Airlines Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Airlines, Sky Team
- by Emmanuel Dorméus
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- Management in Airlines, Airline Industry, Airline marketing, Airline operations

This purpose of this study is to determine level of employees’ job satisfaction and to investigate effect of gender on employees’ job satisfaction. Important factors that have an impact on job satisfaction are supervision, relationship with co-workers, present pay, nature of work, and opportunities for promotion. Data for this study was collected from employees of three private airline companies in Iran. Descriptive analysis performed to determine level of employees’ job satisfaction. In addition, independent-sample t-test was utilized to empirically test relationship between employees’ job satisfaction and their gender. Findings suggest that employees are moderately satisfied with their job and there is no significant difference between male and female employees’ job satisfaction.

- by azadeh tourani
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- Iran, Nature of work, Airline Industry, Airlines

Abstract Airlines explain the purchase of oversized aircraft by flexibility within flight operations despite potentially higher fuel consumption and operating costs. In this paper assessment and attributes of flexibility as a criterion is presented and evaluated. A survey was sent to airlines worldwide to explore the motivation for flexibility and desired aircraft characteristics, fleet structure, and flexibility parameters. The results show that flexibility is considered a vital feature and almost as important as direct operating costs. It is also shown that an aircraft's range capacity and commonality in particular facilitate many flexible applications. Overall, higher flexibility is accompanied by higher operating costs.

- by E. Stumpf
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- Aviation, Urban And Regional Planning, Air Traffic Management, Flexibility

This paper provides the conclusions after applying Agent Based Modelling to solve different hub airline delay situations. The airlines are provided with different strategies to act when delay is encountered in the different stages. Cost optimisation strategies show that delay is transferred from connecting passengers to non-connecting passengers to reduce the amount of missing connections. The optimisation of costs reaches 0.7% in nominal delay conditions. Scenarios with higher fuel costs show aircraft flying slower to reduce fuel costs, increasing delay costs.

- by Alberto Blanch and +1
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- Airline Economics, Management in Airlines, Airline operations, Airport Operations

Harmonising Regulatory and Antitrust Regimes for International Air Transport addresses the timely and problematic issue of lack of uniformity in legal standards for international civil aviation.
First, it focuses on discrepancies within the regulatory and antitrust framework and possible solutions thereto. Possible strategies for multilateralisation and defragmentation of air law are discussed, including those within the ICAO and WTO systems, as well as privatisation, trans-national cooperation and consolidation between airlines.
This is followed by a debate on international harmonisation of air policy and economic regulation with competition law and policy. This part deliberates on the peculiarities of the latter framework, such as ‘extraterritorial’ application (effects doctrine) and antitrust immunities. Specific legal problems concerning airline alliance activities are also addressed, such as code-sharing, leasing, franchising and common branding, as well as metal-neutral joint ventures and real air carrier mergers.
The discussion extends to competition and possible conflicts between air transport law and other legal regimes, including space law, environmental law (carbon offsetting schemes) and labour law, which are relevant to aviation and growing aerospace activities. The study also contributes to some specific regulatory problems, such as possible regulation of space tourism under air law, airline ownership and control, balance between aviation safety and airline liberalisation, development of regional liberalisation initiatives and solutions to eliminate air connectivity gaps.
The unique feature of the book is that it reconciles distinct perspectives on these issues presented by renowned aviation and aerospace experts who represent world’s key air transport markets and air law academic centres.

- by Jan Walulik
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- Airline Economics, Aviation, Aviation Safety, Aviation Law

Road traffic injuries are the second leading cause of death in Iran. After the 11th September tragedy many people all over the world changed their traveling behavior to rail and road transport. Following the Urmia air crash (2011) we aimed to investigate Iranians׳ attitudes and behaviors towards air travel. A cross-sectional telephone survey was performed on the residents of Tehran. A valid combined questionnaire was utilized to collect the information considering different aspects that may influence people׳s perception about their environment and events. Half of the population had concerns about safely reaching their destination while traveling by Iranian airlines. The most important characteristics which affected the interviewees׳ confidence in air-travel were their socioeconomic status and fear of restriction. Moreover, their economic status and connection to world network affected their perception of safety when comparing the Iranian airlines with their foreign counterparts. Old airplanes with technical defects (as a result of long-term sanctions) were the main reasons for people to feel unsafe. The international sanctions against Iran have influenced the Iranian population׳s conception of national airlines; these results remind us of the importance of the Chicago Convention and human rights.

