Efficient Communication Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

A principle of efficient language production based on information theoretic considerations is proposed: Uniform Information Density predicts that language production is affected by a preference to distribute information uniformly across the linguistic signal. This prediction is tested against data from syntactic reduction. A single multilevel logit model analysis of naturally distributed data from a corpus of spontaneous speech is used to assess the effect of information density on complementizer that-mentioning, while simultaneously evaluating the predictions of several influential alternative accounts: availability, ambiguity avoidance, and dependency processing accounts. Information density emerges as an important predictor of speakers’ preferences during production. As information is defined in terms of probabilities, it follows that production is probability-sensitive, in that speakers’ preferences are affected by the contextual probability of syntactic structures. The merits of a corpus-based approach to the study of language production are discussed as well.

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- Cognitive Science, Communication, Language Variation and Change, Psycholinguistics

Languages of the world display many structural similarities. We test
the hypothesis that some of these structural properties may arise
from biases operating during language acquisition that shape
languages over time. Specifically, we investigate whether language
learners are biased toward linguistic systems that strike an efficient
balance between robust information transfer, on the one hand, and
effort or resource demands, on the other hand, thereby increasing
the communicative utility of the acquired language. In two experiments,
we expose learners to miniature artificial languages
designed in such a way that they do not use their formal devices
(case marking) efficiently to facilitate robust information transfer.
We find that learners restructure such languages in ways that
facilitate efficient information transfer compared with the input
language. These systematic changes introduced by the learners
follow typologically frequent patterns, supporting the hypothesis
that some of the structural similarities found in natural languages are
shaped by biases toward communicatively efficient linguistic systems.

Functionalist typologists have long argued that pressures associated with language usage influence the distribution of grammatical properties across the world’s languages. Specifically, grammatical properties may be observed more often across languages because they improve a language’s utility or decrease its complexity. While this approach to the study of typology offers the potential of explaining grammatical patterns in terms of general principles rather than domain-specific constraints, the notions of utility and complexity are more often grounded in intuition than empirical findings. A suitable empirical foundation might be found in the terms of processing preferences: in that case, psycholinguistic measures of complexity are then expected correlate with typological patterns. We summarize half a century of psycholinguistic work on ‘processing complexity’ in an attempt to make this work accessible to a broader audience:
What makes something hard to process for comprehenders, and what determines speakers’ preferences in production? We also briefly discuss recently emerging approaches that link preferences in production to communicative efficiency. These
approaches can be seen as providing well-defined measures of utility. With these psycholinguistic findings in mind, it is possible to investigate the extent to which language usage is reflected in typological patterns. We close with a summary of paradigms that allow the link between language usage and typology to be studied empirically.

- by T. Florian Jaeger
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- Cognitive Science, Typology, Psycholinguistics, Functional Linguistics

As vehicle population has been increasing on a daily basis, this leads towards increased number of accidents. To overcome this issue, Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) has come up with lot of novel ideas such as vehicular communication, navigation and traffic controlling. In this study, the main focus is on congestion control at the intersections which result from unclear ahead. For this purpose, a city lane and intersection model has been proposed to manage vehicle mobility. It shows the actual vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to traffic infrastructure communication. The experiment was conducted using Network Simulator 2 (NS 2). The implementation required modelling the road side unit, traffic control unit, and on-board unit along the roadside. In the simulation, including traffic volume, the distance between two signals, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, throughput and packet lost were taken into consideration. These parameters ensure efficient communication between the traffic signals. This results in improved congestion control and road safety, since the vehicles will be signalled not to enter the junction box and information about other vehicles.

- by Saravana Kumar
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- Wireless Communications, Network Security, Cognitive radio, Spectrum Sensing

Embodiments of techniques that may be used to improve communication efficiency in a network are provided. One or more versions of one or more communication protocols in the network may be monitored. A document object model of data may be processed at a device to generate raw data. Subsequently, the raw data may be transmitted by the device on the network based on the versions of the communication protocols.