EIA Studies Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

In this study, we explored the potential of multi-temporal SPOT-4 VEGETATION (VGT) sensor data for characterization of temperate and boreal forests in Northeastern China. As the VGT sensor has a short-wave infrared (SWIR) band that is sensitive to vegetation, soil moisture and leaf water content, the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was calculated in addition to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). A forest map of Northeast China was generated from an unsupervised classification of 25 10-day VGT composite data (NDVI and NDWI) over the period of March 11 -20, 1999 to November 11 -20, 1999. Seven different forest categories were distinguished from the 1-km spatial resolution VGT data. The VGT forest map was compared to estimates of forest area derived from Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) images. There was a good agreement on spatial distribution and area of forest between the VGT product and the TM product, however, the VGT product provided additional information on forest type. Analysis of NDVI and NDWI over the plant growing season allows for the identification of distinct growth patterns between the different forest types. It is evident that VGT data can be used to provide timely and detailed forest maps with limited ancillary data needed. The VGT-derived forest maps could be very useful as input to biogeochemical models (particularly carbon cycle models) that require timely estimates of forest area and type. D

Em regra, os estudos ambientais são o subsídio do processo decisório de licenciamento ambiental. Considerado um dos mais notáveis e completos estudos ambientais, merece destaque o Estudo de Impacto Ambiental – EIA, sob o qual giram grandes divergências.
Neste trabalho destacamos a exigência de EIA pelos órgãos licenciadores em fases posteriores à emissão de uma licença ambiental, o que vai de encontro à sua natureza preventiva. Este, que seria ordinariamente requerido na fase anterior à instalação do empreendimento, mas que, porventura, tenha sido solicitado em fases posteriores, é conhecido como EIA a posteriori. Sua pertinência, características e consequências são aqui objeto de uma análise mais aprofundada, sendo consideradas, inclusive, as soluções práticas encontradas quando da sua exigência.

- by Gustavo M . S . Campos
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- Environmental Law, Direito Ambiental, EIA Studies, Licenciamento Ambiental
- by Philip M Fearnside
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- Project Management, Sustainable Development, Brazil, Brazil

Pakistan and most of the developing countries are in energy crisis. Pakistan spends almost 7 billion US$ on import of fossil fuels annually to fulfill its energy needs. The renewable and sustainable energy resources are best substitute to the conventional fuels and energy sources. Pakistan takes the opportunity to have almost of its population rural. Having a large amount of animals that give 652 million kg of manure daily from cattle and buffalo only this can be used to generate 16.3 million m3 biogas per day and 21 million tons of bio fertilizer per year. So by installing the biogas units we can overcome the energy crisis which we are facing to. They are low-cost and can be run with very small budget. Biogas energy corridor can work as a good substitute for nearly 70% of country’s population residing in rural areas. Installation of plants to store the biogas can be additional opportunity. The need of a national policy is imperative to bring this technology at farmer’s doorstep.

- by Absar Saleh
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- Renewable Energy, Sustainable Development, Pakistan, EIA Studies

Zagadnienia przyrodnicze w ocenach oddziaływania na środowisko -Tomasz Wilżak STRATEGICZNE OCENY ODDZIAŁYWANIA NA ŚRODOWISKO DLA PROJEKTÓW PLANÓW URZĄDZENIA LASU Strategiczna ocena oddziaływania projektów planów urządzenia lasu na przykładzie województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego -Natalia Górska Problematyka identyfikacji siedliska przyrodniczego kwaśna dąbrowa (9190) w kontekście strategicznej oceny oddziaływania na środowisko dla projektu planu urządzenia lasu -Radosław Dziedzic Proces uzgadniania planu urządzenia lasu dla Nadleśnictwa Spała na lata 2012-2021 -Tomasz Dzierżanowski, Katarzyna Wieteska Strategiczna ocena oddziaływania na środowisko projektów planów urządzenia lasu w województwie mazowieckim -problemy i dobre praktyki -Łukasz Brylak Strategiczna ocena oddziaływania na środowisko dla projektów planów urządzenia lasu -doświadczenia Regionalnej Dyrekcji Ochrony Środowiska w Opolu -Karolina Motyka, Tomasz Biwo Strategiczne oceny oddziaływania na środowisko projektów planów urządzenia lasu w województwie podlaskim -Adam Pawłowski Problemy strategicznej oceny oddziaływania na środowisko projektów planów urządzenia lasu w województwie pomorskim -Maria Zacharczuk, Barbara Florczak Problematyka strategicznej oceny oddziaływania na środowisko w kontekście art. 52a ustawy o ochronie przyrody -Małgorzata Olesińska Strategiczna ocena oddziaływania na środowisko dla planów urządzenia lasu na przykładzie województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego -uwagi ogólne -Justyna Rogowska Strategiczna ocena oddziaływania na środowisko projektów planów urządzenia lasu -przykłady spraw prowadzonych przez Regionalną Dyrekcję Ochrony Środowiska w Poznaniu -Jagienka Mazurek, Miłosława Olejnik Strategiczna ocena oddziaływania na środowisko a gospodarka leśna -główne problemy w województwie zachodniopomorskim -Alicja Matwiejczuk-Weychan