An increasing use of technology in service delivery presents challenges for businesses, in particular in relation to how customers perceive specific technology-enabled services (TESs) and which TESs they embrace. This study investigates the influence of technology readiness (TR) on travelers’ perceived importance of various airline TESs. Results reveal three categories of TESs: Established, Network Access, and New. Two dimensions of TR—Optimism and Innovativeness—were significantly associated with the perceived importance of TESs. Respondents who reported higher levels of Optimism rated Established TESs as particularly important. In contrast, respondents high on Innovativeness rated Network Access and New TESs as more important. The association between TR dimensions and perceived importance of TESs was more evident in customers of low-cost carriers than in customers of full-service airlines. This study contributes to the TES and TR literature by explaining why a TES may be more (or less) important to different customers through the association of the TR construct.

- by Ying Wang and +1
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- Tourism Marketing, Services Marketing and Management, Tourism and Hospitality Marketing, Travel and Tourism Industry

Current primary flight training methods and requirements are unsustainable related to the industry forecasted pilot shortage (Boeing, 2019 a, b; FAA, 2019). According to current pilot data released by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) (2018), private pilot output is not enough for future industry demands. Since a 2011 Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) (2010) report on student pilot drop-out rates was released, the rate has improved and is trending in a positive direction. The FAA has taken steps to increase sustainability through standards and regulatory changes (FAA, 2016; King, 2016, Miller, 2015). Time allowed to complete pilot training and the methods of assessment were both updated in 2016. Statistical tests comparing drop-out rates before and after implementation show significant affect. Within five years, the drop-out rates and pilot growth could become sustainable for pilot demand forecasts. Correlation between original Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) issuance and original private pilot certificate issuance has a strong correlation. However, the number of new student pilots to new CFIs does not have a strong correlation. This leads the author to conclude there is a relationship between CFI availability and flight training volume sustainability. In addition to pilot output volume, the industry requires increased safety and competency. Statistical analysis concludes that flight training has not produced more-competent or more-safe pilots since the FAA changes. Statistical correlation between new CFIs and knowledge test scores show a relationship with instructional accidents. Prior research indicates the instructional quality and factors related to CFIs may result in flight training unsustainability (Aguilar, 2004; AOPA, 2010; Blair, 2018). The aviation industry and flight training management should invest more in certified flight instructor training and retention than in student pilot recruitment to improve flight training sustainability volume, safety, and competency.

- by Christina Daumer
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- General Aviation, Aviation, Aviation Safety, Airlines

Accessibility of a destination is an important factor affecting the volume of arrivals to a region. This paper discusses the role of direct flights in development of tourism in Turkey by analyzing Turkish Airlines (THY / TK). THY has transformed into a leading airline by number of international destinations served within the past decade. Parallel to THY, Turkey as a tourist destination also experienced a metronomic rise in international arrivals. Secondary data is used to assess the number of international arrivals to Turkey before and after her air connectivity with certain countries is established. Findings confirm that direct flights to/from generating regions have significant impact on number of arrivals to destinations. Considering availability of direct flights to/from a destination as an important determinant of momentum in tourism development, the cost-benefits analysis of new flight routes would be based on a more holistic approach rather than mere airline revenue and costs.

