Electrostatic Precipitators Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

In the paper, some results of the measurement of mercury emission from OP-430 boiler working in the Krakow Heat and Power Generating Plant are presented. The tests were carried out during combustion of various coals and changeable the boiler efficiency. Apart from investigation of mercury emission to the atmosphere (in gaseous and solid phase), total mercury concentration in coal, bottom ash and dust collected in electrostatic precipitators were analysed as well. Thus emission amount could be verified by means of the approximate mercury balance performed for the coal combustion process.
English title: Mercury emission from coal combustion.

- by and +1
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- Air Pollution Control, Mercury, Coal Combustion, Fly Ash

A PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF USING THE AETHERS.

- by MIKE EMERY
- •
- Physics, Theoretical Physics, Quantum Physics, Solid State Physics

IT'S HERE NOW!!! IT’S GOING TO BE REAL STRANGE. PEOPLE MUST NOT BE AFRAID, IN FACT, ALL PEOPLE NEED TO BE REAL HAPPY ABOUT THIS EVENT AND BE READY TO GET OUTSIDE. GROUNDED. THIS IS MEANT TO CLEAN ALL OF THE POLLUTION AND PROBABLY EVEN... more

- by MIKE EMERY
- •
- History, Ancient History, Physiology, Sociology

beberapa macam peralatan dedusting yang digunakan di industri semen

Tel-Plakalı (Wire-Plate) Elektrostatik filtre sisteminin toplayıcı plaka uzunluğunun toplama verimine olan etkisi incelenmiştir.Önceden yapılan analizlerde 0.3 mikron partikül boyutu için iyonizer voltajı 10 KV toplayıcı voltajı 5 KV olan sistemde farklı debilerde plaka boyutları; uzun plaka boyutu 266x456 mm, kısa plaka boyutu 250x440 mm olan sistem için analizler incelenmiş ve plaka boyutları 5 cm arttırılarak (316x456 mm,300x440 mm) 0.3 mikron partikül boyutu için aynı debi ve aynı voltajlarda teorik hesaplar yapılmış ve hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği paket programlarından Cradle ile modellenip analiz edilmiştir.Toplayıcı plaka uzunluğundaki değişimin toplama verime olan etkisi teorik verimle ve önceden yapılan sonuçlarla karşılaştırılarak detaylıca incelenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Elektrostatik Filtre, Toplama Verimi, Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği

- by Bartu Özkan
- •
- Particle filters, Electrostatic Precipitators, HVAC / Building Services

Cement industry is one of the most important industries which plays a significant role in the development and prosperity of any country and worldwide. On the other hand, cement factories are among the major environmental plights and source of contamination. Accordingly, one of the main complications associated with these factories is controlling and preventing excessive emission of contaminants. Electrostatic precipitators are among the most important devices for controlling air pollution. One of the most important influential parameters affecting the efficiency of dust collection in the design of the electrostatic precipitator is the migration velocity. In this research, this parameter was studied in the electrostatic precipitators of ELEx, Hamon, and FLSmith companies, which are responsible for collecting the dust from clinker coolers in cement factories. The results of the study suggested that the range of this parameter under the mentioned conditions was obtained as 8.7-11.5 cm/sec. Also, it can be stated that higher efficiency of the precipitator can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of mechanical dust collection. This can be realized by properly reducing costs, increasing the service life of equipment, and preventing environmental pollution.

- by amin emami and +1
- •
- Dust Hazards, Filtration, Electrostatic Precipitators, Cement Industry

The power of electrostatic precipitators (ESP) significantly affect on the precipitation efficiency of fly ash from smoke gases. Those gases are very adverse products of energy production on thermal power plants (TPP). In previous decades ESP in TPP are powered with SCR controlled devices having a high degree of
reliability, but with relatively low collection efficiency. The collection and energy efficiency of the ESP can be increased by applying high frequency high voltage (HFHV) power supply. Distributed multiresonant topology enables reducing of commutation losses and the insulation stress, hence suppressing the catalytic effects of the electric field high speed changes and preventing chemical reactions leading to accelerated dielectric
aging. The multi resonant power converter topology enables ZCS commutation of IGBT power switches, significantly lowering the overall converter losses. Voltage and current control provide the possibility controlling of the number of sparks per minute. This
paper describe the HFHV power unit AR70/1000, topology, principles of operation, simulations and measurement results obtained during extensive experimental investigations on thermal power plants. Under the same operating conditions was confirmed good correlation of simulations results with experiments.

La presente invención divulga una configuración de un precipitador electrostático que permite la captura y concentración de metales pesados, preferentemente mercurio, mediante la inmovilización de dichas partículas por carga electrostática y afinidad química. La configuración del precipitador electrostático comprende un bastidor con filamentos metálicos recubiertos con una nanopelícula de queratina, donde los filamentos actúan como electrodos colectores que además de permitir la purificación de la corriente gaseosa objetivo también permiten la acumulación de metales pesados por afinidad química con la queratina y por efecto de carga estática, para su posterior disposición.