- by Tomasz Wilżak
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- EIA Studies

The main purpose of this study is to determine the amendments of Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) regulations both in Turkey and in the European Union(EU) to analyze the conformity of regulations and to reveal the differences between projects and project capacities that subject to EIA by the laws. In this context, the study will examine the entire regulations enacted at both legal systems and will determine the quantity and features of the amendment made in regulations in Turkey. After the amendments made in the regulations in Turkey are determined, the study will analyze how many of them are in conformity with the EU Directive and will try to strategize the steps that should be taken by Turkey in EIA which is one of the horizontal topics of the environmental issues covered by negotiations.

The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (Madrid Protocol), the latest instrument of the Antarctic Treaty system (ATS), establishes environmental standards to manage 10% of the planet. Under the Madrid Protocol, all activities subject to advance notice reporting obligations under the 1959 Antarctic Treaty are required to undergo prior Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The highest level EIA—termed a Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation (CEE)—requires international scrutiny. This is the only form of EIA where such scrutiny occurs and the only context under the Madrid Protocol or any other part of the ATS where the proposed actions of State
Parties, or operators subject to their jurisdiction, are subject to formal international review. Whilst this review does not provide a veto, it has been viewed as an important development in the Antarctic multilateral regime. To date, there have been 19 CEEs. This article reviews the Antarctic CEE process and evaluates its application in practice against the environmental obligations established in the Protocol. Whilst most CEEs are substantial documents and processes, which have raised the standard of environmental care in the area, there are significant generic limitations. Not one CEE appears to have led to substantial modification of the activity as first elaborated by the proponent, let alone a decision not to proceed with the activity, despite this being a mandatory consideration. There are indications that the imperatives in the CEE process are often administrative and diplomatic rather than environmental and that notwithstanding the international scrutiny of draft CEEs, state action may not be significantly changed. Suggestions are made on improvements
to the CEE process. The Madrid Protocol is a framework convention, designed so that its technical annexes, including that addressing EIA, may be periodically updated. Twelve years after its entry into force, and almost 20 years after its adoption, such
updating may now be usefulTwelve years after its entry into force, and almost 20 years after its adoption, such updating may now be useful.

Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines and Monitoring Protocols for Wind Energy Development Projects along the Rift Valley/Red Sea Flyway with a particular reference to wind energy in support of the conservation of Migratory Soaring... more

- by Mahmoud Sarhan
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- Wind Energy, Egypt, EIA Studies, Red Sea

Back cover text: Real Social Science presents a new, hands-on approach to social inquiry. The theoretical and methodological ideas behind the book, inspired by Aristotelian phronesis, represent an original perspective within the social sciences, and this volume gives readers for the first time a set of studies exemplifying what applied phronesis looks like in practice. The reflexive analysis of values and power gives new meaning to the impact of research on policy and practice. Real Social Science is a major step forward in a novel and thriving field of research. This book will benefit scholars, researchers, and students who want to make a difference in practice, not just in the academy. Its message will make it essential reading for students and academics across the social sciences.

- by Bent Flyvbjerg and +1
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- Screenwriting, Critical Theory, Critical Theory, Critical Theory

Chapter for assessment of auditory impact of theoretical wind farm.