- by Gurel Cetin
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- Accessibility, Airlines, Destination Development, Thy

Sampai saat ini belum ada yang dapat memprediksi kapan pandemi Corona ini akan berakhir. Semakin lama krisis ini berlangsung semakin menderita berapa sektoral yang terpuruk, misalkan perhotelan, usaha perfilman, penerbangan, perhubungan, mall, Entertainment, MICE, Travel, namun adapula ang mengalami booming, yaitu sektor industri online, asuransi dan kesehatan. Semua orang mempercayai bahwa didalam krisis selalu ada peluang untuk dikembangkan, misalkan pada sektor komunikasi, peningkatan penggunaan media sosial didalam berkomunikasi sehari-hari pada saat krisis ini merupakan lompatan yang sangat besar. Perubahan perilaku berkomunikasi ini sebagai dampak dari social distincing yang diterapkan selama periode krisis Covid-19 ini. Perilaku sebagian masyarakat yang cenderung masih menyukai berkomunikasi secara konventional (face to face) dipaksakan untuk bergeser melalui media digital. Komunikasi pada saat krisis ini mempunyai peranan penyeimbang didalam menjaga manusia agar tetap dapat berinteraksi antar sesama sebagaimana kodratnya sebagai makluk sosial. Dalam buku Pengantar Ilmu Komunikasi karya John Fiske menyampaikan bahwa dalam model Newcomb (1953) bahwa peran-peran yang terlibat dalam berkomunikasi mempunyai fungsi memelihara keseimbangan dalam sistem sosial, dalam model ini menyatakan bahwa semua orang yang terlibat membutuhkan informasi dan tanpa media kita tidak bisa merasakan diri kita sebagai bagian dari masyarakat (John Fiske, 1990). Hal ini tercermin pada saat krisis ini, peranan media komunikasi seperti penggunaan Zoom, telpon genggam dan media online lainnya merupakan alat utama untuk berinteraksi antar individu selama krisis covid-19 ini. Namun perubahan perilaku yang instan dan keterpaksaan yang disebabkan oleh krisis juga merupakan batu sandungan dalam berkomunikasi. Seringkali

- by Boedi Priantoro
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- Marketing, Communication, Social Sciences, Services' Marketing

Handling of complaints in airline companies that consider customer satisfaction has a significant impact on customer retention. Customer complaints provide great opportunities for detecting and eliminating weaknesses, and for preventing similar problems. Thus, airline companies should pay attention to customer complaints in order to improve themselves, increase their profits and to ensure their continuity. Within this context, the online complaints submitted between February 2018 and February 2019 regarding Turkish Airlines to the most-visited customer complaint website in Turkey, 'www.sikayetvar.com'; , were reviewed in this study, and it was aimed to determine the most common subjects of complaint. The complaints were evaluated through one of the qualitative research methods, content analysis. The complaints were categorized, and the most common subjects of customer complaints were determined. This study aims to reveal the types of weaknesses in services delivered by Turkish Airlines Company. The most common subjects of complaint were found to be about damaged and lost luggage, Turkish Airlines loyalty card; Miles and Smiles card, delays and ticket refunds. At the end of this study, suggestions were made for Turkish Airlines and the relevant literature. 1. Introduction Commercial businesses should develop new strategies by prioritizing customer expectations in both production, sales and marketing processes in order to fulfil their prospective targets and to survive in an increasingly competitive environment. It is seen that the enterprises that increase customer satisfaction by planning the production and marketing process with a customer focus and reduce their complaints are more preferred by consumers. Increasing product range and options for customers also make things difficult for businesses in terms of stepping forward and satisfying the customers. Customer satisfaction minimizes customer complaints and increases revenues, customer retention and more frequent and repeated customer visits to the enterprise (Alabay, 2012). Accurate and efficient customer complaint management is important for preventing future customer turnover. As such, literature suggests that approximately 96 per cent of unsatisfied customers would not complain and many of these customers leave the company to try other alternatives (Alabay, 2012; Barış, 2006). Within this context, considering the fact that only four per cent of unsatisfied customers states their grievances to the companies, it would be to the point that the incoming complaints should be considered 25 times more than the actual number of complaints (Alabay, 2012). Domestic and international travels have become a common activity for modern people. The primary drivers for travelling are the needs to escape from the daily routine,