The modern power supplies of electrostatic precipitators (ESP) are based on high voltage high frequency (HVHF) power converters. Developed HVFF ESP power, under commercial name AR70 / 1000, is based on a distributed multi-resonant topology. This power it had to be subjected to a series of pure electrical tests (short circuit test, open circuit test, full load test), but also of thermal characterization and electro thermal testing, before delivery and exploitation in real conditions on the thermal power plant blocks. This paper describes a methodology of electrical thermal testing of the proposed ESP power, as well as experimental results obtained during tests and thermal heating in laboratory conditions at nominal output voltage 70kVdc and the nominal output power of 70kW. The performed experimental results and procedure showed acceptable values and limitations, which was carried out the verification a given ESP power prior to delivery and installation of the ESP units on the real conditions on thermal power plants blocks.

The combustion process of power generation plants originates particulates. There are different technologies to collecting particulate such
as electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) or fabric filters. Currently, these ESPs take 25 or 35 years in service and if the performance expectations
of their Plants are positives, improving investments required which can adapt to the new particulate emission limits becoming more
stringent. This paper analyzes an alternative means great savings in investment costs; Conversion of the existing ESP casing to a Pulse Jet
fabric filter. This study also presents a real case, implementing this conversion with good results in unit of 660 MW power plants of Italy.

- by DYNA Revista and +1
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- Electrostatic Precipitators, Particulate, Opacimeter, Fabric Filter

The scope of the present study is to explore the two-dimensional computational
simulation flow of hot exhaust gases that pass inside an electrostatic
precipitator. The simulation process is implemented using a CFD software.
Initially, the theoretical background and differential equations of Navier-Stokes
are described. The input of parameters and numerical data in the software is
carried out in the next step. Finally, the results of the simulation are presented
with eight different snapshots for different cases. Following the implementation
of the simulation, it is concluded that the flow velocity of exhaust gases is
maximized at the inlet of the precipitation element. The flow velocity of exhaust
gases between the collecting electrodes decreases for an initial velocity of 0.1
m/sec and increases for an initial velocity ranging from 2.3 to 3 m/sec. The flow
velocity is maximized in the upper and lower part of the precipitation element.

Corona onset voltage is one of the most important factors that determine the charging toxic particle in an industrial application. Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) remove the suspended particle with a gas inlet. This paper developed Peek's formula to estimate the maximum electric field near the discharge wire in corona discharge models, the values of maximum electric field and corona onset voltage near the discharge wires have been calculated for different values of pressure and temperature for confined gas in a region between the electrodes in ESP. The model uses finite difference method (FDM) to solve governing equations (Poisson’s and current continuity equations) simultaneously. Computer simulation method uses FORTRAN program to estimate potential distribution and maximum electric field intensity.
The calculated corona onset voltage values are compared with the calculated values of different models.

- by fadhil fuliful
- •
- Electrostatic Precipitators

Gaseous exhausts from various industries pollute the environment with flyash generally filtered by electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) before being released to the atmosphere. This paper presents the development of a controller for ESP power supply. The controller maintains the voltage applied to ESP at its maximum average value by duty cycle control that results in an improvement in dust collection-efficiency. The limiting factor for the output voltage is the breakdown of gas (spark/arc) in the electrode gap of ESP. During a spark/arc condition, the duty cycle limit imposed by the controller causes a reduction in output voltage that leads to the prevention of spark/arc. The present design has a response faster than line frequency power supply controllers. The control circuit is simpler, easy to implement and uses a standard PWM controller IC. The design of power stage uses a flyback current-fed push-pull DC-DC converter with multiple secondary circuits, which has the advantages of instantaneous current limit and less voltage stress on rectifier-diodes. Simulation is performed to obtain a 1 kV, 100 W output from a 24VDC source. The results are compared with experimental values to validate the controller's ability to achieve good load regulation during normal operation and a reduction in output voltage during spark/arc condition.