- by Danielle King
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- Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA Studies

A B S T R A C T Myanmar's political and economic transformation and drastic expansion of foreign direct investment in natural resource sector necessitate systematic safeguards to mitigate impacts from its development activities. Myanmar promulgated the first national EIA law and procedure only recently, in 2016, and the country's institutional and financial capacity is extremely limited to implement effective EIA. This article evaluates Myanmar's EIA system against a set of evaluative criteria developed by Wood (1995) and modified by Annandle (2001). The evaluation was based on the review of the literature, investigation of EIA legislative and administrative framework, and several other sources of data and information. Opinions of professionals from international and government agencies, and researchers are also solicited. The paper then evaluates the rate of EIA disclosure in O & G sector and whether EIA in Myanmar is significance in mitigating the impact of O & G operations on the environment. The review of EIA system indicates that Myanmar generally has sound legal and administrative framework for EIA, however, its practical implementation reveals several major challenges and weaknesses. The presence of more than one standard EIA procedure and lack of interdepartmental coordination and consultation are also major concerns. Overall, the quality of EIA reports and the level of disclosure in O & G sector is higher than that of other sectors in Myanmar. Through the analysis, the paper summarizes the fundamental challenges faced by companies and government, opportunities and good practices in implementing EIA systems and propose recommendations to strengthen EIA performance. The findings of this study expect to contribute to strengthening EIA system and performance in Myanmar and other developing countries, especially in Southeast Asia.

- by Thirishwesin Aung
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- Environmental Studies, Oil and Gas Law, Oil and gas, Burma Studies
- by Mahmud Hasan Tuhin
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- Environmental Science, EIA Studies, Tobacco control policy, Tobacco Control

This article examines five common misunderstandings about case-study research: (a) theoretical knowledge is more valuable than practical knowledge; (b) one cannot generalize from a single case, therefore, the single-case study cannot contribute to scientific development; (c) the case study is most useful for generating hypotheses, whereas other methods are more suitable for hypotheses testing and theory building; (d) the case study contains a bias toward verification; and (e) it is often difficult to summarize specific case studies. This article explains and corrects these misunderstandings one by one and concludes with the Kuhnian insight that a scientific discipline without a large number of thoroughly executed case studies is a discipline without systematic production of exemplars, and a discipline without exemplars is an ineffective one. Social science may be strengthened by the execution of a greater number of good case studies.

- by Bent Flyvbjerg
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- Critical Theory, Business, Entrepreneurship, Organizational Behavior
- by Philip M Fearnside
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- Brazil, Amazonia, Peru, EIA Studies
- by Frank Meier
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- Critical Theory, Business, Entrepreneurship, Organizational Behavior
- by Aliyu Baba Nabegu
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- EIA Studies, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Phronetic organizational research is an approach to the study of management and organizations focusing on ethics and power. It is based on a contemporary interpretation of the Aristotelian concept phronesis, usually as ‘prudence’. Phronesis is the ability to think and act in relation to values, to deliberate about ‘things that are good or bad for humans’ in the words of Aristotle (1976:1140a24–b12). Phronetic organizational research effectively provides answers to the following four value-rational questions, for specific problematics in management and organization studies: 1. Where are we going with this specific management problematic? 2. Who gains and who loses, and by which mechanisms of power? 3. Is this development desirable? 4. What, if anything, should we do about it?

- by Bent Flyvbjerg
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- Screenwriting, Critical Theory, Business, Entrepreneurship

A proposal for a fictional wind farm development

- by Danielle King
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- Environmental Law, Energy Law, Planning Law, Environmental Impact Assessment

The Aalborg Project may be interpreted as a metaphor of modern politics, modern administration and planning, and of modernity itself. The basic idea of the project was comprehensive, coherent, and innovative, and it was based on rational and democratic argument. During implementation, however, when idea met reality, the play of Machiavellian princes, Nietzschean will to power, and Foucauldian rationality-as-rationalization resulted in the fragmentation of the project.