- by Duygu Yetgin
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- Satisfaction, Airlines

Purpose No studies have assessed the prevalence of fatigue, depression, sleepiness, and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among commercial airlines pilots in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Methods This was a quantitative crosssectional study conducted among pilots who were on active duty and had flown during the past 6 months for one of three commercial airline companies. We included participants with age between 20 and 65 years. Data were collected using a predesigned electronic questionnaire composed of questions related to demographic information in addition to the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), the Berlin Questionnaire, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results The study included 328 pilots with a mean age ± standard deviation of 41.4 ± 9.7 years. Overall, 224 (68.3%) pilots had an FSS score ≥ 36 indicating severe fatigue and 221 (67.4%) reported making mistakes in the cockpit because of fatigue. One hundred and twelve (34.1%) pilots had an ESS score ≥ 10 indicating excessive daytime sleepiness and 148 (45.1%) reported falling asleep at the controls at least once without previously agreeing with their colleagues. One hundred and thirteen (34.5%) pilots had an abnormal HADS depression score (≥ 8), and 96 (29.3%) pilots were at high risk for OSA requiring further assessment. Conclusion Fatigue, sleepiness, risk of OSA, and depression are prevalent among GCC commercial airline pilots. Regular assessment by aviation authorities is needed to detect and treat these medical problems.

- by Ahmed S BaHammam
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- Depression, Sleep Apnea, Airlines, ANXIETY

Purpose: This study investigates what Turkish Airlines as a global airline company reports for corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts on its corporate website by developing a framework assessing reports of airline companies’ CSR practices.
Design/methodology/approach: Content analysis was conducted on reports, documents, and written policies published on the Turkish Airlines corporate website by the end of 2017.
Findings: The research findings suggest that Turkish Airlines publishes numerous reports highlighting their CSR activities. The study results show that Turkish Airlines reports its CSR activities through reports, documents, and written policies. While the CSR reporting
efforts deal with all CSR areas, the environmental dimension is the mostly emphasized area.
Practical Implications: The study provides a model and data-driven analyses for decisionmakers and policymakers.
Originality/Value: As one of the first study in the field, this research examines CSR reporting efforts in the airline industry via a new framework developed for airline companies.

Purpose The rapid digital transformation (DX) that airlines experienced during the past decade has been proven to be the driving force of significant benefits for the airlines when it comes to cost reduction, branding and revenue opportunities when passengers purchase tickets and ancillaries directly from their websites. This paper aims to contribute empirically to the theoretical approaches of DX and revenue management (RM) with the investigation of the Aegean airlines DX progress, focusing on emerging RM practices and digital distribution channels. Design/methodology/approach A content analysis of the airlines’ website and social media performance is used to note the current situation combined with previous and upcoming developments. Evaluation of the company’s digitalization progress is approached by using a combination of two selected DX models, the digital transformation maturity (DTM) concept and the technology acceptance model (TAM). Findings The analysis of qualitative and q...

- by Vicky Katsoni
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- Technology, Revenue Management, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Airlines

Digitalization has penetrated air transport industry conquering airlines and airports as well. Air services are now accessible easily and conveniently through user friendly online distribution channels that carriers are continuously developing. Customer oriented digitalization has been promoted to meet the new patterns in consumption, as well as the demand generated by the profile customization in products and services provided by the airlines. This paper aims to highlight the benefits from the digitalization of air services, focusing on airline distribution channels. Literature review and some business oriented perspective are developed to define the context of the digital transformation process and the potentials that arise for the company itself, for its passengers and its partners, in order to depict the evolution in air services distribution channel strategy, through the rapid digital transformation (DX) that airlines experience during the last decade. Digital transformation ma...

