries (p = 0.04). The sports of basketball, volleyball, and football were more likely than other recreational activities to cause injuries resulting in lost duty time (p = 0.01). Musculoskeletal injuries, particularly injuries involving the lower extremity, neck, and back, were also associated with increased risk of lost duty time (p < 0.001). Although recreational injuries are less frequent than job-related injuries in the study population, they contribute disproportionately to lost duty time. Injury prevention in similar environments should address recreational as well as work-related activities.

- by Michael Krentz
- •
- Engineering, Medicine, Absenteeism, Aeronautics

This thesis was born as product development as a way of research in response to the needs of airline FINNAIR Oyj when presented with the raging COVID-19 pandemic and the need to keep on training (Recurrent training) of their flying personnel while following requirements by the aviation authorities and keeping with the safety measures. This research aims to evaluate Finnair’s improvised online training methods as a way to improve them and help the airline better prepare for similar situations in the future. This work starts by giving background into the airline in question, the aviation business and its training, and a current state of aviation moving on to the methodology. Data collection and analysis come next, followed by results, discussion, conclusion, and learning outcomes. The study was conducted as qualitative research collecting data utilizing semi-structured interviews with three groups: 7 Cabin Crew members, 12 of Finnair’s Cabin Crew instructors, and 5 different airlines ...

- by Florencia Kallonen
- •
- Aviation, Airlines, Education and Training, Pandemics

Health care professionals work in a complex environment. Care of patients in high-acuity areas, such as intensive care units, emergency rooms, operating rooms, and labor and delivery suites, require the constant input of expertise from individuals with varying backgrounds and training. Anesthesiologists, nurses, surgeons, pediatricians, intensivists, respiratory therapists, attendants, and technicians need to work with each other to deliver care in the safest possible manner. Yet, when these highly qualified individuals train in their formative years, hardly any attention is spent on role crossover and they often do not have a clear appreciation of each other's priorities and responsibilities. Health care professionals have long been ingrained to function as responsible individual experts taking responsibility, credit, and blame for individual actions. High-reliability organizations (HROs) are institutions where individuals, working together in high-acuity situations facing great potential for error and disastrous consequences, consistently deliver care and positive results with minimal errors. Health care today in the United States can hardly qualify as an HRO [1].

- by Richard Blum
- •
- Anesthesiology, Leadership, Medical Education, Crew Resource Management

La patología traumática grave es una de las principales causas de mortalidad evitable a nivel mundial. Los programas internacionales de asistencia al paciente traumatizado, Advanced trauma life support (ATLS) y Prehospital trauma life support (PHTLS) orientan a una metodología de diagnóstico para la evaluación y el tratamiento por prioridades, siguiendo las valoraciones Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Expose/Environment (ABCDE) o Exanguination, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Expose/Environment (XABCDE) 1. La clave de ambos es identificar y solucionar las lesiones que suponen un compromiso vital inmediato, dependiendo la supervivencia del paciente en gran medida del enfoque realizado por el Servicio de Urgencia Extrahospitalario (SUE). La inclusión de la metodología «Pit Crew» (equipo de boxes) iniciada por la American Heart Association (AHA) en la reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) mejora la coordinación, la seguridad y los resultados. Esta metodología extrapola el enfoque coreografiado de los mecánicos de la fórmula uno, a la asistencia sanitaria en RCP 2,3. La metodología «Pit Crew» ha sido adaptada a distintos contextos asistenciales, como por ejemplo, en pacientes con COVID-19 y podría acuñarse en los modelos de asistencia al trauma grave 4. Encontramos diferentes fases en esta * Autor para correspondencia.

- by Manuel Pardo Ríos
- •
- Atencion Primaria De La Salud, Crew, atención primaria

Aviation and space medicine face many common musculoskeletal challenges that manifest in crew of rotary-wing aircraft (RWA), high-performance jet aircraft (HPJA), and spacecraft. Furthermore, many astronauts are former pilots of RWA or HPJA. Flight crew are exposed to recurrent musculoskeletal risk relating to the extreme environments in which they operate, including high-gravitational force equivalents (g-forces), altered gravitational vectors, vibratory loading, and interaction with equipment. Several countermeasures have been implemented or are currently under development to reduce the magnitude and frequency of these injuries. Cervical and lumbar spine, as well as extremity injuries, are common to aviators and astronauts, and occur in training and operational environments. Stress on the spinal column secondary to gravitational loading and unloading, ± vibration are implicated in the development of pain syndromes and intervertebral disk pathology. While necessary for operation in...

- by Bethany Shivers
- •
- Human Spaceflight, Spaceflight, Medicine, Aeronautics

The rapid growth of digital imaging applications, including desktop publishing, multimedia, teleconferencing and high definition television, (HDTV) has increased the need of effective image processing. While processing any data, it requires large memory space for storage, which ultimately increases the transmission time. In order to save memory space and speed up the rate of transmission of data over networks, data compression is essential. Technically all image data Compressed into two groups as lossless and lossy. Some information is lost in the lossy compression, especially for radiological images. In this paper Non standard size still images are compressed by CREW using MATLAB. It uses a new form of wavelet transform technology. It is pyramidal (similar to hierarchical) and progressive by nature. From results it is observed that CREW provides higher compression ratio as compared to JPEG compression with same quality of image. The PSNR is also in acceptable range.

- by Editor IJRET
- •
- Image Processing, Image compression, JPEG, Crew