- by Bent Flyvbjerg
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- Critical Theory, Business, Entrepreneurship, Organizational Behavior

At the same time that case studies are widely used and have produced canonical texts, it may be observed that the case study as a methodology is generally held in low regard, or is simply ignored, within the academy. For example, only 2 of the 30 top-ranked U.S. graduate programs in political science require a dedicated graduate course in case study or qualitative methods, and a full third of these programs do not even offer such a course. In contrast, all of the top 30 programs offer courses in quantitative methods and almost all of them require training in such methods, often several courses. In identifying this paradox of the case study’s wide use and low regard, Gerring rightly remarks that the case study survives in a “curious methodological limbo,” and that the reason is that the method is poorly understood. In what follows, we will try to resolve Gerring’s paradox and help case study research gain wider use and acceptance.

- by Bent Flyvbjerg
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- Critical Theory, Business, Entrepreneurship, Organizational Behavior
- by Ahmed Elbhnasawi
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- EIA Studies

this paper highlights some of the ways through which the public can be engaged while conducting environmental impact assessment of a given project. it also justifies some of the method in conducting an impact study. State advantages and... more

“Environmental justice” refers mainly to unequal environmental impacts
on human groups based on differences such as race, ethnicity, and income. Definitions of both the “environmental” and the “justice” portions of the term are varied and continually evolving. Amazonian dams clearly fall within any definition of the concept. These dams particularly affect those who live along and depend upon Amazonian rivers, in other words, traditional residents such as indigenous peoples and ribeirinhos (traditional riverside dwellers). Benefits of the dams accrue to urban consumers and especially to industries. The export of electricity in the form of electro-intensive commodities such as aluminum illustrates inequality on an international scale, with Amazonia and its people paying the environmental price for consumption and industrial employment in countries that would themselves no longer accept the impacts of the kind unleashed by these dams.

- by Philip Fearnside
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- Sustainable Development, Brazil, Amazonia, Environmental Impact Assessment

In this paper we argue that the use of the communicative theory of Jürgen Habermas in planning theory is problematic because it hampers an understanding of how power shapes planning. We posit an alternative approach based on the power analytics of Michel Foucault which focuses on ‘what is actually done’, as opposed to Habermas’s focus on ‘what should be done’. We discuss how the Foucauldian stance problematises planning, asking difficult questions about the treatment of legitimacy, rationality, knowledge and spatiality. We conclude that Foucault offers a type of analytic planning theory which offers better prospects than does Habermas for those interested in understanding and bringing about democratic social change through planning.

- by Bent Flyvbjerg
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- Critical Theory, Business, Entrepreneurship, Organizational Behavior

This article is an overview of wind energy projects in India and their social ecological impacts. The article suggests that there is need for cumulative impact assessment of wind projects in regions which have become havens for harnessing... more

- by Aliyu Baba Nabegu
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- EIA Studies, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
- by Ravindu Gamage
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- Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA Studies, EIA

Peça fundamental à melhor avaliação de impacto ambiental (AIA), o estudo de impacto ambiental (EIA) vem ganhando importância ao longo dos seus pouco mais de trinta anos de existência. Entendemos, porém, que a despeito dos avanços, o EIA ainda não consegue desempenhar a contento o seu papel, em razão das falhas que a legislação a ele atinente ainda possui. O objetivo dessa pesquisa, portanto, foi comprovar que os defeitos na normatização brasileira e portuguesa relativa ao EIA descendem, em sua maioria, de uma aplicação equivocada dos Princípios do Poluidor-Pagador e da Precaução. Para tal, foi realizada a análise da legislação ambiental nos dois Estados – nomeadamente no que tange ao EIA – bem como dos princípios em tela e o necessário cotejo das normas com os princípios nominados. Para contribuir no aprimoramento da execução dos EIA’s no Brasil e em Portugal, algumas alterações legislativas foram propostas como forma de adequar a legislação aos princípios indicados.
Palavras-chave: Avaliação de impacto ambiental. Estudo de impacto ambiental. Princípio da Precaução. Princípio do Poluidor-Pagador.