- by Vicky Katsoni
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- Airlines, Distribution Channels, Airlines services, Travel Tourism
- by JIS JOY THOTTAN
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- Travel & Tourism, Airlines, Travel Agency Management, Sabre
- by Kasım Kiracı
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- Financial Risk Management, Airlines

This article analyzes the effects of job loss on the occupational identities of a group of United States pilots, laid-off (or 'furloughed') twice by their employer in the decade following 9/11. Using a narrative methodology, the paper examines how the childhood dream of flying, referred to as the Phäethon dream, serves as an identity anchor that sustained their occupational identities. When the circumstances of the aviation industry (restructuring, outsourcing and downsizing) led to extensive lay-offs this identity anchor functioned in two contrasting ways. Some pilots moved on to retrain and start new careers, without abandoning their occupational identities or relinquishing the dream of flying. Another group of pilots, however, were stuck in occupational limbo waiting to be recalled by their employer, unwilling to forsake this dream and refusing to contemplate a move that would decisively take them out of their pilot seats. The paper’s contribution lies in theorizing how a dream originating in childhood, linked to a long-standing archetype of flying and subsequently hardened into a shared occupational fantasy, acts as an identity anchor and how this shapes responses to the trauma of job loss. The paper concludes by linking the Phaëthon dream to its mythological counterpart in order to highlight its enduring, shared and unconscious character.

- by Yiannis GABRIEL
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- Storytelling, Unemployment, Identity, Pilot

Flight delay is a critical nation wide issue that has negative impacts on both airlines and passengers. However, airlines do not
perform equally in term of on-time arrival rates. The purpose of this paper is to develop airline segmentation in the market
based on the on-time performance. Cluster analysis was performed using flight delay data collected from the Bureau of
Transportation Statistics (BTS) databases. The results indicate three major segments in the airline market based on similarities
among airlines in regard to their on-time performance. The differences of on-time performance across these segments
and the airline profile of each segment provide airlines and passengers useful information to make meaningful decisions.

‘HEPA/MERV’ (High Efficiency Particulate Air / Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value) filtration technologies are consistently advertised with efficiency ‘claims’ close to 100%. Although such results may be achieved during specific short-term laboratory testing, they are completely ‘unsubstantiated’ in relation to the ‘effectiveness’ of the device under actual operating scenarios for capturing particulate matter (PM), micro-organisms and toxic chemicals!

- by Rein Andre Roos and +1
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- Air pollution, Air Pollution and Health Effects, Management in Airlines, Airline operations

Spill models estimate average passenger loads when demand occasionally exceeds capacity. Such models have been in use for over 20 years. The shape of the distribution of demand is discussed from both theory and observation. Sources of variance are identified and calibrated. Measurement problems and techniques are discussed. Two alternate spill formulas are presented. A model revision responds to changes in process caused by computer reservations systems and revenue management. The concept that spill losses should be valued at discount fares is discussed. The recapture of spilled demand is presented as well as when such a phenomenon is relevant. Comparison of various sources of error is included. Finally, the use of spill models " in reverse " to imply demand from load is shown to have poor accuracy. The paper is meant to offer to the literature a reference for basic use. It is the result of 20 years' involvement in spill model derivations, calibrations, and applications.

- by William Swan
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- Airlines
- by angela stefania bergantino
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- Management in Airlines, Airlines

Southwest Airlines arguably has the best quality and on time performance figures of any airline. The airlines success is often put down company leadership which has shaped Southwest’s culture into one which values, altruism, and trust success. Analysts points to high performance relationships based around shared goals, shared knowledge, mutual respect and frequent and effective communication as the real underlying reasons for the airlines success. Gittell calls this Relational Coordination. Although relationships are relatively ‘soft’ organisational factors and easy to neglect authors argues that shared goals, shared knowledge and mutual respect can all make substantial contributions to effective coordination and subsequently to the efficiency and quality of organisational performance. Likewise analysts also found that communication and relationships were highly correlated and when employees engaged in frequent, timely, problem-solving communication, relationships of the type noted above flourished.