- by Eliaser Nghishiyeleke
- •
- Environmental Science, Combustion, Coal, Air Pollution and Health Effects

Elektrostatičko izdvajanje je jedan od veoma efikasnih načina filtracije i odvajanja čvrstih čestica na blokovima termoelektrana i energana. Efikasnost ovih postrojenja je uslovljena kvalitetom regulacije napona i detekcijom korone na elektrodnom sistemu izdvajača. Rad elektrostatičkih izdvajača je nezamisliv bez upotrebe energetskih pretvarača koji obično iz trofaznog mrežnog napajanja 3x400V, 50Hz ili iz dvofaznog napajanja 400V, 50Hz obezbeđuju visoke napone na elektrodnom sistemu u opsegu tipično 0kV-100 kV. Bilo da se radi o tiristorskim 50Hz-nim pretvaračima ili tranzistorskim visokofrekventnim pretvaračima (5kHz-10kHz) neophodno je pouzdano i tačno meriti napon i struju na elektrodnom sistemu izdvajača, kako bi se postigao efikasniji rad i što bolje praćenje granice probojnog napona. U radu su razmatrane specifičnosti visokonaponskih visokofrekventnih (VNVF) merenja na elektrodnom sistemu elektrostatičkih izdvajača koji se koriste na blokovima termoelektrana. Takođe u radu je dato konkretno rešenje mernog sistema kao i dobijeni eksperimentalni rezultati.

The power of electrostatic precipitators (ESP) significantly affect on the precipitation efficiency of fly ash from smoke gases. Those gases are very adverse products of energy production on thermal power plants (TPP). In previous decades ESP in TPP are powered with SCR controlled devices having a high degree of reliability, but with relatively low collection efficiency. The collection and energy efficiency of the ESP can be increased by applying high frequency high voltage (HFHV) power supply. Distributed multiresonant topology enables reducing of commutation losses and the insulation stress, hence suppressing the catalytic effects of the electric field high speed changes and preventing chemical reactions leading to accelerated dielectric aging. The multi resonant power converter topology enables ZCS commutation of IGBT power switches, significantly lowering the overall converter losses. Voltage and current control provide the possibility controlling of the number of sparks per min...

In this thesis, the refrigeration and air filtration systems of a nacelle of Wind Energy Conversion
Systems (WECS) in desert climates is studied. A comparison between two dust
particle filtration systems is performed, in a technical-economical analysis. The solution
proposed to improve the air filtration of the refrigeration system consists of, substituting
conventional mesh-fiber filters with an Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP). To do this
some background is given in dust particle filtration efficiency measurement, as well as a
methodology to do the comparison. In addition to that, an investigation on the theoretical
principles of electrostatic precipitation is given, and based on that, an experimental ESP
is designed. The study will focus on a horizontal axis WECS, placed in a desert climate,
specifically in the Arabian Desert, where the most suitable location to place a WECS is
chosen, and the climatic conditions data for that place is researched.

- by ALBERTO LOPEZ ROLO
- •
- Engineering, Thermal Engineering, Wind Energy, Saudi Arabia

Recent investigations concerning the planet Mars show that the loss of water is much higher then expected. The question of this paper is: Can this be caused by the presence of electrical effects in the Martian atmosphere. We start with the Earth. There we see that climate depends on the height of the clouds and the presence of haze. Both are affected by the received electricity from the Solar wind. This wind makes the Earth carries a negative charge, whilst the planet Mars is likely to be positive. This charge changes the condensation of water and the different spheres around the Earth as well the planet Mars.

- by Rein Andre Roos and +1
- •
- Climate Change, Planetary Science, Atmospheric Science, Climatology

Coal-fired power plants utilising fluidised bed technologies emit copious amounts of fly-ash, which is harmful to people owing to its particulate nature. A planned 300 MW power plant will have an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) for fly-ash emissions control, in line with power generation industry best practices. This ESP should meet a fly-ash emission limit value ≤ 50 mg/Nm 3. This paper details the design process and resultant technical specifications of a cold-side, single-stage, and plate-wire dry ESP designed for the power plant. The ESP will consist of twin-chambers with quadruple-fields (2 × 4 × 315 m 3) and octonary bus-sections independently energised by individual high-frequency three-phase switched integrated rectifiers (70 kV, 800 mA) to maximise ionisation. Dynamically balanced, single-impact, tumbling hammer rappers (857.5 rpm) will dislodge fly-ash from the collector plates into mass-flow wedge-shaped hoppers. A specific collection area (≥ 56.9 m 2 /m 3 /s) and an ESP index (≥ 709.2 (kV/cm) 2 m 2 /m 3 /s) should guarantee a collection efficiency (≥ 99.5 %) and the specified emission limit value at 100 % boiler capacity and normal operating conditions (gas velocity ≤ 2.4 m/s; gas temperature ≤ 137 ℃; fly-ash loading ≤ 10 000 kg/Nm 3 ; re-sistivity ≤ 10 10 Ω‧cm). The design was successfully verified in principle using the validation square method, in conjunction with the leading comparable historical case studies approach. It is recommended to simulate ESP designs using suitable programs like Comsol Multiphysics and construct a pilot plant before attempting scaled-up construction and commissioning. Highlights • A cold-side, single-stage plate-wire dry ESP system designed. • Theoretical collection efficiency in excess of 99.5%. • High-frequency, three-phase switched integrated rectifiers to be used for ionisation.