- by Marina Gadelha
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- Precautionary Principle, Direito Processual Civil, Direito Ambiental, EIA Studies

This article presents the theoretical and methodological considerations behind a research method which the author calls ‘phronetic planning research’. Such research sets out to answer four questions of power and values for specific instances of planning: (1) Where are we going with planning? (2) Who gains and who loses, and by which mechanisms of power? (3) Is this development desirable? (4) What, if anything, should we do about it? A central task of phronetic planning research is to provide concrete examples and detailed narratives of the ways in which power and values work in planning and with what consequences to whom, and to suggest how relations of power and values could be changed to work with other consequences. Insofar as planning situations become clear, they are clarified by detailed stories of who is doing what to whom. Clarifications of that kind are a principal concern for phronetic planning research and provide the main link to praxis.

- by Bent Flyvbjerg
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- Critical Theory, Business, Entrepreneurship, Organizational Behavior

This paper takes a look at urbanization and environment in Africa mega cities with reference to Nigeria; it enumerates the problems caused by the continued influx of migrant into cities and the attendant challenges these population... more

- by Charles Anukwonke
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- Tourism Studies, EIA Studies, Urbanisation

Back cover text: If the new fin de siècle marks a recurrence of the real, Bent Flyvbjerg’s Rationality and Power epitomizes that development and sets new standards for social and political inquiry. The Danish town of Aalborg is to Flyvbjerg what Florence was to Machiavelli: a laboratory for understanding the real workings of power, and for grasping what they mean to our more general concerns of social and political organization. Politics, administration, and planning are examined in ways that allow a rare, in-depth understanding. The reader witnesses, firsthand, the classic and endless drama which defines what modernity and democracy are and can be.

- by Bent Flyvbjerg
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- Critical Theory, Business, Entrepreneurship, Organizational Behavior

Daga, Vanessa S.; Valter M. Azevedo-Santos, Fernando M. Pelicice, Philip M. Fearnside, Gilmar Perbiche-Neves, Lucas R. P. Paschoal, Daniel C. Cavallari, José Erickson, Ana M. C. Ruocco, Igor Oliveira, André A. Padial & Jean R. S. Vitule. 2020. Water diversion in Brazil threatens biodiversity: Potential problems and alternatives. Ambio 49(1): 165–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01189-8

- by Philip Fearnside and +1
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- Aquatic Ecology, Brazil, Invasive Species, Biodiversity

This paper aims to discuss the impact of multipurpose river valley projects on
economy and the environment of the areas affected by it. A case study of Madikheda Dam
Project is carried out, which is constructed in the core region of Madhav National Park in
Madhya Pradesh (INDIA). Impact analysis is done on the flora and fauna and as well as on
economic and social development. It is concluded that though a large scale of depletion of
forest and extinction of wild animals will be the consequences in due course of time after
completion of its all phase’s construction , its economic impact is tremendous. It will not
only solve the energy crises but also generate the substantial amount of employment and
will supply ample water for irrigation. The study is mainly based upon the collection of
primarily and secondary data. The primary data were gathered through framing
questionnaire, scheduled, and interview of the affected people of all thirteen villages,
government officials, and old and experienced people. Secondary data were collected from
different sources such as forest department, water resource department and statistical
department.

- by Prof. V.P Sati
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- EIA Studies

Este terceiro volume da série sobre “Hidrelétricas na Amazônia: Impactos Ambientais e Sociais na Tomada de Decisões sobre Grandes Obras” apresenta versões em Português de trabalhos sobre o assunto publicados depois da publicação dos primeiros dois volumes em 2015. Algumas informações foram atualizadas desde as publicações originais. Cada capítulo do livro, assim como as publicações originais, é intencionado a ser independente dos outros, o que significa que alguma
repetição de informação é necessária. As decisões tomadas nos próximos anos sobre desenvolvimento hidrelétrico serão entre as mais
influentes em determinar o futuro da população humana e do meio ambiente na região amazônica. A magnitude dos planos, junto com a magnitude dos impactos provocados pela construção de obras deste
porte, faz com que seja extremamente importante tirar todas as lições possíveis dos erros e acertos no planejamento e construção das hidrelétricas na região até agora. Estas experiências indicam a necessidade de melhoria dos sistemas de planejamento
de desenvolvimento, análise de impactos e licenciamento
de obras. Este livro reúne as informações de uma forma acessível para facilitar um re-pensamento da forma de planejar e licenciar grandes projetos de todos os tipos, não apenas hidrelétricas

- by Philip Fearnside
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- Environmental Impact Assessment, Big Dams, EIA Studies, Dams