- by Bartłomiej Czerkowski
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- Relational Communication, Airlines, Linie lotnicze

subvention for airline industry was only availiable for Turkish Airlines which led to unfair competition. That was a barrier preventing private airline companies from entering into market. After the amendments regulated by Ministry of Transportation in 2003, competition in domestic flights was allowed and the barriers that inhibited private airline companies from entering into market was removed. Not only the market was liberalized but also some additional taxes were cancelled and some airport service charges were reduced. The cost of arilines reduced which led to noticeable reduction of ticket prices. Afterwards total number of passengers increased year by year.

- by Eren Özçelik
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- Marketing, Brand Management, Airline Economics, Marketing Management

One of the most affected global industries due to the COVID-19 pandemic is the Aviation Industry. Interestingly, at the same time, the Aviation Industry is also responsible for spreading the virus globally. The immediate effect is evident as Asian, European, and American carriers’ revenues are in free fall as travel restrictions mount. On 5 March, the Air Transport Association (IATA) projected a deadly hit on the global aviation industry up to $113 billion in 2020 which is one-fifth of 2019’s total revenues and four times higher than IATA estimates in February 2020. This research attempts to highlight the magnitude of the Aviation Industry's loss employing South Asia as a case study, and it contrasts the situation with certain other Asian regions by illustrating secondary data and information accessible till November 18, 2020. This paper applies a systematic review of the literature and descriptive statistics as the methodology to achieve the objective. The analysis revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic has substantially affected the revenues, personnel, and flying capacity of key airline companies in South Asia. South Asia lost more aviation capacity than the region of North-East Asia, but less than Southeast Asia.

- by MD. Shahinur Rahman
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- South Asian Studies, Airlines, Aviation Industry, COVID-19 PANDEMIC
- by Kian Griffin
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- Tourism Studies, Airline Economics, Travel & Tourism, Tourism
- by Maciej Bakun
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- World History, World War I, World War II history, Hystory
- by özlem atalık
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- Marketing, Customer Loyalty, Business Management, Business and Management

This report will attempt to analyse the Financial Performance of easyJet over the last 5 years (2008-2012). The report starts by introducing the sub-industry of the LCCs (Low Cost Carriers) as well as the chosen company, easyJet. From there, we immediately dig into the financial analysis of the company. We are approaching this analysis from, predominantly, an Investor’s angle. Even though Company Valuation and, possibly, other areas are out of the scope of this report and they would have been useful in completing the picture, we will try and shed some light on the financial health of easyJet and whether it can be seen as a potentially good investment.
easyJet’s accounts are published on the 30th of September of the respective year. We will generally be using easyJet’s Annual Reports as a source of data unless otherwise noted. In that case, the Osiris database (BvD, 2013), OneSource (OneSource, 2013) or other sources will be used. This data will act as the catalyst to different financial ratios used.

- by Hisham El Sherbini
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- Airline Economics, Airline Industry, Airlines, Financial Ratios

Both revenue management and airline schedule optimization need to characterize the distribution of likely demand outcomes. Sources have proposed both Gamma and Normal shapes for these distributions. Data suggests that a model combining both distributions is appropriate. The model explains when the Gamma shape will dominate and when the Normal will determine the shape. One consequence of this understanding is that Gamma shapes are probably better for revenue management and Normal for spill modeling. However, it takes a compound process combining the two to generate all the observed characteristics of various cases.

- by William Swan
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- Airlines

Nowadays, airline ticket prices can vary dynamically and significantly for the same flight, even for nearby seats within the same cabin. Customers are seeking to get the lowest price while airlines are trying to keep their overall revenue as high as possible and maximize their profit. Airlines use various kinds of computational techniques to increase their revenue such as demand prediction and price discrimination. From the customer side, two kinds of models are proposed by different researchers to save money for customers: models that predict the optimal time to buy a ticket and models that predict the minimum ticket price. In this paper, we present a review of customer side and airlines side prediction models. Our review analysis shows that models on both sides rely on limited set of features such as historical ticket price data, ticket purchase date and departure date. Features extracted from external factors such as social media data and search engine query are not considered. Therefore, we introduce and discuss the concept of using social media data for ticket/demand prediction.

- by Nazar Zaki
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- Social Media, Airlines, Demand Profiling and Prediction, Ticket Price

The quality of service plays a major role in service industry especially when it comes to customer satisfaction level. This paper focuses on investigating the customer’s satisfaction levels towards services provided by Saudi Airlines. For this purpose, a questionnaire was developed and distributed among 165 domestic as well as international passengers at the airport. After scrutiny, it was found that only 159 questionnaires were completed in all respects and were included in the study. The data collected afterwards were analysed in order to measure the actual satisfaction level of customers. It was found that the domestic as well as the international passengers of Saudi Arabia airlines were not happy and satisfied with the services provided by the airlines. Thus, the major problem area includes baggage handling, treatment of passengers at airport in case of any grievances, food quality, and entertainment on board. Based on the outcome of the research, certain strategies to overcome such issues were recommended by the authors.

- by European Scientific Journal ESJ
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- Customer Satisfaction, Pricing, Airlines, Baggage Handling

With the urban and industrial growth, many evolving countries suffer from excessive air pollution. The growing concern about air pollution has been raised by the government and people because it affects individual's health and sustainable development globa interpose and forecast air pollution for the whole city. for air quality forecasting based on 1D CNN, Bi the PM2.5 dataset taken from UCI Machine Learning Repository. traditional deep learning models,

- by Björn Kesten
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- Airline marketing, Airlines, Air Freight, Airline Market Analysis
- by Thirunavukkarasu A
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- Quality, Performance, Strategy, Process
- by Assoc. Prof. Ahmed A D E L Hammad
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- Business, Marketing, Tourism Studies, Tourism Marketing

Lexical metaphor functions as a rhetorical device that embellishes the texts with figurative meanings. In non-literary texts such as commercial texts on company websites, lexical metaphor can help to promote the company image and sales. It is vital in the service sector such as the airline industry where the competition is sky-high. This paper attempts to identify the lexical metaphor appearing on the English and Thai websites of Emirates Airline following Dickins' (2005) classification of lexicalised and non-lexicalised metaphors. The study also explores how the lexical metaphors are rendered into Thai by means of literal translation and adaptation. It is found that more lexicalised metaphors are identified in comparison with the non-lexicalised type. As for the types of translation, literal translation plays more part in retaining while adaptation tends to remove the original metaphorical form and meaning in the translated version.

- by pasakara Chueasuai
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- Translation Studies, Metaphor, Airlines

This study examines the market structure and competition level of the airline market in the world. In this context, it is aimed to determine the market structure and the level of competition with the market shares of certain airlines in the world. In general, airline transportation is divided into 7 different markets. These are Asia Pacific, Australasia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Middle East-Africa, North America and Western Europe. In this study, the market structure and the level of competition in the markets listed above and all over the world were examined for the period 2006-2015. In the study, CRm and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), which are the most used market concentration ratios, were used in the literature. The findings of the study show that in the mentioned markets, the market structure is generally competitive, but significant changes in market structure have taken place over the years.

- by Mehmet Yasar and +1
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- Economics, Airline Economics, Airlines, Economic Concentration

— This research was conducted at PT. Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Branch Office, Jakarta. This study aims to determine the effect of variable placement and motivation of employees working on the performance of employees. The independent variables in this study consisted of educational background (X1), the suitability of skills with job motivation (X2) and long working experience or (X3). While the dependent variable is employee job performance (Y). This research is a descriptive correlational. There are 248 persons of research population, and using random sampling approach. Research instrument used was a questionnaire. Data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis and using SPSS for Windows version 13.0. With this research will illustrate the correlation between educational background (X1), the suitability of skills with job motivation (X2) and long working experience or (X3) as a variable in the placement of employees in PT. Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Branch Office in Jakarta on employee job performance (Y).

- by nonna pasfithri
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- Effectiveness, Employee Motivation, Performance Management, Performance
- by Ferhat FK
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- Social Responsibility, Civil Aviation, Airlines

In this paper the authors will deal with the pros and cons of the low cost business model on long-haul routes. First, the development of the low cost business model will be explained. This will be followed by an analysis of why the long-haul business model has often failed in the past. The low cost airlines currently operating a long-haul low cost model will be analyzed within a business model analysis on the basis of selected criteria. This comprises the price model, route offer, aircraft types as well as distribution and marketing. Finally, there will be a judgment of the business models using empirical date and a perspective will be given.

- by Sven Gross
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- Management in Airlines, Airlines, Low cost airlines, Long-haul Low Cost Airlines

In dieser Arbeit beschäftigen sich die Autoren mit den Vor- und Nachteilen des Low Cost Geschäftsmodells auf Langstrecken. Zunächst wird die Entwicklung des Low Cost Geschäftsmodells erklärt. Darauf aufbauend wird analysiert, warum das Modell auf der Langstrecke in der Vergangenheit oft gescheitert ist. Die derzeit auf dem Markt agierenden Airlines, die dieses Modell umsetzen, werden dann mittels ausgewählter Kriterien im Rahmen einer Geschäftsmodellanalyse untersucht. Dazu zählen Preismodell, Streckenangebot, Flugzeugtypen sowie das Marketing. Den Abschluss bilden eine Bewertung der Geschäftsmodelle unter Einbeziehung von empirischen Daten sowie ein Ausblick.

- by Sven Gross
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- Tourism Studies, Travel & Tourism, Tourism, Management in Airlines

Wprowadzenie Element ten biznes planu koncentruje się szczególnie na strukturze proponowanych tras lotniczych jak i na harmonogramie lotów. Harmonogram połączeń stanowi jeden z podstawowych produktów linii lotniczej oraz jeden z najważniejszych czynników decydujących o tym, że pasażer wybiera tego a nie innego przewoźnika. Planowanie siatki połączeń jest stosunkowo trudnym zadaniem, ze względu na sporą liczbę czynników, które wpływają na ten proces. Niemniej planowanie siatki połączeń jest procedurą równie ważną, jak planowanie strategiczne, ustalanie cen, planowanie składu floty samolotów lub planowanie budżetu. W biznesie lotniczym uważa się, że sukces wielu linii lotniczych zależy przede wszystkim od efektywnego rozkładu połączeń. Rozdział ten wprowadza w zagadnienia konceptu planowania, obsługi technicznej, operacji rejsowych, planowania załóg, planowania harmonogramu oraz odpowiedniego przydziału samolotów do operacji lotniczych. Rozdział kończy się konkretnymi wskazaniami jakimi twórca biznes planu powinien się kierować podczas projektowaniu tego elementu w biznes planie. Zaczynając od podstaw, by zrozumieć czym jest siatka połączeń należałoby najpierw zadać sobie dwa istotne pytania: 1. Z jakich elementów (a są dwa główne) składa się skuteczna siatka połączeń? 2. Kto w linii lotniczej organizacyjnie zajmuje się projektowaniem siatki połączeń? W poniższych podrozdziałach postarano odpowiedzieć na te pytania. Przytoczona wiedza zostanie usystematyzowana w podsumowaniu. Dodatkowo zostaną przedstawiane i przetłumaczone branżowe pojęcia z języka angielskiego z racji uniwersalności tego języka w środowisku lotniczym. Tytułem wstępu należałoby odpowiedzieć jak jest cel planowania siatki połączeń w linii lotniczej: Harmonogram siatki połączeń by był efektywny musi realizować przede wszystkim cztery główne założenia:

- by Bartłomiej Czerkowski
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- Airlines, Network Planning
- by Henry Kopachev
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- Airlines

Nowadays, we cannot imagine the world without the airline industry, because of its fast services and huge benefits, which offers for many other industries and societies. Also, its role is critical in term of the creation of the new global... more

- by Ahmad Jm
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- Business, Management, Marketing, Strategic Studies